1、可持續(xù)社區(qū)整合系統(tǒng)發(fā)展系統(tǒng)整合的思維方式Integrated Whole Systems Thinking生態(tài)資源 Ecological Resources能源 Energy交通 Transportation綠色建筑 Green Building水 Water社會(huì)/文化 Socio /Cultural經(jīng)濟(jì) Economic新建項(xiàng)目 Greenfield Projects 適用于20多英畝到10,000多英畝的社區(qū)scalable from 20 + acres to large 10,000 acre + communities已有社區(qū)Existing Communities氣候變化應(yīng)對策略規(guī)

2、劃Climate Change Strategic Plans生態(tài)效率推動(dòng)計(jì)劃Eco-Efficiency Initiatives鄰里、城鎮(zhèn)、市區(qū)和城市Neighborhoods, Towns, Downtowns, Cities褐色土地和再開發(fā)Brownfields & Redev填入式再開發(fā)Infill Redevelopments環(huán)境報(bào)告Environmental Documentation環(huán)境影響評估Environmental Impact Assessment提供應(yīng)對氣候變化的新方式Support new scopes on Climate Change可持續(xù)發(fā)展整合模型 (SSIM

3、)Sustainable Systems Integration Model (SSIM)第一步：社區(qū)框架優(yōu)化Stage One: Community Framework OptimizationSSIM GIS界面SSIM GIS Interface利用自動(dòng)化模型和整合技術(shù)Using Automated Models and Integrated Technologies概念繪制Draw Concept將規(guī)劃方案輸入SSIMFeed Land Program to SSIM 得到模型結(jié)果Get SSIM Results運(yùn)行生成模型和城市形態(tài)分析模型，并生成土地規(guī)劃方案Run Yield Mo

4、del, Urban Form Analysis Model & Generate Land ProgramSSIM GIS界面SSIM GIS Interface方案 1Scheme 1方案 3Scheme 3方案 2Scheme 2Plan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustain

5、ability IndicatorsTabular OutputsSSIM GIS界面：指標(biāo)輸出SSIM GIS Interface : Indicator Outputs基礎(chǔ)情景概述第二步：專題項(xiàng)目的優(yōu)化Stage Two: Core Theme Optimization 專題項(xiàng)目評估Core Themes Evaluated項(xiàng)目城市形態(tài)On-site Urban Form居住區(qū)建筑能源Residential Building Energy非居住區(qū)建筑能源Non-Residential Building Energy交通Transportation 公共空間能源Public Realm En

6、ergy生活用水、雨水和廢水Domestic, Storm, Waste Water 城市熱島效應(yīng)Urban Heat Island Effect生態(tài)Ecology獨(dú)立式可再生能源Freestanding Renewables區(qū)域分布式發(fā)電系統(tǒng)District Distributed Generation社會(huì)文化Socio-Cultural低碳項(xiàng)目開發(fā)Low Carbon Program Development初始投資First-Costs將組合融于總體可持續(xù)方案Packages Combined into Master Sustainability Programs生命周期成本Life Cy

7、cle Costs各個(gè)專題項(xiàng)目優(yōu)化包組合Optimized Packages for Each Core Theme環(huán)境效益Environmental Benefit市場成本承受力Market Cost Acceptance生活用水Domestic Water 佳good 優(yōu)良better 最優(yōu)best交通Transportation 佳good 優(yōu)良better 最優(yōu)best公共空間Public Realm 佳good 優(yōu)良better 最優(yōu)best可再生能源Renewable Energy 佳good 優(yōu)良better 最優(yōu)best專題項(xiàng)目建模Core Theme Modeling建筑能源

8、Building Energy 佳good 優(yōu)良better 最優(yōu)best核心和中心Cores and Centers城鎮(zhèn)中心Central Town Center多區(qū)域核心Multiple District Cores密度Density緊湊設(shè)計(jì)Compact Design高密度核心區(qū)Higher density in cores土地利用多樣性Diversity of Land Use住宅多樣化Broad range of housing工作居住平衡Jobs/housing balance提供本地服務(wù)Local service provision城市形態(tài)Urban Form建筑外圍Buildi

9、ng Shell門窗幕墻Fenestration中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)效率 HVAC efficiency熱水系統(tǒng)Water heating器具Appliances照明Lighting被動(dòng)式設(shè)計(jì)Passive design建筑朝向Bldg orientation建筑光電技術(shù)On-building PV建筑能源Building Energy指標(biāo)示例 住宅能源Example Measures Residential Energy基線24法案佳“能源之星”優(yōu)良最優(yōu)化最優(yōu)零排放住宅外墻天花板輻射屏障窗戶U值空調(diào)季節(jié)能效等級膨脹閥鍋爐年度燃料利用效率管道絕緣程度管道泄漏率房屋泄漏率水體加熱器最優(yōu)化朝向太陽熱能源之

10、星家電緊湊型熒光燈照明光伏電池板輸出示例 住宅能源Example Outputs Residential Energy投資回收期最優(yōu)優(yōu)良佳最優(yōu)優(yōu)良佳千美元投資的碳排放削減量公寓大型獨(dú)立式住宅小型獨(dú)立式住宅大型獨(dú)立式住宅小型獨(dú)立式住宅公寓年百萬噸當(dāng)量CO2輸出示例 住宅能源Example Outputs Residential Energy佳方案的價(jià)值圖優(yōu)良方案的價(jià)值圖最優(yōu)方案的價(jià)值圖貨幣化的效益投資比貨幣化的效益投資比貨幣化的效益投資比凈投資節(jié)省凈投資節(jié)省凈投資節(jié)省公共場所能源Public Realm Energy街道照明Street Lighting燈具間隔和光照度Fixture spaci

11、ng and foot candles光污染削減概念Dark sky conceptsLED選擇LED options出行需求管理(TDM)Travel demand management (TDM)停車場工業(yè)區(qū)Parking Lots / Industrial Areas光照度要求Foot candle requirementsLED選擇LED options感光和微光照明Photopic vs. Scotopic Lights太陽能風(fēng)能照明Solar / wind Lighting Options開放空間和公園Open Space and Parks照明級別Lighting levels建

12、筑采用太陽能光板系統(tǒng)PV on structures土地利用Land Use景觀調(diào)色板Landscape palettes建筑節(jié)水Building Fixtures處理后污水回用Treated sewage effluent reuse雨水回用Stormwater reuse雨水收集Rainwater capture中水回用Gray water reuse生活用水削減Domestic Water Reduction輸出示例- 水Example Outputs - WATER水和廢水千美元投資的節(jié)水量英畝英尺/年基于投資增加比例的收益比地下水開采量回用水量廢水量雨水量英畝英尺比值交通Transp

13、ortation內(nèi)部工程措施Internal Project Measures內(nèi)部通勤Internal shuttles自行車步行設(shè)施Bicycle/pedestrian facilities 社區(qū)電動(dòng)車Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs)出行需求管理Travel demand management (TDM)外部工程措施External Project Measures 協(xié)調(diào)部門Coordinating entity外部通勤External shuttles區(qū)域交通擴(kuò)展Regional transit extensions外部交通選擇External t

14、ransit options居住雇傭銜接措施Housing/Employment Linkage現(xiàn)場工作居住平衡On-site jobs/housing balance雇員交通補(bǔ)貼Employer proximity subsidy微觀氣候工程Micro-Climate Engineering利用植栽進(jìn)行建筑遮陽Building Shading from trees 微觀水體濕度和制冷調(diào)節(jié)Micro-water cooling材料選擇Materials selection社區(qū)景觀Community Landscape公共空間植栽的增加Increased public realm plantin

15、g綜合生物多樣性理念Bio-diversity concepts材料選擇Materials selection水景降溫Water Features for Cooling大尺度降溫和水化理念Large scale cooling城市熱島效應(yīng)Urban Heat Island能源和溫室氣體補(bǔ)償:可再生和分布式能源Energy and GHG Offsets: Renewable & Distributed Energy 建筑可再生措施On-Building Renewables光伏電池板Photo Voltaic panels熱源水供應(yīng)Thermal hot water 分布式能源Distrib

16、uted Energy 光伏發(fā)電廠Photo Voltaic plants風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠Wind turbine plants熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)CHP生物質(zhì)* BioMass沼氣*BioGas地?zé)? GeoThermal智慧型電網(wǎng)Smart Grid需求控制技術(shù) Demand Control 高效能分布High efficiency distribution第三步：總體方案整合Stage Three: Master Program Synthesis 專題項(xiàng)目指標(biāo)調(diào)整界面Core Themes / Measures Gaming Board 第二步 組合選擇專項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目 Themes為方案選擇組合Select

17、Packages for These ProgramsABC Building Energy Reductions(建筑能耗削減）優(yōu)良Better最優(yōu)Best最優(yōu)Best Domestic Water Reductions（家用水削減）最優(yōu)Best最優(yōu)Best最優(yōu)BestAutomobile Use Reductions（機(jī)動(dòng)車削減）優(yōu)良Better優(yōu)良Better最優(yōu)BetterPublic Realm Energy Reductions （公共場所耗能雪健）最優(yōu)Best優(yōu)良Better優(yōu)良BetterRenewable Energy Additions （可再生能源增加）佳Good佳Goo

18、d佳Good總體組合比較Master Program Comparisons不同專題項(xiàng)目的碳削減總體碳排放削減比例總體組合比較Master Program Comparisons組合A組合B組合C陸地吸收的碳排放水體污染物削減雨水徑流削減用水削減車輛行駛里程削減總體碳排放削減非移動(dòng)源碳排放能源削減與基準(zhǔn)情景相比的削減比例SSIM模型：組合綜合比較SSIM Modeling: Program Performance組合效果比較資源足跡成本足跡車輛行駛里程雨水徑流用水量碳排放氣體能源電力能源SSIM模型：碳排放SSIM Modeling: Carbon Emissions總體碳排放量包括移動(dòng)源僅包

19、括非移動(dòng)源百萬噸二氧化碳當(dāng)量（年）基準(zhǔn)組合A組合B組合C目標(biāo)Target碳足跡定位Carbon Footprint Targeting碳削減成果和目標(biāo)不同組合碳消減獨(dú)立風(fēng)能電廠獨(dú)立日光能電廠碳吸收Solar FarmWind FarmForestry (Sequestration)碳足跡定位Carbon Footprint Targeting風(fēng)力發(fā)電場太陽能電場森林碳吸收開發(fā)成本影響B(tài)uilding Cost Impacts 不同方案的可持續(xù)措施的增加成本聯(lián)排別墅低層公寓低層混合中層塔樓1中層塔樓2零售工業(yè)低層商業(yè)中層商業(yè)高層商業(yè)混合使用Increased Cost per Residenti

20、al DwellingBaseline Plan基準(zhǔn)規(guī)劃Adjusted Plan調(diào)整規(guī)劃% Improv改善比例%Residential Cost住宅成本Comm. Cost商業(yè)成本Master DeveloperCost 開發(fā)成本Res Bldg Energy 住宅建筑能源24,850 KWhr11,200KWhr55%Non-Res Bldg Energy 商業(yè)建筑能源457,700 KWhr294,500KWhr36%Domestic Water 生活用水2,900AC FT yr980AC FT yr66%Transp. VMT車輛行駛里程559,180,000VMT yr489,282,500VMT y