1、2014高考英語閱讀理解沖刺滿分訓(xùn)練（20）閱讀理解A A caring mother is the single most important factor in Preventing teenagers from abusing(濫用)drugs and alcohol，researchers said on Friday. An international study showed that teenagers living with both parents are less likely to suffer from alcohol and drug problems，and a s

2、trong maternal bond is the most effective way to fight against them. “These findings suggest that living with both parents may prevent drug use.”said Dr.McArdle，of Newcastle University in northern England,who led the study.“They also suggest that attachment(感情眷念)，particularly to mothers，is a more ef

3、fective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.”The report,which is published in the journal Addiction,involved nearly 4,000 teenagers in England, Ireland, Italy，Germany and the Netherlands.They were questioned about their use of several kinds of drugs and alcohol.The teenagers

4、 also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents and grandparents,how well they were supervised(監(jiān)護(hù))after school and whether they were allowed to meet friends at home. “Both the quality of family relationships and the structure of families have significant influences on yout

5、h drug use,”McArdle said in a statement.But he added a strong maternal bond offered the greatest protection against developing drug habits.The rate of drug abuse among teenagers living with both parents and who had a good relationship with their mother was 16.6 percent.If either factor was missing ,

6、the drug abuse rate rose to 32 percentMore than 42 percent of teenagers living in one parent families who did not have a strong bond with their mother used drugs Drug prevention campaigns in British schools and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol but McArdle said no on

7、e is dealing with the problem of their parents responsibility.1.The phrase“maternal bond”refers to_A.the education of mothers B.the supervision of mothers on children C. whether the mother uses drugsD.the guidance of schools on mothers 答案解析：答案為B。本題為詞義推斷題，考生需結(jié)合上下文才能解答此題。從第一段最后一句話 “and a strong matern

8、al bond is the most effective way to fight against them.”和第二段Dr.McArdle講的第二句話 “They also suggest that attachment(感情眷念)，particularly to mothers，is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.”可以推斷出來，“maternal bond” 指的是 “母親對孩子的管束”。2.According to McArdle,which is most

9、likely to have the drug abuse problem?A.16-year-old Tom from a happy big family B.17-year-old Kate supervised by her single motherC.18-year-old Juliet living with her single fatherD.19-year-old Mark cared by his parents.答案解析：答案為C。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。注意題干所問的是 “在McArdle看來，哪種情況的青少年最有可能吸毒？” 從第二段Dr.McArdle講的第一句話 “T

10、hese findings suggest that living with both parents may prevent drug use.”可知A、D選項不可選；從Dr.McArdle講的第二句話 “They also suggest that attachment(感情眷念)，particularly to mothers，is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.” 可知B選項不可選；只有C選項 “和單身父親一起生活的Juliet” 最有可能吸毒。故答案為C。3W

11、hich of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Teenagers with both parents wont have the drug use problem.B.Teenagers from several countries filled in the questionnaire.C.Teenagers were asked about their relationship with parentsD.Teenagers in British schools are warned against drugs abuse.

12、答案解析：答案為A。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。從第二段 “involved nearly 4,000 teenagers in England, Ireland, Italy，Germany and the Netherlands.”可知B選項被提到了；從第二段最后一句話 “The teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents and grandparents,”可知C選項被提到了；從最后一段 “Drug prevention campaigns in British schools

13、and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol”可知D 選項也被提到了。故答案為A。4.The last paragraph suggests that_.A.schools should answer for the drug problem B.television and media are to blameC.parents and the society are responsible for the drug problem D.mothers are the cause of youth

14、 drug use答案解析：答案為C。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。從最后一段 “but McArdle said no one is dealing with the problem of their parents responsibility.”可知，答案為C。Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the worlds environment. Remote from major sources of pol

15、lution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warn

16、ing sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the heal

17、th of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet a concern they believe the world at large should share.The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by

18、an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be r

19、educed to a sparse cluster of island.While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, t

20、hese valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds

21、that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scienti

22、sts believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.1.What is the best title for this passage?A Antarctica and environmental Problems.Antarctica: Earths Ear

23、ly-Warning station.C Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post.D Antarctica: a Mysterious Place.2.What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?A The western part of the continent would be disappeared.The western part of the continent would be reduced.C The western part of the con

24、tinent would become scattered Islands.D The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.3.Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?A Vicious wind blasts the snow away.It rarely snows.C Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.D Sand dunes.4.Which of the following is tr

25、ue?A The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.C The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant.D The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.Vocabulary1.distant-early-warning sensor 遠(yuǎn)距離早期報警傳感器2.plateau 高原，高地3.slash 揮砍4.blast 一陣疾風(fēng)/狂風(fēng)5.vicious 邪惡的

26、，兇魔般的6.gorge 峽谷7.ripple 起伏，使起微波8.sand dune 沙丘9.verdant 綠色10.extraterrestrial 地球之外的11.aura 氣氛難句譯注1.Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】see as 把看作。Where定

27、從修飾Antarctic。【參考譯文】因此，越來越多的科學(xué)家把南極洲視為一個遠(yuǎn)距離早期報警敏感器，在那里地球許多潛在的危險動向早在它們出現(xiàn)于北方以前就能發(fā)現(xiàn)。2.The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountain東指的使印度正南的這一部分。或山移動的那部分洲。3.an aura of extraterrestrial desolation應(yīng)譯為：與地球格格不入的一種荒涼隔絕的氣氛。或與世隔絕的一種荒涼氣氛。寫作方法與文章大意這是一篇有關(guān)南極洲科研考察的重要性的科普文章。采用因果，點(diǎn)面結(jié)合寫法。首先提出：由于南極洲遠(yuǎn)離污染，又不同于其它

28、任何地方，普遍存在著復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境，所以這塊地方就可能得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學(xué)測量結(jié)果。它成了監(jiān)察世界環(huán)境變化的觀察哨和空間站，后面幾段就寫了進(jìn)行考察的方面和結(jié)果。答案詳解1.A 南極洲和環(huán)境問題。B. 南極洲：地球最早的報警戰(zhàn)。C.南極洲：獨(dú)一無二的觀察哨。D. 南極洲：神秘的地方。三項都是總內(nèi)容眾的組成部分。2.D 大陸西部成為一群島嶼。第三段“橫斷南極的山脈，有的高達(dá)一萬四千多英尺，把這大陸分成情況各異的兩個地區(qū)。山脈以東的大陸部分是由差不多兩英里厚的冰層覆蓋的高原；山脈以西，即美洲以南的半個大陸也為冰層所覆蓋。可是，這里冰層覆蓋在大大低于海平面的巖石。如果西南極洲冰層消失，那這大

29、陸西部將成為稀疏的島群。”A. 大陸西部將小時。B. 大陸西部縮小。 D. 大陸西部將成為分散的島嶼。3.C 因為地球變暖和狂風(fēng)勁吹。在第四段：“這些干谷甚至在寒冬季節(jié)也很少有冰雪。它們插在南維多利亞陸地的山脈中，一度曾有從極地高原到羅斯海的深度為9000英尺的冰河。現(xiàn)在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一萬年間地球變暖的結(jié)果。即使落入干谷的雪也被從極地高原咆哮入海的邪惡狂風(fēng)吹散了。留下來的是裸露的壯觀的峽谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被時速一百英里的大風(fēng)雕刻成奇形怪狀的大礫石，形成與世隔絕的荒涼景象。”A. 邪惡的狂風(fēng)吹走了雪。B. 它很少下雪。D.沙丘。這三項只是干谷現(xiàn)象的一部分。4.C 他們可能為地球

30、上綠色地區(qū)帶來了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句“盡管干谷具有神秘的一面，科學(xué)家卻相信他們可能為地球上蔥綠的地方帶來了希望的信息。”A.干谷內(nèi)什么都沒有留下。B. 干谷內(nèi)從沒有冰河。D. 按照科學(xué)家的看法，干谷毫無用處。閱讀理解BDear Santa Claus,My name is Amy. I am 9 years old. I have a problem at school. Can you help me, Santa? Kids laugh at me because of the way I walk and run and talk. I have cerebral palsy.

31、 I just want one day where no one laughs at me or makes fun of me. love, Amy At radio station WJLT in Fort Wayne, Indiana, letters poured in for the Christmas Wish Contest. When Amys letter arrived at the radio station, manager Lee Tobin read it carefully. He thought it would be good for the people

32、in Fort Wayne to hear about this special third grader and her unusual wish. Mr. Tobin called up the local newspaper.The next day, a picture of Amy and her letter to Santa made the front page of the News Sentinel. The story spread quickly. All across the country, newspapers and radio and television s

33、tations reported the story of the little girl in Fort Wayne, Indiana, who asked for such a simple, yet remarkable, Christmas gift just one day without teasing. Suddenly the postman was a regular at the Hagadorn house. Envelopes of all sizes addressed to Amy arrived daily from children and adults all

34、 across the nation. They came filled with holiday greetings and words of encouragement. Some of the writers had disabilities; some had been teased as children. Each writer had a special message for Amy. Through the cards and letters from strangers, Amy glimpsed a world full of people who truly cared

35、 about each other.Many people thanked Amy for being brave enough to speak up. Others encouraged her to ignore teasing and to carry her head high. Amy did get her wish of a special day without teasing at South Wayne High School. Teachers and students talked together about how bad teasing can make oth

36、ers feel. That year, the Fort Wayne mayor officially proclaimed December 21st as Amy Jo Hagadorn Day throughout the city. The mayor explained that by daring to make such a simple wish, Amy taught a universal lesson. Everyone, said the mayor, wants and deserves to be treated with respect, dignity and

37、 warmth.1.Amys letter showed that_.A.her schoolmates cannot understand her disabilityB.her school isnt a good place for students like herC.she is often ignored in and out of classD.she wanted to win Christmas Wish Contest答案解析：答案為A。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。從Amy的信中 “Kids laugh at me because of the way I walk and run and talk. I have cerebral palsy.”可以知道，Amy 的同學(xué)嘲笑她走路和跑步的方式，由此可以推斷Amy 是殘疾人。故答案為A。2.The postman was a regular at the Hagadorn house because _. A.he went to encourage Amy frequently B. he was quite cu