1、句子1. 句子成分：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語2. 按交際功能分：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句3.按句子結構分：簡單句、并列句、復合句1A句子成分1：主語主語是一個句子所述說的主體。主語的位置一般在句首。英語中主語一般不省略。The boy comes from America.名詞作主語He usually went to school alone.代詞作賓語2AStudying English is very important.動名詞短語作主語To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.不定式短語作主語That he won the

2、prize excited everyone.主語從句作主語It is important for us to have our dreams.It 作形式主語，to have our dreams 不定式短語作真正的賓語句子成分1：主語3AIt is obvious that he was wrong.It 作形式主語，that he was wrong 主語從句作真正的主語。8. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. Its no use doing sth. 做某事是沒用的spill spilt spilt (使) 灑出，溢出覆水難收。It 作

3、形式主語，crying over the spilt milk 動名詞短語作真正的主語。句子成分1：主語4AHave a tryTranslate the sentences into Chinese.沒什么是不可能的。Nothing is impossible. (不定代詞作主語)2. 抱怨是沒用的。Complaining is useless. (動名詞作主語）It is no use complaining. (it 作形式主語，complaining 動名詞作真正主語）5AHave a tryTranslate the sentences into Chinese.3. 怎么減少我們的

4、壓力是個問題。How to reduce our stress is a question.(主語從句作主語）我們立刻解決這個問題是件緊急的事。Its urgent that we solve the problem right now.(it 作形式主語， that 引導主語從句）6AHave a tryTranslate the sentences into Chinese.6. 迎接新世紀的挑戰很重要。Its necessary for us to meet the challenge of the new century. (it 作形式主語，不定式短語做真正主語）7A句子成分2：謂語

5、謂語說明主語的動作、狀態或特征。謂語由動詞或動詞短語充當，或者由“系動詞+表語”構成。謂語的位置一般出現在主語之后。 動詞分為：實義動詞、助動詞、系動詞和情態動詞。1. 實義動詞為行為動詞。它是表示動作或狀態的動詞，能單獨做謂語。進一步可以分為及物動詞(如believe, lend, make, win等）和不及物動詞(如happen, sleep, work等）。8A句子成分2：謂語2. 系動詞：系動詞本身有意思，但不能單獨做謂語，后面必須跟表語，構成系表結構說明主語的狀況、性質、特征等。包括：be 動詞感官系動詞：feel, look, smell, sound, taste 等變化系動詞

6、：become, grow, turn, get, go 持續性系動詞：keep, remain, stay表“像”系動詞：seem, appear, look終止性系動詞：prove, turn out 9A句子成分2：謂語3. 助動詞：have, be, do 等。 助動詞一般沒有意義，不能單獨做謂語。助動詞的作用主要幫助構成各種時態、語態、否定句和疑問句。如：He is waiting for the bus. He has made up his mind. Do you love me?4. 情態動詞：can, could, may, might, must, should, nee

7、d, have to, ought to, dare等10A句子成分2：謂語練習：His parents are teachers. 系動詞+表語 2. The sun rises in the east. 實義動詞（不及物動詞）We have finished reading the book. 助動詞+動詞過去分詞11A句子成分2：謂語練習：4. You ought to work harder. 情態動詞+動詞原形I felt cold. 系動詞+表語6. He doesnt like music. 助動詞+動詞原形12A句子成分3：賓語賓語是動詞的動作對象。一般由名詞、賓格代詞，或相當

8、于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當（包括不定式、動名詞還有賓語從句）。賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語。I will graduate from LTP. 介詞+賓語I like coffee. 動詞+賓語Im afraid that I will fail the exam. 形容詞+賓語13A句子成分3：賓語練習：He has never met her in person. 賓格代詞She handed him a book. him 賓格代詞作間接賓語，a book 名詞作直接賓語。He likes to play basketball. 不定式短語作賓語14A句子成分3：賓語練習：We enjoy

9、 listening to the music. 動名詞短語作賓語She said that she felt sick. 賓語從句作賓語They sent the injured to hospital. 名詞化的形容詞作賓語又如：the old, the young 15A句子成分3：賓語練習：I find it impossible to believe her any longer. it 作形式賓語，不定式短語作真正的賓語We consider it no good getting up late. it 作形式賓語，動名詞短語作真正的賓語They believed it stran

10、ge that he should have done that. it 作形式賓語，賓語從句作真正的賓語 16AHave a tryTranslate the sentences into Chinese.我覺得游泳令我感到輕松。I find swimming very relaxing. (動名詞作賓語）2. 我覺得學英語很重要。I think that learning English is important. (that 引導賓語從句，作賓語）I consider it important to learn English. （it 作形式賓語，to learn English 不定

11、式短語作真正賓語）17AHave a tryTranslate the sentences into Chinese.3. 我們覺得在2008年奧運會成為志愿者是很有意義的。We think (that) it was meaningful to become volunteers in the 2008 Olympic Games.(that 引導賓語從句，作賓語）We think it meaningful that we became volunteers in the 2008 Olympic Games.(it 作形式賓語，that 引導賓語從句作真正賓語）18A 句子成分II：表語

12、/定語/狀語/補19A一、表語 系動詞是表示人或事物狀態、性質的動詞, 如: be, get, sound, look, seem, feel等。系動詞后 面的部分叫表語。作表語的典型詞類是形容詞, 也可以名詞、數詞、極少數副詞(如here, there)、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、表語從句等。系動詞與表語共同構成謂語, 說明主語的狀態、性質等。20A練習：請找出下列句子的表語并指出表語是由什么來充當的(名詞、數詞、形容詞、介詞, 不定式, 分詞, 還是表語從句)。1. My wallet is on the desk. ( _ )2. The book isnt mine. ( _ )mine

13、,名詞性物主代詞。on the desk, 介詞短語。21A3. The leaves turn yellow in fall. ( _ )4. He has become a police officer. ( _ ) a police officer, 名詞。yellow ,形容詞。22A5. My suggestion is that we should start at once. ( _ )6. My suggestion is to leave at once. ( _ )to leave at once, 不定式短語。that we should start at once. 表

14、語從句。23A7. His speech was boring. ( _ )8. The whole class got excited at the good news. ( _ )excited, 過去分詞。boring, 現在分詞。24A二、定語 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞, 起限定作用。作定語的典型詞類是形容詞和形容詞性物主代詞, 也可以是數詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞、定語從句等。定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾復合不定代詞(如something)時, 或者是短語或定語從句作定語, 則總是放在所修飾名詞的后邊。25A練習：請找出下列句子的定語并指出定語是由什么充當(形容詞、形容詞性代詞、數

15、詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞還是定語從句)1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.( _ ) beautiful, 形容詞; many, 數詞。 26A2. The wallet on the desk is mine. ( _ )3. The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work. ( _ )demanding,現在分詞; my,形容詞性代詞。on the desk, 介詞短語。27A4. That building being repaired is our librar

16、y.( _ ) 5. He is one of the students that have been late.( _ ) being repaired, 現在分詞短語; our, 形容詞性代詞。one, 數詞; that have been late, 定語從句28A6. The excited boys burst into cheers. ( _ )7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work. ( _ )woman, 名詞; good, 形容詞。excited, 過去分詞。29A補充名詞作定語：pocket money

17、 零用錢; alarm clock 鬧鐘；sports car 跑車不定式作定語：I have a lot of homework to do.Thats the way to do it. 介詞短語：Its a map of China. 30A三、狀語 狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞, 或整個句子。一般表示行為發生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等, 作狀語的典型詞類是副詞, 也可以是介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句等。31A練習：請找出下列句子的狀語并指出狀語是由什么充當(副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句)。1. He did his homework carefully at ho

18、me. ( _ )carefully,副詞; at home, 介詞詞組。32Ato do some shopping不定式作目的狀語; on Sunday介詞短語表時間。2. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. ( _ )33A3. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. ( _ )4. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper. ( _ )Feeling tired, 現在分詞短語表原因; without supper, 介詞短語

19、表方式。When I grow up, 時間狀語從句。34A5. He lost his job due to his lack of patience.( _ ) 6. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life. ( _ ) Brought up in the country, 過去分詞短語表原因。due to his lack of patience介詞短語表原因。35A四、補足語 補充說明主語的稱為主語補足語; 補充說明賓語的稱為賓語補足語。作補足語的典型詞類是形容詞, 也可以是名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞等。36A練習：請找出下列句子的賓語補足語并指出它是由什么充當的(名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞)。1. They ele