1、一、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句基本構(gòu)成 1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介詞+which/whom。 （1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. （2）The city in which she lives is far away. （3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意：當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。 2.關(guān)系副詞when，where，why可

2、用“介詞which”來代替。關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞。其中when=表時(shí)間的介詞（如：in，at,on,during等）+which；Where=表地點(diǎn)的介詞（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介詞（如：for）+which (1)當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間，定語從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞which來代替關(guān)系副詞when。 I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when) (2)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞where

3、引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞which來代替關(guān)系副詞where。 This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where) (3)當(dāng)先行詞為reason，定語從句中缺少表示原因狀語時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可以用for which來代替關(guān)系副詞why。There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)3、whose可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型。They live in a house, whose door o

4、pens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.真題解析：(2012.鹽城)By around 900 AD, there were many places in Northern Europe _ the Vikings chose to live.A. in which B. when C. which D. at whichA： step1:確定先行詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)是pl

5、aces，“in Northern Europe”作地點(diǎn)狀語修飾“places”且根據(jù)文意不是定語從句修飾的對象。 step2: 將先行詞代入定語從句，“the Vikings chose to live in places”，所以定語從句缺少狀語成分 解題步驟： step1：分析先行詞（人or物）step2: 將先行詞代入從句中（判斷其作什么成分）介詞的選擇一、看搭配a). 介詞和先行詞的搭配例：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.The year is the unit of time in which t

6、he earth makes one trip around the sun. b). 從句中固定短語的習(xí)慣性搭配例：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?若介詞放在后面的時(shí)候關(guān)系代詞可以用that代替或者省略特例：look into/after /for ;think of ;speak of ;laugh at 短語中的介詞不能移到關(guān)系代詞前例：This is the watch which youre looking for. This is the question which i thought of yesterday二、看關(guān)

7、系a). 先后，因果關(guān)系The boys parents are both out of work, as a result of which he has to get help from a charity. I listen and speak English every day, by means of which my English has improved a lot. He might be still sleeping, in which case we have to go without him. He spends most of his time studying,

8、the aim of which is to enable him to go to a famous university next year. b). 所屬關(guān)系介詞前可以是some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞There are 30 girl students in my class, only one of whom is beautiful.He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to himIn the basket t

9、here are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (08湖南31)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _are beyond our control. A most of them B most of which C most of what D most of that Key: B練習(xí)：1. John, _ money is no problem, still leads a simple life. A. for whose B

10、. of whose C. of whom D. for whom2. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 3. Why not try another way _ you may do your experiment better and more quickly? A. on which B. where C. in which D. by which 4. By ni

11、ne oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 5. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of whic

12、h D. from which 6. Examination compositions, together with most business letters and government reports, are the main situations _ formal language is used. A. in which B. on which C. of which D. for which二、定語從句的其他用法：1、以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。如：The way (that/in which ) he answ

13、ered the questions was surprising.他回答這些問題的方式令人驚奇。 I dont like the way (that/in which)you laugh at her.我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。2、先行詞是time時(shí)，若time作“次數(shù)”是，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，則應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that，that可以省略；若time作“一段時(shí)間/時(shí)代”講，且在從句中作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞when或介詞at/during+which。 It is the first time (that) Mr.Smith has visited China.There was a time wh

14、en there were no radios, no telephone or no TV sets.練習(xí)：This is the first time _ he has been here. A. that B. when C. at which D. which I don't like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 答案：AA3. 判斷定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1 one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 +復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 如： He is

15、 one of the students who work hard 他是學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生之一。（who指先行詞the students）2 the (only) one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞 如: He is the (only) one of the students who goes abroad 他是學(xué)生中唯一出國的。（who指先行詞the only one of the students）The Great Wall is the (only) one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the mo

16、on.長城是地球上唯一一個(gè)可以從月球上看到的建筑物. (that 指先行詞 the only one of the buildings)注意: not the only one of = only one of 如:Tom is not the only one of the boys who have passed the exam.= Tom is only one of the boys who have passed the exam通過考試的男孩,湯姆并非唯一.=湯姆只是通過考試的男孩中的一個(gè).三、總結(jié)重點(diǎn)掌握介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1、當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用

17、which或whom，并且不能省略；在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句的末尾時(shí)，可用that或which，that或whom或who作介詞的賓語，而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。2、根據(jù)句意或者固定搭配確定相應(yīng)的介詞。1. This is the gun _ _ the hunter shot the antelope.2. The athletes _ _ he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic.3. Hell never forget the day _ _ he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time. 4. The musicians _ _ we have great interest toured Europe with us.5. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.6. I