1、非謂語動詞 語法講解Wuxun High School非謂語動詞的類型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 動名詞動名詞Participle 分詞分詞Structure : to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative (否定否定): not to doPassive voice:(1). 主語主語 Subject不定式作主語時不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后往往放在謂語之后,用用it作形式主語作形式主語.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.I

2、t is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night1.吸煙對你來說是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共進晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成這項工程只花了二年時間。鞏固練習1(2). 表語表語 PredicativeMy jo

3、bisYour task _(努力學習努力學習).is to study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 賓語賓語 Object常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.+ to dolike to domanage to dothink considerfind make feel形

4、式賓語形式賓語4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我決定不留下來。I decided not to stay.6.學生們認為玩電腦游戲很有趣。Students thought_.7.她覺得沒有沒有必要和他辯論。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 鞏固練習2The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 賓補賓補 Complemen

5、t五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二聽二聽 listen to hear一感覺一感覺: feel當遇到下列動詞時當遇到下列動詞時,不定式省略不定式省略to: allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等等. 醫生建議他去南方醫生建議他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.sb to doI made him do his work.He _

6、by me.See sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改錯: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work(5). 定語定語 Attributive (如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞則不定式中要有介詞.)He is looking for_.（一間可以住的房子）Ther

7、e is nothing_.*我想要幾本書在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about t

8、he Olympics 2008.（沒有什么可擔心的沒有什么可擔心的）a room to live inI came here .He got up early to catch the train.(6) 狀語狀語 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表結果表結果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto, tooto, only to, etc.He lifted a rock only to drop

9、 it on his own feet.1._ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21題鞏固練習2翻譯：1935年,他離開家再也沒回來。In 1935 he left home never to return.1. 作主語作主語2. 作表語作表語3. 作賓語作賓語4. 作賓語補足語作賓語補足語5. 作定語作定語6. 作狀語作狀語在句中承擔的成分在句中承擔的成分:主動語態主動語態被動語態被動語態進行式進行式完成式完成式完

10、成進行式完成進行式Tense and Voice （時態與語態） to be doing to have done to have been done - to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示與謂語的動作同時一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/ /發生在它之后發生在它之后.).)( (在謂語動詞發生的同時在謂語動詞發生的同時, ,不定式的動作也正在進行不定式的動作也正在

11、進行) )( (完成式表示動作發生在謂語動作之前完成式表示動作發生在謂語動作之前) )1.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told鞏固練習33. Charles Babba

12、ge is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weavewho, which, when, how, what,whom,whether who, which,

13、 when, how, what,whom,whether 等連用，等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語等。在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語等。我不知道是否要接受邀請。我不知道是否要接受邀請。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(賓語賓語)How to solve the problem is very important.(主語主語)如何解決這個問題很重要如何解決這個問題很重要。我的問題是什么時候開始。我的問題是什么時候開始。My question is when to start.( (表語表語) )不

14、定式與疑問詞連用不定式與疑問詞連用:關于省略關于省略 (1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現過不定式中的動詞上文已出現過,下文要下文要 省略該動詞省略該動詞. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? (2). 不定式是不定式是to be 結構結構, be 不可省不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? A. Id like to B.Id like to go Yes, _.A.Id like to be. B. Id like to.Yes,_.1. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but

15、 its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to鞏固練習4不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時后時,如如果這些介詞前有行為動詞果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式的各種形式,那么那么介詞后的不定式不帶介詞后的不定式不帶to, 相反則帶相反

16、則帶to.v(1). She could do nothing but _ .(cry)v(2). I have no choice but_. (go)v(3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep)cryto goto dosleep (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat

17、3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told 1. (MET92 14) -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. tr

18、ying to go C. to try and go D. try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (MET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding4. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being c

19、leaned 3. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海上海14) A.to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 5. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have

20、 been studying6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. The mot

21、her didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A.learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to

22、turn it off D. having turned it off11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 12. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects1

23、3. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to makeAssignment:1.Review what we have learned about infinitive.2.Do all the exercise in the paper.不定式作定語時

24、，應放在不定式作定語時，應放在被修飾詞的后面被修飾詞的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定語之后。且放在其他后置定語之后。1. 不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種三種關系：關系：v(1)動賓關系動賓關系 vI have a lot of work to do. v(2)主謂關系主謂關系 vHe is always the first to come. v(3)同位關系同位關系vWe all have a chance to go to college.vhad better+ (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事vWhy (not) do sth.

25、?vprefer to do/prefer doingvprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bvprefer + to do A rather than (to) do Bvwould rather (not) do sth.vwould rather do A than (do) Bvwould rather + 句子（過去式）句子（過去式）v （虛擬語氣）（虛擬語氣） 要做要做注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法v*在在the first, the second，the last和和only之后，只能用之后，只能用to do。 如：He

26、 was the last to leave the classroom v*如果如果understand，realize, know用在用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用后，只能用to do。 如：I began to understand the truthv*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用而用in order not to do或或so as not to do。 如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the wi

27、ndow ()Not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seenv*so as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。 ()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning1.My teacher was m

28、ade _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.B.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.C.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Empe

29、ror ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.B.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn i

30、t off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very

31、 good _.B.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.B.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be

32、finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?C.to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.B.beg B. b

33、egging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.C.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologie

34、s is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whe

35、ther they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while

36、 she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,

37、but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have

38、 gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob t

39、urned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to makev1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. v2.I want to see you.v3.I want him to see you. v4.My hope is to see you.v5.He is the man to

40、 see you.v6.Im glad to see you.v7.I went to see you.v8.He went so early as to see youv9. To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.v10. How to solve this problem is very important.（作主語）（作主語）(作賓語）作賓語）（作賓補）（作賓補）(作表語）作表語）（作定語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結果狀語）（作結果狀語）獨立成分獨立成分和疑問詞連用和疑問詞連用Gerund一

41、一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing二二. 時態和語態時態和語態主動語態被動語態ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving made(不作定語）不作定語）being madehaving been made(不作定語不作定語三三. 在句中承擔的成分在句中承擔的成分:1. 作主語作主語2. 作賓語作賓語3. 作定語作定語4. 作表語作表語Collecting information is very important to business.1.作主語作主語:Seeing is believing. e.g. -What made him

42、so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match.A.Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. LosingKey : _DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappyv對著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒用的。vCrying over the spilt milk is no use.vIt is no use crying over the spilt milk.v類似的還有：vIt is no good doing sth.v

43、It is no use doing sth.I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作賓語作賓語: Vt. Prep.+doing下列動詞通常用下列動詞通常用ing形式作賓語形式作賓語：vadmit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, imagine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, cant help, 等。等。如:1）

44、 你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎? Would you mind my smoking here ? 2）這女孩被告知每天練習三個小時的鋼琴. The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3） Good news keeps coming. 下列下列V.+prep.通常用通常用ing形式作賓語形式作賓語,尤其注意介詞尤其注意介詞tove.g. insist on, prevent from, depend on, feel like, be fond of, succeed in, be proud

45、of, excuse for , apologize for, look forward to, object to , be used to, be opposed to, etc. Prep. 后通常用后通常用ing形式作賓語形式作賓語.ve.g. The boy stood still without _ (dare) to raise his head because of _ (break) a vase.daringhaving brokento do 和doing 的區別:remember to do remember doingforget to do forget doing

46、stop to do stop doinggo on to do go on doingtry to do try doingregret to do regret doing mean to do mean doing注意注意: 動詞如：動詞如： permit ,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider 有不同的用法有不同的用法:vV + sb to do sth & V + doing sthe.g. ：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.Please permit me to introdu

47、ce myself to you firstYou surely cant consider him to be a selfish manMy parents forbid me to stay out after mid-nightI allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.vadvisepermitallowadmitforbidconsider doing sth.e.g. ：v The little boy admitted having broken the glass.vThey shoul

48、dnt allow parking in the street ; its too narrow.vI forbid smoking in my housevWe do not permit smoking in the office3.作表語作表語vMy hobby is collecting stamps and fishing.vHis job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is fishing.動名詞動名詞現在分詞現在分詞4.作定語作定語:va walking stickvA swim

49、ming poolvA sleeping car區別區別The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy動名詞修飾名詞表動名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能示名詞的功能現在分詞修飾名詞表現在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態示該名詞所處的狀態Gerund的邏輯主語的邏輯主語:vTom insisted on coming to the party.vTom insisted on my coming to the party.v我幾乎無法想象我幾乎無法想象peter在五天內橫渡大西洋在五天內橫渡大西洋.vI can hardly imagine Peter

50、 sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.動名詞表示被動意義:v在動詞或詞組need, want, require, be worth, deserve, etc. 后的動名詞表示被動意義:vYour composition needs improving.vYour composition needs to be improved.vThe book is worth reading a second time.vThe book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.非謂語動詞

51、 語法講解Wuxun High School非謂語動詞的類型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 動名詞動名詞Participle 分詞分詞-ing 分詞分詞-ed 分詞分詞 -ing分詞分詞(以以make為例為例 )-ed 分詞分詞主動語態主動語態被動語態被動語態一般式一般式完成式完成式主動語態主動語態被動語態被動語態一般式一般式 完成式完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mademadeXXX分詞在句中承擔的成分分詞在句中承擔的成分:v由于分詞具有由于分詞具有形容詞性和副詞性形容詞性和副詞性,在句在句子中不能充當具有名詞特征的子中

52、不能充當具有名詞特征的主語和主語和賓語賓語. 成份類別主主語語賓語賓語定語定語表語表語補語補語狀語狀語現在分詞 過去分詞 1.作定語作定語-the sun which is rising-ing分詞和分詞和-ed分詞修飾名詞有分詞修飾名詞有前置位前置位&后置位后置位.1. the rising sun 2. He is a retired worker.-He is a worker who has already retired.e.g.v3. The problem bothering us is the lack of money.v4. These are goods impo

53、rted from Japan. 前置位前置位:后置位后置位v- The problem (which is) bothering us is the lack of moneyWhats the difference between -ed and ing participle?-ing分詞表示分詞表示“進行進行” -ed分詞表示分詞表示“完成完成”-ing分詞表示分詞表示“主動主動”-ed分詞表示分詞表示 “被動被動”主動主動進行進行被動被動完成完成在時態上在時態上:在語態上在語態上:- These are goods (which were) imported from Japan. E

54、xercises : vThe _(work) people have played a great role in the activity. vI dont like _(can) food , I prefer something fresh . workingcannedv1. 站在她媽媽旁邊的那個女孩站在她媽媽旁邊的那個女孩看上去很膽小。看上去很膽小。vThe girl_ by her mother looked very timid. v2. 最近到處最近到處在議論的話題在議論的話題都與都與2008年奧運會有關。年奧運會有關。v vThe topics _ everywhere r

55、ecently is concerned about the Olympics 2008 .who was standingstandingbeing discussedwhich are being discussedWhats the difference?1. The topics being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008. to be discusseddiscussed進行進行完成完成將來將來2. The topics _(discuss) at tomorrows meeting

56、 is concerned about the Olympics 2008.3. The topics _ (discuss) at yesterdays meeting was about the Olympics 2008.鞏固練習一鞏固練習一v用所給動詞的正確形式填空：v1)The man_ (question) in the police station now is a spyv2)A man_ (respect) others will be respectedv3)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference were foreig

57、ners.v4)The matter _(discuss) is very importantv5.被汽車撞傷的小孩被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫院。馬上被送到了醫院。 vThe boy was sent to the hospital immediately.v6.每天給我辦公室送郵件的人給我辦公室送郵件的人是位退休工人是位退休工人.vThe man every day is a retired worker .injured by the cardelivering mails to my officevThe glass is broken.vThe food smells inviti

58、ng .2.作表語作表語vWhat he said sounds_ (convince). vHe was _(interest) in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interest)convincinginterestedinteresting這道菜香味怡人。這道菜香味怡人。Please fill in the blank with the verb given：使信服v類似情況還有：surprising surprised, v exciting excited, v tiring

59、tired , v disappointing disappointed, v encouraging encouraged ，v amazed amazing , v bored boring , v pleasing pleased, v astonishing astonished. v-ed 分詞分詞vSb. + Link.v + -ed分詞分詞v-ing分詞分詞 vSth. + Link.v + -ing分詞分詞 人的感覺人的感覺事物本身的特點事物本身的特點鞏固練習二鞏固練習二v用所給動詞的-ed 或ing形式填空：v1)The journey was quite_(tire)v2)

60、The result of the exam made me _ (disappoint)v3)This was really an _moment(excite)v4)His _look suggested that he didnt understand it(puzzle)v5)He seemed quite _at the idea. (delight)v6)The present situation is _(encourage)vThey caught him cheating in the mid-term examinationvHe was caught cheating in the mi