1、職稱英語理工類 C級-49（總分100,考試時間90分鐘）第1部分：詞匯選項下面每個句子中均由1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意思最接近的選項。1. I can't put up with my n eighbor's no ise any Ion ger, it's driv ing me mad.A. tolerateB.gen erateC. reduceD. measure2. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alon

2、e.A.equalB. immediateC. moderateD. great3. He was rather vague about the reas ons why he n ever fini shed school.A. brightB.un clearC. gen eralD. bad4. I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A. specialB.privateC. gen eralD. good5. Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older peop

3、le.A. pictureB.dan gerC. evide neeD. case6. Our arrangements were thrown *plete turmoil.A. doubtB. reliefC.failureD. con fusi on7. He was weary of the constant battle between them.A. fondB.proudC. tiredD. afraid8. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A. energeticB.freeC.

4、physicalD.regular9. I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A. boringB.origi nalC.humorousD.long10. Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A. attractB.spe ndC.en courageD. require11. He demolished my argument in minutes.A. supportedB. disprovedC.disputedD

5、. accepted12. Many cities have restricted smoking in public places.A. limitedB.allowedC. stoppedD. kept13. The two banks have announced plans to merge nest year.A. combineB.sellC. closeD. break14. The project required ten years of diligent research.A. hardworkingB.socialC. basicD. scie ntific15. He

6、was kept i n appall ing con diti ons in pris on.A. n ecessaryB. terribleC.criticalD. no rmal第2部分：閱讀判斷Europa's Watery un der WorldEuropa, one of Jupiter's 63 known moon s, looks bright and icy on the surface. But appeara nces can be deceiving: Miles within its cracked, frigid shell, Europa pr

7、obably hides giant pools of liquid water. Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well.Since we can't go divi ng into Europa's depths just yet, scie ntists in stead have to in vestigate the moon's surface for clues to what lies beneath. In a new study, scientists in

8、vestigated one group of stra nge ice patter ns on Europa and con cluded that the formatio ns mark the top of an un dergro und pool that holds as much water as the U. S. Great Lakes.Pictures of Europa, which is slightly smallerthan Earth's moon, clearly show a tangled, icymishmash of lines and cr

9、acks known as "chaos terra in s." These chaotic places cover more tha n half of Europa. For more tha n 10 years, scie ntists have won dered what causes the formati ons. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vast un dergro und stores of liquid water with icy material n e

10、ar the surface.For scie ntists who suspect that Europa also may be hidi ng life ben eath its icy surface, the n ews about the new lake is excit ing."It would be great if these lakes harbored life, " Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study, told Science News. "Bu

11、t even if they did n't, they say that Europa is doing something interesting and active right now."Schmidt, a scie ntist at the Uni versity of Texas at Aust in, and her colleagues wan ted to know how chaos terra ins form. Since they could n't rocket to Europa to see for themselves, they

12、searched for similar formations here on Earth. They studied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Those features on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice. The scie ntists now suspect someth ing similar might be happe ning on Europa: that as water and ice o

13、f differe nt temperatures min gle and shift, the surface fractures. This would explain the jumbled ice sculptures."Fracturing catastrophically disrupts the ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves tocollapse on Earth, " Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the proce

14、ss could be caus ing chaos terra ins to form quickly on Europa.The new study suggests that on this moon, eleme nts such as oxyge n from the surface ble nd with the deep bodies of water. That mixture may create an en vir onment that supports life.16. The liquid water of an un dergro und pool of Europ

15、a is estimated to be equivale nt to the waterof the U. S. Great lakes .A. RightB. WrongC. Not men tio ned17. The stra nge ice patter ns on Europa are formed as a result of a mixi ng un dergro und waterpool.A. RightB. WrongC. Not men tio ned18. Europa is the most recently discovered one among Jupiter

16、's 63 known moons.A.RightB. WrongC. Not men tio ned19. The size of Europa is a bit larger than that of Earth's moon.A. RightB.WrongC. Not men ti oned20. Schmidt and her colleagues are the first group of scientists studying Europa.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mention ed21. The formatio ns on Europa&

17、#39;s surface are rather unique in the uni verse.A. RightB.WrongC. Not men ti oned22. The existenee of liquid water is a necessity for a life-supportA. RightB.WrongC. Not men ti oned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子Natural Gas1. Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep ben eath the earth's surface. It is a fos

18、sil fuel, meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago. The *p onent of n atural gas is metha ne.2. The popularity and use of clea n n atural gas has in creased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeli ne in frastructure has bee n in stalled to deli

19、ver it convenien tly and econo mically to millio nsof reside ntial, commercial and in dustrial customers worldwide. Today, n atural gas services available in all 50 states in the U.S., and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries. More than 65 million American homes use

20、 natural gas. In fact, natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs, costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heating homes, much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manu facture a wide variety of products, from paint to fibers for clo

21、th ing, to plastics for healthcare, computing and furnishings. Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.3. Natural gas is one of the safest and clea nest fuels available. It emits less pollutio n tha n otherfossil fuel sources. When n atural gas is

22、bur ned, it produces mostly carb on dioxide and water vapour the same substances emitted when humans exhale. Compared with some other fossil fuels, n atural gas emits the least amount of carb on dioxide into the air *busted, making n atural gas the clea nest bur ning fossil fuel of all.4. The Un ite

23、d States con sumes about on e-third of the world's n atural gas output, making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world. The U.S. Department of Energy Information Admi nistrati on forecasts that n atural gas dema nd will grow by more tha n 50 perce nt by 2025.5. There are huge reserves o

24、f n atural gas ben eath the earth's surface. The largest reserves of n atural gas can be found in Russia, West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG has bee n produced domestically and imported in the Un ited States for more tha n four decades. Today, the leadi ng imports of LNG are Japa n,

25、Korea, France and Spai n.23. Paragraph 2. A. Popularity and use of n atural gasB. Natural gas reservesand supply C. Natural gas pricesD. Clea n fuel of choice E. Disadva ntagesof n atural gasF. Natural gas con sumpti on24. Paragraph3.25. Paragraph4.26. Paragraph5.27. Natural gas is stored deep. A. o

26、ver the past 50 yearsB. ben eath theearth's surface C. by more than 50 percentD. for more than four decadesE. as a raw materialF. for home en ergy n eeds28. Natural gas is recog ni zed as the most econo mical en ergy source.29. When manu facturi ng many products, *m only use n atural gas.30.

27、 It is estimated that by 2025 that n atural gas dema nd in the Un ited States will in crease.第4部分：閱讀理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。第一篇How the First Stars in the Un iverse Came into Existe neeHow the first stars formed from this dust and gas has bee n a bur ning questi on for years, but a state-of-the- *puter s

28、imulatio n now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the uni verse came into existe nee, researchers say.*positi on of the early uni verse was quite differe nt from that of today, and the physics that gover ned the early uni verse were also somewhat simpler. Dr. Naoki Yosh

29、ida and colleagues in Japa n and the U.S. in corporated these con diti ons of the early uni verse, sometimes referred to as the "cosmic dark ages, " to simulate the formati on of an astr ono mical object that would even tually shine its light into this dark ness.The result is a detailed de

30、scription of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our uni verse, and the researchers' computer simulati on, which has bee n called a "cosmic Rosetta Ston e." sets the bar for further in vestigati on into the star formatio n process. The question

31、of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explosi ons provided the seeds for subseque nt stars to come into being.According to their simulation, gravity acted on minute density variations in matter, gases, and the mysterious "dark matter" of the u

32、ni verse after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one perce nt of our sun. The simulati on reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved un der the simpler physics of the early uni verse to form this protostar. Dr. Yoshida's simul

33、ation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capable of syn thesiz ing heavy eleme nts, not just in later gen eratio ns of stars, but soon after the Big Bang."This geneal picture of star formation, and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in differe nt

34、time periods and regio ns of the uni verse, will even tually allow in vestigati on in to the originsof life and planets," said Lars Hernquist, a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest report. "The abundance of eleme nts in the uni verse has in creased as

35、 stars have accumulated, " he says, "and the formati on and destruct ion of stars continues to spread these eleme nts further across the uni verse. So whe n you thi nk about it, all of the eleme nts in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars, long ago.&q

36、uot;Their simulatio n of the birth of a protostar in the early uni verse sig ni fies a key step toward the ambitious goal of pieci ng together the formati on of an en tire primordial star and of predict ing the mass and properties of these first stars of the uni verse. More *puters, more physical da

37、ta, and an even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations, but these researchers hope to even tually exte nd this simulatio n to the point of nu clear react ion in itiati on-whe n a stellar object becomes a true star."Dr. Yoshida has taken the study of primordial star

38、 formation to a new level with this simulation, but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goal. It is like laying the foundation of a skyscraper, " said Volker Bromm, Assistant Professor of Astronomy at the Uni versity of Texas, Austi n and the author of a compa nion arti

39、cle. "We must con ti nue our studies in this area to understand how the initially tiny protostar grows, layer by layer, to eventually form a massive star. Buthere, the physics become much *plicated and even *putati onal resources are n eeded."31. Accord ing to the first two paragraphs, the

40、 early uni verse.A. was gover ned by simplerphysics B. got fewer stars shinning in it C. started over 13 billi on years ago D. *posed in a way similar to that of today32. What does the state-of-the *puter simulation tell us about?A. How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago. B. How "

41、cosmic dark ages" came into existenee. C. How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang. D. How the first stars came into being after the Big Bang.33. What does the "astr ono mical object "in paragraph 2 refer to?A. cosmic dark ages.B. dustgrains and gases. C. a protostar.D

42、. the early uni verse.34. Accord ing to paragraph 4, what is NOT true about a protostar?A. It developed into a massive star duri ng the Big Bang. B. It evolved from pre-stellar gases. C. It was able to in tegrate heavy eleme nts whe n evolv ing into a massive star. D. It had a mass of one perce nt o

43、f the sun.35. According to the last paragraph, all of the following are goals of the simulation projectEXCEPT .A. to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of theuni verse B. to simulate the process of how the early uni verse bega n C. to apply the simulatio n to the study of nuc

44、lear reaction initiation D. to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar第-二二篇Stude nts Lear n Better with Touchscree n DesksObserve the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world, and a few of the *plai nts are more or less uni versal. Tech no logy moves faster t

45、ha n the educati on system. Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest stude nt rather tha n the fastest. And particularly in the Un ited Statesgrade school childre n as a group don't care much for, or excel at, mathematics. So it's hearte ning to lear n that a new kind of "classroo

46、m of the future" shows promise at mitigat ing some of these problems, start ing with that fun dame ntal piece of classroom furn iture: the desk.AUK study involving roughly 400 students, mostly aged 8-10 years, and a new generation of multi- touch, multi-user, computerized desktop surfaces is sh

47、ow ing that over the last three years the tech no logy has appreciably boosted stude nts' math *pared to peers lear ning the same material via the conventional paper-and-pencil method. How? Through collaboration, mostly, as well as by givi ng teachers better tools by which to microma nage in div

48、idual stude nts who n eed some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Science, Clay Dillow, classroom of the future, education, engineering, math, mathematics, Syn ergy Net Traditi onal in struct ion still shows respectable efficacy at in creas ing stude nt

49、s flue ncy in mathematics, esse ntially through memorizati on and practice dull, repetitive practice. But the researchers have concluded that these new touch screen desks boost both fluency and flexibility the critical thinking skills that allow students to *plex problems not simply through knowing

50、formulas and devices, but by being able to figure out what there all problem is and the most effective means of stripp ing it dow n and solvi ng it.One reas on for this, the researchers say, is the multi-touch aspect of the tech no logy. Stude nts working in the next-gen classroom can work together

51、at the same tabletop, each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group. Known as Synergy Net, the software *puter visi on systems that see in the in frared spectrum to dist in guish betwee n differe nt touches on differe nt parts of the surface, allow ing stude nts to acces

52、s and use tools on the scree n, move objects and visual aids around on their desktops, and otherwise physically in teract with the nu mbers and in formatio n on their scree ns. By using these scree ns collaboratively, the researchers say, the stude nts are to some exte nt teachi ng themselves as tho

53、se with a stron ger grasp on difficult con cepts pull other stude nts forward along with them.36. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system?A. It does not catch up with the developme nt of tech no logy. B. Some *plai nts about it are heard in differe nt countries.

54、C. Many students are not good at learning mathematics. D. Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.37. What has been found after the new tech is employed?A. Students become less active in learning mathematics. B. Students show preferenee to the conventional paper-and-pencilmet

55、hod. C. Teachers are able to give individualized attention to students in no differenee. D. The gap betwee n slow lear ners and fast lear ners gets more no tieeable.38. What is the ben efit stude nt get from the new teeh?A. It makes them more flue nt in public speech. B. It en ables them to develop

56、critical thi nki ng ability. C. It offers them more flexibilityin choos ing courses. D. It is effective in help ing them solve physical problems.39. What happe ns whe n stude nts are using the desktop of the new tech?A. Every stude nt has anin dividual tabletop. B. The multi-touch function stimulate

57、s stude nts. C. The software in stalled automatically ide ntifies differe nt users. D. Stude nts use differe nt tools to in teract with each other.40. How does the new tech work to improve student's mathematical learning?A. It helps fast learners to learn faster. B. It enables them to work toget

58、her. C. It makes teacher's instruction unn ecessary. D. It allows the whole class to lear n at the same pace.第三篇Downl oad Kno wledge Directly to Your BrainFor the first time, researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the brain, using in duced brain patter ns to create a

59、learned behavior. It's not quite as adva need as an in sta nt kung-fu download, and it's not as sleek as cognitive inception, but it's still an important finding that could lead to new teach ing and rehabilitati on tech niq ues.Future therapies could decode the brain activity patter ns of an athlete or a musicia n, and use them as a ben chmark for teach ing ano ther pers on a new activity, accord ing to the researchers.Scie ntists from Bost on Un iversity and ATR Computati onal Neuroscie nee Laboratories in Kyoto used functional