1、Grammar and usage非謂語動詞過去分詞過去分詞不定式不定式-ing 形式形式動名詞動名詞現在分詞現在分詞動名詞（動名詞（Gerund) 動名詞可以起名詞的作用，在句子中動名詞可以起名詞的作用，在句子中作主語作主語，賓賓語語，表語表語和和定語定語。 1. Playing football is my favourite sport.主主語語 2. Our work is serving the people. 表語表語 3. I remember being taken to Wuhan when I was a very small child. 賓語賓語 4. We have

2、a swimming poor in the back yard.定語定語Notes: 1.時態時態和和語態語態及動名詞的復合結構及動名詞的復合結構 2.動名詞與不定式動名詞與不定式作主語作主語，表語表語的區別。的區別。 3.作作賓語賓語時，有些動詞后只能用動名詞，有些時，有些動詞后只能用動名詞，有些動詞后只能用不定式，有的兩者都能動詞后只能用不定式，有的兩者都能,有時含義有時含義相同，有時含義不同。相同，有時含義不同。 4.作作定語定語時，與現在分詞的區別。時，與現在分詞的區別。 主主 動動 被被 動動一一 般般writing being written完完 成成having written

3、 having been written 時態和語態時態和語態 I remember being taken to Wuhan when I was a very small child.（動名詞的一般被動態） She admitted having opened the box.（動名詞的完成被動態） How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden? (MET93 17) (動名詞的復合結構) 動名詞與不定式作主語，表語的區別動名詞與不定式作主語，表語的區別v-ing形式作主語時往往表示一般性的、習慣性的形式作主語時往往表示一般性的

4、、習慣性的動作；而不定式作主語則表示在具體情況下特定動作；而不定式作主語則表示在具體情況下特定的或一次性的動作。但有時可以通用。的或一次性的動作。但有時可以通用。只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞 1.advise, allow, avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, suggest,dislike,appreciate 2.feel like, give up, put off, keep on, loo

5、k forward to ,insist on , cant help ,get used to ,devote to 3.Its useless/no use/no good doing 在在begin, start, continue,intend 等動詞后跟等動詞后跟v-ing形式和不定式作賓語，句子含義相同形式和不定式作賓語，句子含義相同 在在like, love, hate等動詞后等動詞后v-ing形式作賓語形式作賓語時往往表示一般性的、習慣性的動作；而不定時往往表示一般性的、習慣性的動作；而不定式作賓語則表示在具體情況下特定的或一次性式作賓語則表示在具體情況下特定的或一次性的動作。

6、的動作。下列動詞后跟動名詞或不定式意思完全不同。1.remember,forget, regret + doing 記得/忘記/遺憾曾做過某事+ to do記得/忘記/遺憾要做某事2.want,need,require+doing 需要被做+to do 需要做3.stop,try, mean,go ongo on to do 接著又做另一件事/go on doing 繼續做同一件事stop to do 停下來去做某事/stop doing 停止做某事try to do 努力做某事/try doing 試一試做某事mean to do 打算想做某事/mean doing 意味著意思是做某事作定語

7、時，與現在分詞的區別作定語時，與現在分詞的區別 動名詞作定語表名詞的作用或功能，現在分詞作動名詞作定語表名詞的作用或功能，現在分詞作定語表名詞正在進行的動作。定語表名詞正在進行的動作?，F在分詞現在分詞動名詞動名詞a sleeping child一個正在一個正在睡覺的孩子睡覺的孩子a sleeping car一輛臥車一輛臥車a flying bird一只正在飛一只正在飛翔的鳥翔的鳥a flying course飛行課程飛行課程a swimming girl一個正在一個正在游泳的女孩游泳的女孩a swimming pool一個游泳池一個游泳池the running water自來水自來水the r

8、unning track跑道跑道現在分詞現在分詞(present participle) 現在分詞的形式與動名詞相同，但功能不現在分詞的形式與動名詞相同，但功能不同同.可在句中充當定語，表語，狀語和補語可在句中充當定語，表語，狀語和補語。1. 作定語作定語 an interesting book the man sitting by the window boiling water falling snow the bridge being builtA. 與動名詞作定語的區別與動名詞作定語的區別B. 與過去分詞與過去分詞,不定式不定式 作定語的區別作定語的區別過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動

9、賓關系或過去分詞表示的動作以完成?，F在分詞作定語表示動作正在發生，與修飾詞是主謂關系。不定式作定語表示將要發生的動作。the house being built/to be built/built正在被建/將要被建/建好了的房子 boiling water 正在沸騰的水正在沸騰的水 boiled water 開水開水 the changing world 變化中的世界變化中的世界 the changed world 變化了的世界變化了的世界 the developing countries 發展中國家發展中國家 the developed countries 發達國家發達國家 falling

10、leaves 正在落下的葉子正在落下的葉子 fallen leaves 落葉落葉 rising sun 正在升起的太陽正在升起的太陽 risen sun 已經升起的太陽已經升起的太陽 2 作表語作表語 與過去分詞作表語的區別與過去分詞作表語的區別凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。 interesting使人感興趣的interested感興趣的exciting令人激動的excited感到激動的delighting令人高興的delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的 encour

11、aged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費解的puzzled感到費解的satisfying令人滿意的satisfied感到滿意的surprising令人驚異的surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔心的worried感到擔心的旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。Travelling is interesting but tiring.如果要學生學得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。如果要學生學得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn

12、too much.他的論點很令人信服。他的論點很令人信服。The argument is very convincing.3.作狀語作狀語1 .Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.2. Being a student, he was interested in sports.3. Having written the letter, John went to the post office.現在分詞作狀語時，注意如下三點：現在分詞作狀語時，注意如下三點：相當于相應的從句相當于相應的從句分詞的邏輯主語就是全句的主

13、語分詞的邏輯主語就是全句的主語現在分詞作狀語時有不同的時態與語態現在分詞作狀語時有不同的時態與語態4.作補語作補語 Can you get the machine going again? The boys were seen walking on the grass.非謂語動詞的否定式均為非謂語動詞的否定式均為not+非謂語動詞非謂語動詞 一些獨立結構一些獨立結構：1. Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school.2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody.3. _(

14、 tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.speakingJudgingTo tellConsolidationThe verb-ing forms in these sentences are all used as the attribute. Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb-ing form?1). A taxi which is waiting is around the corner. Go and take it. A waiting taxi is

15、 around the corner. Go and take it.2).It is said that nothing that lives can be found on Mars. It is said that no living things can be found on Mars.3).The boy who was smiling ran to his mother. The smiling boy ran to his mother.4).The woman who is coming to dinner this evening works in the bank. Th

16、e woman coming to dinner this evening works in the bank. 5).The young man who is looking at the map is lost. The young man looking at the map is lost.6).The man who is performing in the street can play five musical instruments. The man performing in the street can play five musical instruments. Can

17、you rewrite these sentences ,using clauses introduced by when,after,because,as a result,and if ect.Knowing that there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door. Because he knew that there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door. Having plenty of money, she was able to go an

18、ywhere on holidays. Because she had plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays.Lucy and Lily, looking so alike, are often mistaken for twins. Lucy and Lily, because they look so alike, are often mistaken for twins.The couple went shopping, leaving their eldest daughter alone at home.Th

19、e couple went shopping. As a result, they left their eldest daughter alone at home. Time permitting, I will meet you for lunch. If time permits, I will meet you for lunch. Multiple choice: 1.Where is my passport? I remember it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _it with you all the time.A

20、. to put；to take B. putting；taking C. putting；to take D. to put；taking2.After finishing his homework he went on_a letter to his parents.A. write B. writingC. wrote D. to write 3.Only English doesnt mean_ the language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learningC. learning about；learn D. learning about；

21、learning 4.Would you mind quiet for a moment? Im trying _a form.A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out 5. the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears.A. After hearing B. On hearingC. While hearingD. Having heard 6.Our father often told us in

22、 the past that _is believing. A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to be seen7._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk8.There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed9. It was so col

23、d that they kept the fire _all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned10._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received1. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.(01上海)A. s

24、et up B. setting upC. have set up D. having set up2. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.（01上海A. to have had time B. having timeC. to have time D. to have time3. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.(02上海).A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be wait

25、ing鏈接高考鏈接高考4_ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(03上海).A.The president will attend B.The president to attendC.The president attendedD.The presidents attending5Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.(04 上海) .A. his being not able B. him not to be able

26、C. his not being ableD. him to be not able6. Alice returned from the managers office _me that the boss wanted to see me at once.（04 全國IV）A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling7._ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.(04北京)A. To wait B. Have

27、waited C. Having waited D. To have waited8.The flowers _sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.(04上海)A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt9. The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.(04江蘇)A. to work B. working C. to have wo

28、rked D. having worked10. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket into a passenger.(04春季北京)A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting11. The storm left,_a lot of damage to this area.(05全國 I)A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused12. “You cant catch me!” Janet s

29、houted, _away.(05全國II)A. run B. running C. to run D. ran13. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _the answers ready will be of great help.(05 北京)A.To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having14. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.(05 北京)A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to

30、 go on 15. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.(NMET 03)A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked16. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic games _in Beijing in 2008.(06 四川)A. hold B. holding c. held D. to be held17. My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a f

31、ull basket of fresh fruits.(06 廣東)A. bought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought18. Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.(06山東) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly19. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer c

32、arelessly, always _ the same thing.(06江蘇) A. sayingB. saidC. to say D. having said 20. - There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. - My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. (06江蘇) A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having beenLanguage points:1.disappoint(P29) disappoint Vt. to f

33、ail to satisfy someone or their hopes, desires, etc.; to cause someone to feel unhappy:使失望Im sorry to disappoint you, but Im afraid I cant come after all.We dont want to disappoint the fans.disappointed Adj. unhappy because someone or something was not as good as you hoped or expected, or because so

34、mething did not happen:失望的We were deeply disappointed at/about the result.His parents were bitterly disappointed in/with him.She was disappointed (that) they hadnt phoned.He was disappointed to find theyd already gone.disappointing Adj. making you feel disappointed: 令人失望的What a disappointing result!

35、The response to our advertisement has been somewhat disappointing.disappointedly Adv. 失望地 disappointingly Adv. 令人失望地 disappointment N. 失望失望1） U the feeling of being disappointed:Book early to avoid disappointment.To my (great) disappointment (= sadness), he decided to leave.2 ）C usually singular som

36、ething or someone that is not what you were hoping it would be:The party turned out to be a huge disappointment.Im afraid Ive been rather a disappointment to my parents2.One of the customs officers was watching the arrivals very closely.(P29) closely Adv. in a close manner 接近地，緊密地，嚴密地，密切地listen clos

37、ely=listen carefullyThe two events are closely connected.Cf. close: Adv. leaving little space between, in a close position 位置接近地，無空隙地作副詞時， close 常表示具體的距離的近。 closely常表示抽象意義。類似的還有：deeply, deep; highly, high等。After 20 years of marriage, theyre still deeply in love.The submarine sailed deep under the ic

38、e cap.For our country to remain competitive, we need a highly-skilled, highly-educated workforce.close adj.1. having direct family connections or shared beliefs, support and sympathy:關系接近的，親密的There werent many people at the funeral - just close family/relatives.Mira is one of my closest friends.2. n

39、ot distant in position or time:時間空間等接近Dont get too close to that dog, Rosie.I hate people standing too close to me.As Christmas gets closer, the shops get more and more crowded.Emma looked close to tears (= almost going to cry). 3) having only a small difference:相似，勢均力敵的The election results were so

40、close they had to vote again.He came second in the race, but it was very close.鏈接高考鏈接高考（02北京）北京） It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. A. closeB. closelyC. closedD. closing3.After all, they are limited.(P31)After all 1) in spite of what has been said, done or expected 畢竟，終究The rain has stopped, so the game will go ahead after all.2）it should be remembered 應該記住，別忘了I do like her - after all, she is my sister.all常用短語及搭配：常用短語及搭配：at all 根本，全然Is there any uncertainty at all about the way she died?all in all 從各方面