1、4. ()Mike often go shopping at noon on Saturday.新版（PEP 五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)測(cè)試題Unit 1 My DayClass_ Name_Score_LISTENING PART （30%）一 :Listen and choose.聽(tīng)音，選擇，并將序號(hào)寫(xiě)在前面括號(hào)里。（10 分）1.()A. do homeworkB. go for a walkC. do morning exercises2.()A. walkB. weekendC. work3.()A. oftenB. usuallyC. sometimes4.()A. haveB. atC. t

2、ake5.()A. eat breakfastB. eat lunchC. eat dinner6.()A.7:00B.7:30C.7:207.()A. i n the morni ngB. in the afternooniC. in the eve ning8.()A. get upB. get onC. get off9.()A. alwaysB. alsoC. last10.()A. go hiki ngB. go shopp ingC. go swimmi ng二二:Listen and answer.聽(tīng)音，選擇相應(yīng)的答句，并將序號(hào)與在括號(hào)里。（12 分）1.()A: At 8:30

3、.B:I do morning exercises.2.()A: I eat lunch at 6:00.B: I eat dinner at 6:003.()A:I usually get up at 6:00.B:At 9:30.4.()A: Usually at 10:00 a.m.B:Usually at 10:00 p.m.5.()A:I usually play sports at 4:30.B:I play the pia no at 4:30.6.() A:I often watch TV and play the piano.B:I eat breakfast at 7:00

4、.-KListe n and judge.聽(tīng)短文, 判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)。（8 分）1.() Mike plays ping pong in the morning on Saturdays.2.() Mike favourite sport is football.3.() Mike usually cleans the room in the evening.A、HowaboutB、How manyC、How muchWRITING PART (70%)四：Let s find out .找出不同類(lèi)的單詞。(16 分)1.()A: SaturdayB: Sunday: ThursdayD: weeke

5、nd2.()A: play footballB: play basketballC: play the pianoD: play ping-pong3.()A: go to schoolB: go homeC: get upD: in the morning4.()A: doctorB: farmerC: teacherD: mountain5.()A: whenB: whatC: whyD: we6.()A: go swimmingB: go for a walkC: go shoppingD: breakfast7.()A: usuallyB: oftenC: EnglishD: some

6、times8.()A: watch TVB: at noonC: do homeworkD: play sports五: Let s choose. 選擇， 并將序號(hào)寫(xiě)在括號(hào)里 。（ 20 分）1 、 （) I usually go _ _ with my mother.A、shopB、shopingC、shopping2、（) We have Chinese, English and P.E. _ the morning.A、inB、onC、at3、（) Thank you for_ me about your day.A、tellB、tellingC、tells4、（) Can I ask

7、 you_ questions?A、anyB、 someC 、a5、 () What do you do on the weekend ?-_A、I often go swimming.B、Im ten.C、Im a student.6、 () When do you go to bed at night?-I go to bed _ n i n e thirty.A、atB、inC、on7、 () The weather report _ it s going to rain tomorrow.A、speaksB、writesC、says8、 () -_?-It s 10:30.A、What

8、s the time? B、What the time?C、What s time?9、 () _ books do you have? I have thirty.10、() Thank you.A、Sure.B、You re welcome. C、Great.六：Let s match 選擇正確的答句，并將序號(hào)寫(xiě)在括號(hào)里。（12 分）()1. When do you go to school?A: At 9:00 p.m.()2. Do you ofte n go shopp ing on Saturdays? B:Sure.()3. What do you do on the weeke

9、 nd?C:Usually I watch TV.()4. Can 1 ask you some questi ons?D: I finish class at 12:00.()5. Whe n do you go to bed?E: No, but sometimes.()6. What do you finish class in the morning?F: I go to school at 7:00.七:Let s arrange 連詞成句。（12 分）1、 do weeke nddo on you whatthe ?2、usually have I math 9:00 at cla

10、ss3、 Sun daytogetherletsswimmi ngn ext go .4、morning do when you exercises do ?八:Read and choose.閱讀理解，正確(T)錯(cuò)誤(F)。(10 分)My name is Danny. I m a student in Class Two, Grade Six. I am twelve. David is mygood frie nd at school. He and I are the same age. I go to school by bike. Sometimeswe go home toget

11、her. He often climbs mountains and visits his gran dpare nts on theweeke nd. I ofte n climb mountains and play football with my brother.()1、Danny is a student in Class Six, Grade Two.()2、David is twelve ,too.()3、They both like climbing mountains.()4、They often go home together.()5、Danny likes playin

12、g football.新版（PEP 五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)測(cè)試題Unit 2 My Favourite Seas onClassNameScore聽(tīng)力部分、 聽(tīng)音，選出你所聽(tīng)到的單詞。(10%)()1. A. spri ngB. seas onC. sno wma n()2. A. fallB.flyC. all()3. A .snowB. summerC. swim()4. A. pai ntB. pinkC. pick()5. A. snowB. sleepC. spri ng二_ 、聽(tīng)錄音，根據(jù)問(wèn)句選擇正確答語(yǔ) 。(10%)()1. A. Football.B. Autu mn.()2. A.

13、Yes, I am.B. Yes, I do.()3. A.I like spri ng best.B. Yes, its spri ng.()4.A .I ofte n watch TV.B. Because I can make a sno wma n.()5.A .It sunny and hot.B. It windy and cold.三、 聽(tīng)句子，排順序。（10 %）()I like fall. It always sunny and cool.() My favourite seas on is win ter. I can play with snow.()What about

14、 you?()By the way, I don like summer. Itstoo hot.() Which seas on do you like best?筆試部分四、寫(xiě)出下列單詞的中文意思。( (10%)1. spri ng_ 6.make a snowman_2. season_ 7.pick apples_3. winter_ 8. go swimming_4. summer_ 9.go on a picnic_5._autumn_ 10.good job五、選擇正確的選項(xiàng)。 (20%)( ) 1.What do you do _ the weekend?A. inB. ofC

15、. on( )2.We have Chinese, English and PE _ the morning.A. inB. onC. at( ) 3.-_do you like spring?-Because I can plant trees.A. Why B. What C. When( ) 4.I like summer, _ I can swim.A. but B. because C. either( ) 5.I can _ in winter.A. plant treesB. swimC. make a snowman( ) 6.-Which season do you like

16、 best?A. winter B. season C. swim()7. It s cold and snowy_ .A. on winter B. in winter C. about winter()8.- _- I usually play sports at 5:00.A. What do you play sports? B. Do you play sports?C. When do you play sports( )9. Winter is good., _ I like spring best.A. andB .butC. or( )10. Why do you like

17、summer best?I can_ . .A. go shopping B. go swimming C. making the snowman六、 情景選擇。 (10%)( ) 1. 詢(xún)問(wèn)別人最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)，應(yīng)該說(shuō)： _A. Which season do you like best? B. Which season do you favourite?( ) 2. 你喜歡秋天，因?yàn)榍锾焯鞖鉀鏊矣酗L(fēng)，該這樣說(shuō)： _A. I like autumn. Because its cold and windy.B. I like autumn. Because its cool and wind

18、y.() 3. “這里有許多雪?！痹撨@樣說(shuō)： _A. There is lots of snow.B. There are lots of snow.() 4. “我喜歡冬天，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g堆雪人?！痹撨@樣表達(dá)： _A. I like winter. Because I can make a snowman.B. I like winter. Because I can sleep.() 5. “你為什么喜歡春天？”還怎么問(wèn)： _A. Why do you like spring?B. How do you like spring?七、 Rearrange the words 組詞成句。 (15%

19、)1.yourWhat is seasonfavourite ?2.doesbestwhichlikeseason Mike ?3.winteryoudolikewhy4.lakeItheinswim can5.coolissunnyandit always八、閱讀理解：閱讀短文，然后判斷后面的句子是否與短文內(nèi)容相符，相符的打“V”，不相符的打“X”。(15 分)My name is Chen Jie. Im from China. I m a Chinese girl. I live in a big city. We have springsummer, fall and winter h

20、ere. I like spring best. It s windy and warm. We can fly kites in spthe best time to plant trees, too. I dont likeo shuomt. mInewr.inItter it nevsertosnows in our city.So it s not very cold.()1. There are four seasons in a year.()2. Summer is Chen Jie s favourite season.()3. We can plant trees in wi

21、nter.()4. Chen Jie goes to swim in summer because it s hot.()5. It doesn t snow in Chen Jie s city.新版(PEP 五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)測(cè)試題Unit 3 My School cale ndarClass_ Name_Score、Lets find out.找出不同類(lèi)的單詞。（16分）1.()A. oneB. twoC.secondD. three2.()A. Mon dayB. NovemberC. DecemberD. February3.()A. firstB. twentyC. sevenD. t

22、welve4.()A. birthdayB. Childre n DayC. National DayD. Tree-pla nti ngDay5.()A. spri ngB. summerC. autu mnD.season6.()A. Mon dayB. TuesdayC. May DayD. Sunday7.()A .sisterB. brotherC. motherD. frie nd&()A. vacati onB. holidayC. sports meetD. a few、Look and write.寫(xiě)出下列單詞的縮寫(xiě)。（12分）1. November_ 2. Augu

23、st_3. September_ 4. first_5. twelfth_ 6. third_三、Choose the right answers選擇填空。(20分)()1.My birthday is_ May.A.atB. inC. onD.of()2._ is the first month of a year.A. February B. December C. October D. January()3._ is Childrens Day?A. When B. WhatC. Which D. Why()4.-Whats the date?1 1A. In July B. April

24、 4C. March D. 9()5.-Is your birthday in June?B. Yes, it is nt. C. No, is nt.D. No, it is.A. Yes, it is.) 6. How old are you? Im _A. first B. twelve)9.My birthday is in July. Aunt Marys birthday is in July,_A. either B. to C. too )10. When is National Day?thA. Its September 10th.C. Its December 25th.

25、四、Let s arrange 連詞成句。(12 分)1. your when is birthday (?)2.birthday June inher is (.)3.whatdate theis (?)4. herin birthdayMay is (?)5.has birthday awho October in (?)6.isparty whenthe (?)五、Read and choose 閱讀理解。（30 分）1. 閱讀短文，選擇正確的答案Hello, my name is Li Ming , yesterday I made a birthday chart for my fa

26、mily.C. secondD. fifth Its in _ .C. 20thA. thirdB. January() 8.When _ _ your birthday?D. 8:30D. beD. twothB. Its March 12th.stD. Its October 1st.)7. When is your birthday?A. am B. is C. areMy birthday is June 9th. My mothers birthday is Juneth1. 4M y grandpasbirthday is June 23th.Mygandpa is in Amer

27、ica, my grandpa lives with my uncle Bill and aunt Mary in America, so I usually make ane-card to him for his birthday.There are 2 birthdays in November, my father and my cousin Alice. Alice likes dolls, so I often send hersome beautiful dolls .My grandmas birthday is in April , it is very warm and n

28、ice in April, then when her birthday is coming ,weoften go hiking for her birthday. There is none in December.This is my chart ,I love my family. ()1.How many people are there in LiMings family?A. 6 B. 8 C. 9 ( )2.How many birthdays are there in June?A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 ()3 .How many birthdays are there

29、in December?A. 0 B. 2 C. 3 ( )4.What will Li Ming do for his grandpas birthday?A. send an e -mail B. send an e-card C. send a birthday cake ( )5.When is Li Mings birthday?A. June 14thB. June 9thC. June 23th2.讀短文，判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)。正確的寫(xiě)“ T ”，錯(cuò)誤的寫(xiě)“ F”。My name is Peter. I have a happy family. My father is a doctor.

30、He is tall and strong. His birthday is inMarch. My mother is a teacher. She is kind. Her birthday is in November. I am a student. My birthday is inMay. I love my family very much.()1. There are three people in Peters family.()2. Peter is a student.()3. Peters mother is a nurse.()4. Peters birthday i

31、s in May.()5. His mothers birthday is in March.六、選詞填空。(10 分)(are, have, February, June, September, December, November, August, spring, summer, fall, wi nter)We _ spring, summer, autumn and_.In Beijing, it s spring from March to May.Summer is from_ to _. Fall is from _ to _. Win teris from _ to _ the

32、 next year. But in Sydney, it _ fromSeptember to November. So whe n it s win ter in Beiji ng,it _s_ in Sydney.新版（PEP 五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)半期測(cè)試Class_Name_ ScoreLISTENING PART （30%）一、選出你所聽(tīng)到單詞的中文意思。（10 分）1.()A.為什么B.什么時(shí)候C.怎么樣2.()A.因?yàn)锽.睡覺(jué)C.游泳3.()A.三月B.四月C.五月4.()A.吃B.摘；采集C.大的5.()A.春天B.秋天C 冬天二_ 、聽(tīng)音 選出正確的答案（10 分）1.( () A

33、myplays the piano on the weekend.A: oftenB: usuallyC: sometimes2.( () What the weather like in?A: spri ngB: summerC: autu mn3.( ()Her birthday is in.A: JulyB: Ju neC: March4.( ()Whe n do you?A: eat breakfastB: eat lunchC: eat dinner5.( ()Letgo.A: swimmi ngB: shopp ingC: fish ing三、 聽(tīng)音 ，補(bǔ)全短文（10 分）I am

34、 Amy. I usually 1 at 7:00 a.m. I 2 at 4:00 p.m. I ofte n _ 3_ on theweeke nd. I like_4_best because of summer vacati on. I like June best. My birthday is in1._2._3._ 4._ 5._WRITING PART (70%)I: Let s find out 找出不同類(lèi)的單詞。8%1.()A: SaturdayB: Sun dayC: ThursdayD: weekend2.()A: play footballB: play basket

35、ball C: play the pia no D:play pin g-pong3.()A: go to schoolB: go homeC: get upD:in the morning4.()A: doctorB: farmerC: teacherD:moun ta inIH：Let s match 選擇正確的答句，并將序號(hào)寫(xiě)在括號(hào)里。()1. Why do you like spring?()2. Which season do you like best?()3. What do you usually do on Saturdays?()4. Do you like music?5

36、.()A: whenB: whatC: whyD: we6.()A: go swimmingB: go for a walkC: go shoppingD: breakfast7.()A: usuallyB: oftenC: EnglishD: sometimes8.()A: watch TVB: at noonC: do homeworkD: play sports并將序號(hào)寫(xiě)在括號(hào)里。 20%n: Lets choose. 選擇，1、That sounds likefun.A 、a lot ofB 、a lotC、lots2、_ do you like summer?Because I ca

37、n swim.A、WhichB、WhatC、Why3、Do you like summer? . Itstoo hot.4、5、6、7、8、9、10、(A 、No, I do.B、Yes, I do.C、 No, I dont.I usually eat dinner _A 、in , atB、at , in7:00What do you do on the weekend ?A、I often go swimming.B、Thanks _ your help , John.B、forA、inWhichA、 seasonWhenA、doesA、 How about)IsA、 you_ the

38、evening.C、 at, atIm ten.C、Im a student.C、atdo you like best?B、seasonsC、a seasonyou get up?B、doC、arebooksdoyouhave?C、How muchB、 yourC、heA: Yes, I do.B: Usually I do my homework.C: Because I can plant trees.D: Its in November.E: Autumn.()5. When do you go to bed?()6. When is your birthday?IV: Let s ar

39、range 連詞成句。10%1、eatdoyouwhe ndinner ( ?)2、usuallyhaveImath9:00atclass(.)3、robotn eedhelpto you ayou (.)4、morningdowhe nyouexercisesdo(?)5、myclea nroom on I Sun days (.)V: Choose 情景選擇。(10%)()1.詢(xún)問(wèn)別人最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)，應(yīng)該說(shuō)： _A. Which seas on do you like best?B. Which seas on do you favourite?()2.你喜歡秋天，因?yàn)榍锾焯鞖鉀鏊矣酗L(fēng)

40、，該這樣說(shuō)： _A. I like autu mn. Because its cold and win dy.B. I like autu mn. Because its cool and win dy.()3. “這里有許多雪?！痹撨@樣說(shuō)： _A. There is lots of snow.B. There are lots of snow.()4. “我喜歡冬天，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g堆雪人?！痹撨@樣表達(dá)： _A. I like win ter. Because I can make a sno wma n.B. I like win ter. Because I can sleep.()5.“你為

41、什么喜歡春天？ ”還怎么問(wèn)： _A. Why do you like spri ng?B. How do you like spri ng?W:Read and judge 閱讀理解，判斷正(T)誤(F)。10%Hello! Im Lily. I am eleve n. My birthday is in August. I usually get up early on my birthday . I wearmy new dress and go to school. I take candy to my class. After school, I go home and do myho

42、mework. In the eve nin g, I have a birthday party. My mother buys me a big birthday cake. Myfather gives me a gift. We sing birthday songs together. I am so happy.F: I go to school at 7:00.()1、I dont go to school on my birthday.()2、 My birthday is in summer.()3 、 I have a birthday party on my birthd

43、ay.()4、 My mother gives me a birthday gift.()5、 We sing Christmas songs on my birthday.新版（PEP 五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)測(cè)試題Unit 4 Whe n is the Easter?Class_ Name_ Score聽(tīng)力部分(30%)一.聽(tīng)音，選擇，并將序號(hào)寫(xiě)在前面括號(hào)里。(10 分)1. ( ) A. oneB. sec ondC. first2. ( ) A. coolB. cookC. look3. ( ) A. October B. DecemberC. November4. ( ) A. Fathers

44、 Day B. April Fools Day C. Mothers Day5. ( ) A. lovely B. sportsC. special二. 聽(tīng)音，為你所聽(tīng)到的句子選擇大于并排序。(10 分)()Thank you.()Summer.()Dont worry.()Its on April 1st.()ril cook no odles for her.三. 聽(tīng)音，選出你所聽(tīng)到的句子。(10 分)1.( ) A. When is Fathers Day? B. When is Mothers Day?2.() A. I love July!B. I love June.3.() A.

45、 Easter is on April5th. B. Easter is on April 1st.4.() A. Lets watch TVtogether. B. Lets go shopp ing together.5.() A. They are cute.B. They are happy.筆試部分(70%)一. 給下列句子排序。10%()1 .Of course. When is it?()2. Hello, Zha ng Peng ! Today is my birthday.()3. Thank you. Will you come to my birthday party,

46、Zhang Peng?()4. Its at 5:00 in the afternoo n.()5. Happy birthday to you, Sarah.二. 選擇，并將序號(hào)寫(xiě)在括號(hào)里。20%1、 ()rm a student. He isi stude nt.A、alsoB、tooC、to2、 ()Theresome tigers in the zoo.A、isB、areC、am3、 ()I love my dog. It can playme.A、withB、forC、at4、 ()When is the sports meet?ItsMay 5th.A、inB、onC、at5、 (

47、)Itsoclock.A、thirdB、threeC 、second6、 ()Today is hisbirthday.A、eleventh B、elevenC 、eight7、 ()is your birthday?Its on June 8th.A 、WhereB、WhatC 、When()What is your mother doing?cook ing dinner.A 、It is B、He isC、She is9、 ()I want to go swimmingmy frien ds.A、orB、withC、and10、() Is your dad reading a book?

48、_A 、Yes, she is. B 、No, he isn t. C、No he is.二.選擇正確的答句，并將序號(hào)寫(xiě)在括號(hào)里。10%()1.What do you do on the weeke nd?A: Spri ng.()2.When is April Fool Day?B: He is cooki ng dinner.()3.What is your father doin g?C:Its on April 1st.()4.Which season do you like best? D: Sure.()5.Ca n I play basketball ?E:I ofte n pl

49、ay the pia no.四.連詞成句。10%1、your is birthday when ?2、October are special days in there some3、eyes open are their .4、want go I to swimming5、are they what五根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，完成句子。10%1、我的生日在 8 月 2 號(hào)。My birthday is_ August_.2、在兒童節(jié)你通常做什么？_ do you_ do on Childre ns Day?3、它們有白色的軟毛。They_white_.4、今天是特殊的一天，是我的第五個(gè)生日。Today i

50、s a_ day . Its my_ birthday5、熟能生巧。_ makes_ .六閱讀理解,判斷正(T)誤(X)10%My name is Tim. I ma student in Class Two, Grade Five. I am twelve. Now let me tell yousometh ing about my family. My father is a doctor. He is writ ing an e-mail in the study. Mymother a is a teacher in a middle school. She is cook ing

51、dinner in the kitche n. What am Idoing? I am doing my homework, today is Friday, We have a lot of homework to do. Afterhomework, I will play the piano. I like playing the piano very much.( )1、Tim is a student in Class Five, Grade Two.()2、 Tim s father is a doctor. He is writing an e-mail .()3、Tim s

52、mother is a teacher. She is washing clothes.()4、Tim is playing the piano.()5、Tim likes playing the piano.三、聽(tīng)錄音，判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)(5%(5%)新版（PEP五年級(jí)下冊(cè)測(cè)試題Unit 5 Whose dog is it?Class_ Name_Score聽(tīng)力部分一、聽(tīng)音，選擇。（10%）()1、A. playB. pla ntC. lake()2、A. waterB. watchC. wash()3、A. otherB. rabbitC. carrot()4、A. drawB. boardC. d

53、raw ing()5、A. whereB. whoseC. whe n()6、A. cleanB. readC. eat()7、A. drinkingB. jumpi ngC. playi ng.()8、A. JuneB. JulyC. Jan.()9、A. herB.yourC. mi ne()10、A. fineB. mi neC. my_ 、 聽(tīng)問(wèn)題，選答句。(10%10% )()1、A. They are talking pictures.B. .We are tak ing pictures.()2、A. I see a rabbit.B.Its a rabbit .()3、A. I

54、ts in the zoo.B.Its sleep ing.()4、A. Yes, I am.B. Yes, I do.()5、A. Yes, it is.B. Yes, they can.四、聽(tīng)錄音，判斷句子對(duì)錯(cuò)。(5%)()1. ItSu nday.()2. There are many people in the zoo.()3. Two girls are play ing football.()4. A girl is flying a kite.()5. Two childre n are walki ng on the grass.筆試部分一、寫(xiě)出下列單詞的ing形式。(10%)

55、1. drink_ 2. run_ 3.write_ 4.sleep_5. climb_ 6.eat_ 7. make_ 8.swim_9.jump_ 10.play_、選出不同類(lèi)的一項(xiàng)。（10%）()1.A. catB. mon keyC. zooD. panda()2.A.flyB. jumpC. walkD. teacher()3.A. hersB. mineC. oursD. he()4.A .MarB. spri ngC. summerD. win ter()5.A. drinkB. climb ingC. eati ngD .playi ng三、選擇題（20%()1. She ca

56、nta letter.A. writeB. writesC. writ ing()2.you doing your homework, Ann?A. DoB. AreC. Can()3. I seeelepha nt in the park.A. anB. aC. two()4. -What is it doing?-_ .A. He sleep ing.B. It is jump ing. C. She is running.( ) 5.Amy and Sarah _ doing their homework.A. is B. are C. Are( ) 6. What_ the bear

57、doing ?A. amB. areC. is( ) 7 I see _ elephant in the park.A. anB. aC. two( ) 8. _ ?Its swimming.A. Where is the duck? B. What is the duck doing? C. What about the duck? ( ) 9. Look atthe elephants . They are _ .A. fliesB. drinking waterC. jump( ) 10.Here _ a monkey.A. come B. comes C. coming四、連詞成句。（

58、10%)1 Are doingtheywhat ?2.climbing aretreesthey .3.is what itdoing?4.rabbit jumping isthe .5.picture theyellowmine is .五、讀一讀，找出合適的答語(yǔ)。(10%)( ) 1.What do you see?( ) 2.What are they doing?( ) 3.Can you see the monkeys?( ) 4.What colour is it?( ) 5.What is it doing?A. Its drinking water.B. They are sl

59、eeping.C.I see three cows.D. No, I cant.E. Its black and white.六、閱讀理解.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷下列各題，對(duì)的打，錯(cuò)的打X(10%Its September. Its fine. Mr. Green and his family are in the park. They are having a good time. Mr.and Mrs. Green are looking at some fish in the lake. Tom, their son, is looking at a plane in the sky.Mary

60、, their daughter, is walking behind her parents. She is looking at fish in the lake, too.( ) l. Its a fine day today.( ) 2. Mr. Green and his students are in the park.( ) 3. Torn is looking at a plane in the sky.( ) 4. Mary is sitting behind her parents.( ) 5. Mary is looking at the fish in the lake, to