1、Are You Prepared for the Next Earthquake?你為下一次地震做好準備了嗎？This booklet is designed to help you and your family plan for and survive a major earthquake.By taking action to be prepared, you can lessen the impact of an earthquake on your family. Set aside some emergency supplies, and teach your family wha

2、t to do at home during and after a disaster. You could be without help for up to 72 hours, so learn to cope for at least that long.Movement of the ground is seldom the actual cause of death or injury. Most casualties result from partial building collapse and falling objects and debris, like toppling

3、 chimneys, falling bricks, ceiling plaster, and light fixtures. Many of these conditions are easily preventable.Because earthquakes occur without warning, it s important to take steps now to prepare, so that you know what you can do and how to respond constructive, protective action is possible.這本小冊

4、子旨在幫助你和家人學會未雨綢繆， 以便在大地震時逃生。 事先進行準備， 可 以減少地震帶來的沖擊。 做一些適當的應急儲備， 并告訴你的家人在災難中和災難之后該做些什么。當災難發生時，你很可能在72 小時之內得不到任何救助。因此，至少要學會如何撐過 72 個小時。地震中地面的移動一般不會直接造成傷亡。 大多數傷亡是由建筑物的坍塌以及物體和建筑物殘骸墜落造成。比如，倒塌的煙囪、落下的磚頭、天花板上的泥塊以及燈具等。而多數 情況都是易于避免的。地震發生前是沒有征兆的，因此，從現在就開始進行準備相當重要。這樣一來，你才會知道災難發生時該做什么，該如何應對，如何進行有意義的自我保護。Have on Ha

5、nd for Any Emergency - Ideas for Home, Workplace, and Car為突發狀況準備趁手的的應急物品：家里、辦公地點、汽車上如何應急Because you don t know where you will be when an earthquake occurs, prepare a Disaster Supplies Kit for your home, workplace, and car.因為你不知道地震發生的時候自己會在哪兒， 所以， 在家里、 辦公地點以及汽車上，都 準備一套抗災裝備吧?！舅?Water. Store at least

6、1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. A normally active person needs at least ? gallon of water daily just for drinking. In determining adequate quantities, take the following into account:每人每天至少需儲備 1 加侖 （3.8 升 ）的水，并按此標準一次備夠72 小時之用。一般情況下，一個活躍的正常人，光飲用，每天就需要消耗1/2 加

7、侖（ 1.9 升）的水。為了保證足夠的量，應考慮以下因素： Individual needs vary depending on age, physical condition, activity, diet, and climate. Children, nursing mothers, and ill people need more water. Very hot temperatures can double the amount of water needed. A medical emergency might require more water. 個體需求量因年齡、體質、活動量

8、、飲食、氣候等而有差異。 兒童、哺乳期婦女、病人需水量更大。 高溫天氣會使需水量成倍增加。 醫療緊急情況會需要更多的水。It is recommended that you buy commercially bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also, pay attention to the expiration or "use by" date.建議你購買一些瓶裝水。不要拆開瓶裝水的原包裝，在必須

9、使用之前不要打開。另外， 要注意保質期或者最晚飲用日期。If you choose to prepare your own containers of water, you should buy air-tight, food-grade water storage containers from surplus or camping supply stores. Before filling the containers, clean them with dish washing soap and water, and rinse them completely so that there

10、is no residual soap. Water stored in your own containers should be replaced about every 6 months.In addition to water, have purification tablets such as Halazone and Globaline, but be sure to read the label on the bottle before using the tablets.如果你準備用自己的容器裝水，你應該從軍用品或者野營用品專門店購買那種不漏氣的、專門儲存食品的盛水容器。 在裝

11、水之前， 要用餐具專用洗滌劑和水清洗容器， 并用水沖凈，以免洗滌劑殘留。容器內的水必須每6 個月更換一次。除了水之外，還需要一些凈化用的藥片，比如哈拉宗（Halazone） 、高碘甘氨酸（Globaline ） ，但在使用這些藥片之前，一定要先看看瓶子上的標簽。 （譯者：請向專業人士或醫護人員資訊上述藥品的使用！ ）【食品】Food. It' s always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable food on hand that can be rotated into your diet and replenishe

12、d on a regular basis. Have a sufficient supply of canned or dehydrated food, powdered milk, and canned juices for at least 72 hours. Dried cereals and fruits and non-salted nuts are good sources of nutrition. Keep the following points in mind:并可將其加入作為一個很實用的主意， 應經常準備一些不易腐壞的食品以便隨時食用。日常的飲食之中，并定期補充儲備。準備

13、足夠72 小時之用的聽裝食品或脫水食品、奶粉，以及聽裝果汁。干麥片、水果和無鹽干果是很好的營養源。請注意以下幾點： Avoid foods that will make you thirsty. Choose salt-free crackers, whole grain cereals, and canned goods with high liquid content. Stock foods that do not require refrigeration, cooking, water, or special preparation. You may already have man

14、y of these on hand. Remember to include foods for infants and special dietary needs. 不要選擇那些讓你容易口渴的食品。 選擇無鹽餅干、 全麥麥片和富含流質的罐裝食品。 只儲備無需冷藏、烹飪或特殊處理的食品。類似食品可供選擇的有很多。 別忘了食品中應包括嬰兒和特殊飲食需要者的食品。 你還應該準備一些廚房用具和炊 具，尤其是手動開罐器。You should also have kitchen accessories and cooking utensils, especially a manual can open

15、er.【應急燈和備用電池】 Flashlights and spare batteries. Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are certain that no gas leaks exist.在你的床邊、工作地點以及車里放一盞應急燈。不要在地震后使用火柴或蠟燭 , 除非你 能確定沒有瓦斯泄漏?！颈銛y式電池供電收音機或電視機以及備用電池】 Portable

16、, battery-powered radio or television and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order or used for emergency purposes, so radios will be your best source of information. You may also want to have a battery-powered CB or other two-way radio.大多數電話將會無法使用或只能供緊急用途， 所以收音機將會是你最好的信息來源。 如 有可能，你還應當準備

17、電池供電的收發報機和無線對講機。急救箱和急救手冊】 First aid kit and manual. Keep a first aid kit at home and in your car. Also, have a manual such as Standard First Aid & Personal Safety by the American Red Cross. Have members of your household take basic first aid and CPR courses.在家里和車里準備一個急救箱。 同時， 備一本由美國紅十字會制作的 標準急救和

18、個人安全手冊 。讓你的家人學習一些基本的急救和人工呼吸課程?！緶缁鹌鳌?Fire extinguishers. Keep a fire extinguisher at home and in your car. Some extinguishers are good only for certain types of fires electrical, grease, or gas. Class ABC extinguishers are designed for safe use on any type of fire. Your fire department can show you h

19、ow to use an extinguisher properly.在你的家里和車里都要配備滅火器。一些滅火器僅適用于特定的火源電引發的火災，油脂引發的火災，或者煤氣引發的火災等等。 ABC （多用途干粉）滅火器可安全使用于 任何種類的火源。當地消防部門可以教你如何正確地使用滅火器?！咎厥庥闷贰?Special needs. Keep a supply of special needs items, such as medications, extra eyeglasses, contact lens solutions, hearing aid batteries, items for i

20、nfants （formula, diapers, bottles, and pacifiers）, sanitation and hygiene items （moist towelettes and toilet paper）, and any items unique to your family s needs.準備必要的特殊用品，比如藥品，備用眼鏡，隱形眼鏡護理液，助聽器電池，嬰兒物品（嬰兒食品、尿布、奶瓶和奶嘴） ，衛生用品（小濕巾和手紙）等家所須的任何物品?！局匾奈募同F金】 Important papers and cash. Be sure to have a supply

21、 of cash for use if ATMs, banks, and credit card systems are not operating. Also, keep copies of credit and identification cards and important documents, such as insurance policies and financial records.確保在自動取款機、 銀行和信用卡系統癱瘓時，有足夠的現金可用。同時，保留一些信 用證明、身份證和一些重要文件的復印件，比如保險單和財務記錄。【工具】 Tools. In addition to

22、a pipe wrench and crescent wrench （for turning off gas and water valves）, you should have a lighter, a supply of matches in a waterproof container, and a whistle for signaling rescue workers.除了準備一個管鉗和一個可調扳手（用來關閉氣閥和水管） ，你要有一個打火機，一盒 裝在防水盒子里的火柴和一個用來呼叫援救人員的哨子?！疽路?Clothes. If you live in a cold climate,

23、 you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake. Think about your clothing and bedding supplies. Be sure to have one complete change of clothing and shoes per person, including the following:如果你所處的地區天氣寒冷，必須考慮到保暖。地震過后你可能無法取暖。要考慮到你 的衣服和睡覺用品。確保每個人有一整套換洗的衣服和鞋子，這包括： jacket or co

24、at long pants long sleeve shirt sturdy shoes hat, mittens or gloves, and scarf sleeping bag or warm blanket (per person)* 茄克衫或外衣* 長褲* 長袖衫* 結實的鞋* 帽子，手套和圍巾* 睡袋或暖毯(每人一件)【寵物用品】Pet needs. Identify a shelter area for your pet, gather the necessary supplies, ensure that your pet has proper ID and up-to-dat

25、e veterinarian records, and make sure you have a pet carrier and a leash.為你的寵物尋找一個安全的地點，準備一些必需品，確保你的寵物有準確的身份證明以及最新的獸醫 登記，同時準備好一個寵物籠和一條皮帶。Home Preparedness家庭抗災準備工作In the event of an earthquake, you may be instructed to shut off the utility services at your home. Teach responsible members of your fami

26、ly how to turn off the gas, electricity, and water at valves and main switches. Consult your local utilities if you need more information.地震發生時，你可能會被要求關閉家中的水電設施來降低災害風險。平時要教會能擔負起責任的家庭 成員如何關閉燃氣閥門、電閘以及水閥。如果你需要更多關于水電設備的信息，請向當地供電、供水和燃 氣供應部門咨詢。Earthquake Hazard Hunt地震隱患排查You can identify potential dangers

27、 in your home by conducting an earthquake hazard hunt. Foresight and common sense are all that are needed as you go from room to room and imagine what would happen in an earthquake. Some possible hazards are:你可以通過在家中進行地震隱患排查”來尋找地震中可能出現的隱患。你需要做的只是巡視你的房間,設想地震時房中會發生什么，用你的常識來進行預測、找出隱患。一些可能的隱患有： Tall, he

28、avy furniture that could topple, such as bookcases, china cabinets, or modular wall units. Water heaters that could be pulled away from pipes and rupture. Appliances that could move enough to rupture gas or electrical lines. Hanging plants in heavy pots that could swing free of hooks.Heavy picture f

29、rames or mirrors over a bed.Latches on kitchen or other cabinets that will not hold the door closed during shaking.Breakables or heavy objects that are kept on high or open shelves. A masonry chimney that could crumble and fall through an unsupported roof. Flammable liquids, like painting or cleanin

30、g products, that would be safer in a garage or outside shed.* 在地震中可能會倒塌的又高又重的家具，比如書架、瓷器柜，或是定制的組合柜。應當設法固定在墻 壁上* 可能會從管道上脫離并碎裂的熱水器。* 可能發生移動，扯壞煤氣管道或電線的物品。* 懸掛在高處較重的盆載植物，有可能脫鉤墜落。* 掛在床上方較重的像框或鏡子，有可能在地震中墜落。* 櫥柜或別的柜子劇烈晃動時，柜子的插銷可能會松動打開。* 放置在高處開放式儲物架上的易碎品或重物可能會墜落摔碎。* 石制煙囪可能壓垮無支撐的房頂并崩塌。* 易燃液體，如油漆及清潔劑，應儲存于車庫或是室

31、外儲物室中（而不是室內）。Take steps to correct these hazards secure or relocate heavy items as appropriate.請設法逐個排除這些隱患，妥善安置各種重物，把不妥的重物重新放置。Family Earthquake Drill家庭防震演習It ' s important to know where you should go for protection when your house starts to shake. By planning and practicing what to do before an

32、 earthquake occurs, you can condition yourself and your family to react correctly and spontaneously when the first jolt or shaking is felt. An earthquake drill can teach your family what to do in an earthquake.當發現房屋開始搖晃時，第一時間就能確知去哪兒躲避非常重要。如果在地震發生前就做好了準備和 演習，你和家人就能在察覺震感的第一時間及時、正確地做出反應。防震演習可以讓你們全家知道如何

33、應 對地震。 Each family member should know safe spots in each room. Safe spots: The best places to be are under heavy pieces of furniture, such as a desk or sturdy table; under supported archways; and against inside walls.Danger spots: Stay away from windows, hanging objects, mirrors, fireplaces, and tal

34、l, unsecured pieces of furniture. Reinforce this knowledge by physically placing yourself in the safe locations. This is especially important for children. In the days or weeks after this exercise, hold surprise drills. Be prepared to deal with what you may experience after an earthquake both physic

35、ally and emotionally.* 每個家庭成員都應該知道各個房間的安全地點在哪里。* 安全地點：最佳安全點是堅固的家具下面，例如書桌或其他硬質桌子之下；有支撐的拱廊下，緊貼內 部承重墻的地方也較安全。* 危險區：應遠離窗戶、懸掛物件、鏡子、壁爐以及較高的未固定家具。* 通過親身體驗如何在安全地點安身來鞏固這些知識，這點對兒童尤其重要。* 在進行以上演練后的幾天或幾周內，進行緊急演練，以鞏固知識。* 做好應付震后受災情況的身心準備。How To Ride Out the Earthquake如何安全渡過地震Limit your movements during an earthqua

36、ke to a few steps to a nearby safe place. Stay indoors until the shaking has stopped and you are sure it is safe to leave.當地震還在持續時，將你的活動范圍限制在周圍某個安全地點幾步以內；在晃動停止、確認安全后再 離開室內。【如果地震時你在室內】If you are indoors: Drop, Cover, and Hold Take cover under a sturdy desk, table, or bench, or against an inside wall,

37、 and hold on. If there is no desk or table near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building. Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures and furniture.If you are in bed when the earthq

38、uake strikes, stay there. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow, unless you are under a heavy light fixture that could fall. In that case, move to the nearest safe place. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Most injuries during earthquakes occur when people are hi

39、t by falling objects while entering or leaving buildings. Be aware that electricity may go out or that sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on.Do not use elevators.* 蹲下，尋找掩護，抓牢 一一利用寫字臺、桌子或者長凳下的空間，或者身子緊貼內部承重墻作為掩 護，然后雙手抓牢固定物體。如果附近沒有寫字臺或桌子，用雙臂護住頭部、臉部，蹲伏在房間的角落。* 遠離玻璃制品、建筑物外墻、門窗、以及其他可能墜落的物體，例如燈具和家具。

40、* 如果地震發生時你在床上，請待在那里不要動。抓緊枕頭保護住你的頭部。如果你上方有可能墜落 的重型燈具，請轉移至最近的安全地帶。* 在晃動停止并確認戶外安全后，方可離開房間。地震中的大多數傷亡，是在人們進出建筑物時被墜 物擊中造成的。* 要意識到可能會斷電，火警以及自動噴淋裝置可能會啟動。* 切勿使用電梯逃生。如果地震時你在室外】If you are outdoors:Stay there.Move away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and utility wires.* 待在原地不要動。* 遠離建筑區、大樹、街燈和電線電纜。【如果地震時你在開

41、動的汽車上】If you are in a moving car: Stop as quickly as safety permits, pull to the side of the road, and stay in the car.Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses, and utility wires. Do not attempt to drive across bridges or overpasses that have been damaged.Proceed cautiously after th

42、e earthquake has stopped, watching for road and bridge damage.* 在確保安全的情況下，盡快靠邊停車，留在車內。* 不要把車停在建筑物下、大樹旁、立交橋或者電線電纜下。* 不要試圖穿越已經損壞的橋梁。* 地震停止后小心前進，注意道路和橋梁的損壞情況?！救绻惚焕г趶U墟下】If you are trapped under debris:Do not light a match.Do not move about or kick up dust.Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothin

43、g.Tap on a pipe or wall so that rescuers can find you. Use a whistle if one is available. Shout only as a last resort shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.* 不要點火柴。* 不要向周圍移動，避免揚起灰塵。* 用手帕或布遮住口部。* 敲擊管道或墻壁以便讓救援人員發現你?？赡艿脑挘埵褂蒙谧?。在其他方式不奏效的情況下再選 擇呼喊一一因為喊叫可能使人吸入大量有害灰塵。When the Ground St

44、ops Shaking地震停止后注意事項【檢查傷情】Check for InjuriesIf anyone has stopped breathing, give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Stop any bleeding injury by applying direct pressure to the wound. Do not move seriously injured people unless they are in immediate danger of further injury. Cover injured persons with bl

45、ankets to keep them warm.如果有人呼吸停止，進行口對口人工呼吸。如有流血的外傷，立即直接壓迫傷處止血。不要移動重傷 員，除非有傷情擴大的緊急危險。用毛毯包裹傷員，以保持體溫。Keep a battery-powered radio with you so you can listen for emergency updates and news reports.隨身攜帶用干電池供電的收音機，以獲取最新的救援消息和新聞報道。Be aware of possible tsunamis if you live in a coastal area. Tsunamis are a

46、lso known as seismic sea waves. When local authorities issue a tsunami warning, assume that a series of dangerous waves is on the way. Move inland to higher ground as quickly as possible.臨海居住的人們要警惕可能會引發的海嘯。海嘯是地震引發的海浪。若當地政府發布了海嘯預警，要 意識到危險的海浪正在逼近。這時要盡快撤到內陸的高地。Do not use the telephone unless there is a

47、 severe injury. For more detailed emergency procedures, consult your first aid manual.不要使用電話，除非傷勢嚴重。如果需要了解更詳細的急救程序，請查詢相關的急救指南。Wear shoes in areas near fallen debris or broken glass.當附近有掉落的碎片和玻璃渣時，一定要穿鞋。【檢查隱患】Check for HazardsIf possible, put out small fres. If not, leave your home immediately, notif

48、y the fire department ifpossible, and alert your neighbors.盡可能熄滅火苗。如果火勢已無法熄滅， 要迅速離開家中，盡可能通知消防隊，并提醒 鄰居。Use a battery-powered fashlight to inspect your home. Turn the flashlight on outside, before entering, because the battery may produce a spark that could ignite leaking gas, if present.用干電池供電的手電筒檢查房

49、屋。 進屋前就要打開電筒， 因為如果屋內煤氣泄漏， 打開 電筒可能會引起火花。Check gas, electrical, and water lines, and check appliances for damage. If you smell gas or see a broken line, shut off the main valve from the outside. Do not switch on the electricity again until the power company has first checked your home. Remember, if ga

50、s is turned off, a professional must restore service. Do not search for gas leaks with a lighted match.檢查燃氣管道、 電線和水管，檢查電器的受損情況。 如果聞到煤氣味兒，或看到管道破裂， 要關掉從外面進屋煤氣管道的主閥門。 在供電局來您家做過安全檢查之前， 不要再合上 電閘。 謹記： 在燃氣閘關閉后， 必須由專業人員重新打開。 不要點燃火柴來尋找燃氣泄露處。Caution: Do not use electrical switches or appliances if gas leaks a

51、re suspected, because sparks can ignite gas from broken lines.注意： 若懷疑煤氣管道泄露， 不要撥動電源開關或使用電器， 因為產生的火花會點燃泄 露的燃氣。Switch off electrical power if there is damage to your house electrical wiring. If the situation is unsafe, leave your home and seek help.如果家里電線受損，要切斷電源。如果情況不安全，要離開房屋，尋求救援。Do not touch downed

52、 lines or broken appliances.切莫觸摸掉落的電線或受損的電器。Check the building for cracks and damage, particularly around chimneys and masonry walls. Leave immediately if it looks like the building might collapse. Use fireplaces only if the chimney has no damage and no cracks.檢查建筑是否有裂縫和損壞， 尤其是煙筒與磚墻周圍。 如果建筑有坍塌的跡象， 要

53、迅速撤離。除非確定煙囪沒有受損，也沒有裂縫，否則不要使用壁爐。Clean up spilled medicines, bleaches, and gasoline and other ?ammable liquids. 清除溢出的藥品，漂白劑、汽油和其他易燃易爆液體。Check to see that water and sewage lines are intact before using the toilet. Plug bathtub and sink drains to prevent sewage backup.如廁前要檢查水管與下水道管道， 確保它們完好無損。 塞好浴缸與水槽的下

54、水口， 以免 污水倒流。Check water and food supplies. If the water is cut off, use emergency water supplies in water heaters and melted ice cubes. Throw out all food that may be spoiled or contaminated.檢查水與食物供應。 如果水源被切斷， 使用熱水器里的水或融化的食用冰塊水救急。 扔 掉所有可能會變質或受污染的食物。Check closets and cupboards. Open doors cautiously.

55、 Beware of objects tumbling off shelves.檢查壁櫥和食櫥。開門要當心。注意躲避架上可能掉落的物品。Use charcoal or gas grills for emergency cooking, only out of doors.緊急狀態下，如須做飯，只有在戶外才能使用木炭和煤氣烤架。Do not use your car, unless there is an emergency. Do not go sightseeing through areas of damage. You will only hamper the relief effort. Keep streets clear for the passage of emergency vehicles.不要駕車, ，除