1、.Passage 1I mpretty confident that there willnever be a day when all the world is inagreement about the best human diet. I m an omnivore myself, but I have friends whoswear by their paleo, vegetarian, and vegan diets. All of us can make compelling arguments about why we eat the way we do, and all of

2、 us can make valid criticisms of diets that are unlike our own.For me, deciding how and what to eat required a close examination of the values and principles that truly matter to me. The type of food we consume has immediate health and economic consequences,but it also has a significant impact on ou

3、r environment.As a study shows, the manner and scale at which our society currently raises animal for human consumption contributes to climate change in major way. It also wastes water, pollutes our soil, and contaminates fresh water supplies. So if you re really trying to live a low-impact life, ea

4、ting less meat and ensuring that the meat you do eat is raised by responsible farmers and ranchers could help you shrink your carbon footprint a lot faster than buying a hybrid or skipping showers.1. The author believes that ( )A. people will be more and more rational in choosing the food they eat.B

5、. the arguments about what should be eaten will never come to an end.C. people will someday reach a consensus on what the best food is.D. people will be more and more fastidious in choosing the food they eat.2. When deciding how and what to eat, the author ( ) A. has some important principles to fol

6、low.B. will consult with his friends.C. will follow the instructions of his friends. D. considers only his own interests.3. The type of food we eat ( )A. has an indirect but great effect on our environment.B. has nothing to do with our environment.C. has nothing to do with our health.D. is decided o

7、nly by our economic status.4. What is implied in Paragraph 3 ()A. We should stop raising animals for human consumption.B. We should stop eating animals.C. The way animals are raised for human consumption should be improved.D. Environmental pollution and climate change are caused by raising animals f

8、or human consumption.Passage 2Americans are too busy for lunch breaks, reports AOL. Rather than leaving the office for some much needed relaxation, most workers are opting to dine at their desks. According to a survey, 62% of American office workers usually eat their lunch in the same spot they work

9、 all day.In a weakened economy, many employees feel a heightened need to prove their worth or look like a superstar worker who goes above and beyond to get the job done.;.Plus, when coworkers are working through their lunch breaks, no one wants to be the person who looks like a slacker.For others, i

10、t is not just a matter of saving time, but saving money. Eating out routinely gets expensive, so bringing a lunch to eat at the desk is also the thrifty choice for the American worker.On a national level, the United States does not mandate that businessesallow their employees a lunch break. However,

11、 22 states do have explicit laws on the books stating that workers must take a half hour to hour lunch break. Nonetheless, even workers in these states often find themselves ignoring the law to chow down next totheir computers.In addition to lunch, 27% will eatbreakfast at their desk (at least they

12、are notskipping it altogether), and 50% will snack at their desk throughout the workday.Unfortunately, using the desk as a dining table could be a health hazard. With about two in three workers admitting they clean their desk less than once a month, the unsanitary surface leaves workers susceptible

13、to foodborne illnesses.1. According to the report by AOL, most American office workers usually ()A. take lunch at their desks.B. take a nap after lunch.C. go out to eat at lunch time.D. enjoy free lunch.2. ( ) makes the American employees feel a heightened need to prove their worth. A. The employers

14、encouragementB. An upturn in economyC. The cozy working environment.D. A downturn in economy.3. According to Paragraph 4, ( )?A. most states of America have passed the laws stating that workers must take some lunch break.B. the workers in the 22 states work fewer hours than those in the other states

15、.C. the workers in the 22 states do not necessarily take a better lunch break than those in the other states.D. the workers in the 22 states take a longer lunch break than those in the other states.4. What is a disadvantage of taking lunch at the desk? A. It may save time for the employees.B. It may

16、 do harm to the employeeshealth. C. It may save money for the employees.D. It may help the employees reduce their weight.Passage 3In many urban centers throughout the world, vibrant waste recycling programs aren just eco-minded niceties, but they serve an essential role in keeping communities clean

17、and clutter-free. But thanks to one forward-thinking initiative in the Brazilian city of Jundia , trading iní trash has never been tastier.Ten years ago, the city Municipals Utilities Department launched “ Delicious Recycling ”a, program aimed at encouraging residents to get into the habit of;.

18、collecting recyclable waste in exchange for fresh vegetables, grown locally in a public-run garden and boy did it take off. Today, the garden boasts more than 30thousand plants to meet the demand of thousands of veggie-loving recyclers, turning aluminum cans and plastic bottles into edible greens.Ul

19、timately, the program has done wonders for the health of the environment as well, by ridding the city of improperly disposed waste.“What once cluttered and even choked the flow of water from storm drains istoday used as currency for healthy food, ”local mayor Miguel Haddad tells Jundia íOnline.

20、“ Everybody wins with this.”As innovative as Jundiaíious“RecyclingDelic” may seem, it s actually not thefirst of its kind, but given the program s success, it sthnoughwonderanumberwhyof other Brazilian municipalities offer similar incentives to reward recyclers with food,the idea seems to be ca

21、tching internationally like in Mexico City, where residentsrecently exchanged trash for nearly three tons of vegetables!1. Waste recycling programs ( )A. are paid little attention to in many urban centers.B. help make communities clean and tidy.C. have nothing to do with the sanitation of communitie

22、s.D. are inactive in many urban centers.2. The purpose of“ Delicious Recycling is ( ”) A. to teach residents how to make delicious food.B. to reward residents who do well in classifying rubbish.C. to encourage residents to trade recyclable waste for meat or vegetables. D. to encourage residents to t

23、rade recyclable waste for vegetables.3. According to local mayor Miguel Haddad, ()A. water in storm drains is flowing more freely than before because the trash in it hasbeen removed.B. water in storm drains can be exchanged for healthy food.C. water in storm drains is essential to the growing of fre

24、sh vegetables.D. there is more trash in storm drains now than there used to be.4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. “ Delicous Recycling has” failed to achieve the desired result.B. There are no waste recycling programs in other Brazilian municipalities.C. Mexico City is probably imita

25、ting Jundia í s “ Delicious Recycling.”D. Waste recycling programs in other Brazilian municipalities are more successfulthan Jundia í s “ Delicious Recycling.”Passage 4A class action lawsuit has been filed against General Mills for misrepresentingthe product it calls Yoplait Greek. It isn

26、Greek,t and it isn yogurt. The sales ofYoplait Greek already lag far behind other brands such as Chobani and Fage in anexploding Greek yogurt market, and this latest lawsuit won t help any.“Yoplait Greek does not comply with the standard of identity of yogurt,” tlawsuit states. “ Indeed,Yoplait Gree

27、k contains MilkProtein Concentrate ( “ MPC” )which is not among the permissible ingredients of yogurt, non-fat yogurt, and low-fat;.yogurt (collectively“ yogurt ” ) as set forth under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.Authentic Greek yogurt is thicker in consistency and richer in protein becauseit st

28、rained of liquid whey. But MPC offers an alternative to this process. It is, asdescribed on FoodNavigator-USA, “ a very high protein dry milk product, which hasbeen touted for use in Greek-style products to increase their protein content andprovide a thick, creamy texture without the need for expens

29、ive straining.”In its corporate eagernessto claim a larger share of the Greek yogurt market, General Mills adds MPC to Yoplait Greek because, as reported in the Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal, it is “ cheaper tostore and transport than wet milk and costsless than dry milk due to minimal tar

30、iffs on MPC imports and lower foreign milk prices. ” New Zealand is the biggest supplier of MPC to the United States. In short, asstated in the lawsuit, “ The use of MPC is financially advantageous to defendants.” Itallows General Mills to manufacture more product at lower cost, and that s the onrea

31、son it s in the yogurt.Never mind that the use ofthe substancein yogurt floutsFDA rules for thestandard of identity of the food. So far the extent of General Mills s defense is thFDA never explicitly prohibitedMPC in yogurt. That as lesson in logic. Anysubstance that is not explicitly prohibited is

32、officially permitted.Never mind, as well,the questionable safety of the substance, which is notincluded on the FDA list of substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) or on theFDA list of food additives. In other words, it hasn t actually been approved for use infood.1. The lawsuit against Genera

33、l Mills ( )A. is a leading factor that has caused the sales of Yoplait Greek to lag behind otherbrands.B. will make the sales of Yoplait Greek lag behind other brandsC. will help increase the sales of Yoplait Greek.D. has no direct relationship with the fact that the sales of Yoplait Greek have alre

34、adylagged far behind other brands.2. Authentic Greek yogurt ()A. is strained of liquid whey.B. thicker in consistency than Yoplait Greek.C. richer in protein than Yoplait Greek.D. contains MPC.3. According to the lawsuit, it is () that General Mills adds MPC to Yoplait Greek.A. for the improvement o

35、f its qualityB. for the convenience of transportationC. for the reduction of costsD. for the extension of its shelf life4. Which of the following statements is true?A. The FDA has approved the use of MPC in yogurt.B. MPC is on the FDA list of substances generally recognized as safeC. The FDA has nei

36、ther prohibited nor approved the use of MPC in yogurt.D. MPC is on the FDA list of food additives.;.Passage 5Apples have become the latest controversial entry into the genetically modified food debate, following a July 12 New York Times piece written by Andrew Pollack. Okanagan Specialty Fruits, a s

37、mall British Columbia company, wants to start marketing a non-browning apple, and it has applied for approval in Canada and in the United States.The Arctic apple, available so far in the Golden Delicious and Granny Smith varieties, contains an extra copy of a gene which interferes with the enzymatic

38、 activity that causes browning. The enzyme is polyphenol oxidase.According to Neal Carter, founder and president of Okanagan Specialty Fruits, the non-browning Arctic apple is just what consumers are looking for. A whole apple,he tells the Times, is “ for many people too big a commitment, ” and appl

39、e slices tha have browned just aren appetizing. (What a burden we bear to have to eat awhole apple, let alone an unsightly one.)Carter suggests that it is merely a cosmetic change intended to encourage peopleto eat more apples. But it s more than that, of course.It is intended “ toturn the apple int

40、o an industrialized product,”said LucySharratt, coordinator of the Canadian Biotechnology Action Network, as reported in the Times. In Common Ground, a Canadian monthly magazine dedicated to health, wellness and ecology, Yukon farmer Tom Rudge says, “ Weshould eat real food instead of genetically en

41、gineering an apple so companies can slice it, wrap it in plasticand truck it across the country.Organic” apple farmer Harry Burton of Salt SpringIsland sees it as“ an indication of our distancing from nature.”As Pollack reports, the U.S. Apple Association opposes the introduction of the Arctic apple

42、, but not out of any objection to genetic engineering. In fact, they declareon their website that“ in order to continue discovering new and valuable benefits fromapples, U.S. Applesupports advancements from technology and genetics andgenomics research.The” problem for U.S. Apple, Pollack writes,is t

43、hat thenon-browning Arcticapple “ couldundermine the fruit images as ahealthy andnatural food, the one that keeps the doctor away and is as American as, well, apple pie. ”1. As to the Arctic apple, which of the following statements is wrong? A. It will not turn brown.B. There is no enzymatic activit

44、y in its body. C. It is a kind of genetically modified food.D. The enzymatic activity that causes browning has been reduced.2. According to Neal Carter, ( )A. The non-browning Arctic apple is very popular among consumers.B. A new type of smaller apple will be developed to meet the demand of some con

45、sumers.C. The color of apples has nothing to do with ones appetite.D. The non-browning Arctic apple is more nutritious than other varieties.3. From what the organic farmers said, we know that it is undesirable to ( ) A. eat real food instead of genetically modified food.;.B. attach more importance t

46、o industry than to agriculture.C. cultivate farm products in an industrialized way.D. be close to nature.4. Why is the U.S. Apple Association against the introduction of the Arctic apple? A. Because it is against genetic engineering.B. Because it cannot benefit from this kind of apple.C. Because this kind of apple will undermine the fruit s image as a healthy and naturalfood.D. The reason is not mentioned in the passage.Passage 11. B.根據第一段可知， 人們永遠無法對什么是最佳食物這一問題達成共識， 人們永遠有理由說明自己選擇的食物是最好的， 別人不同于自己的食物是不好的， 所以選B.2. A根據第二段第一句（ For me, deciding ） 可知，作者在決定怎樣吃和吃什么的時候是有原則性的，所以選 A 。3. A根據第二段第二句