1、i動詞的時態和語態總結I.I.動詞的時態：1動詞的時態一共有 1616 種，以 askask 為例，將其各種時態的構成形式列表如下:現在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般ask / asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask進行am/is/are ask ingwas/were ask ingshall/will be ask ingshould/would be ask ing完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/would have asked完成進have/has bee nhad bee

2、n ask ingshall/will have bee nshould/would have bee n行aski ngaski ngaski ngII.II.動詞的被動語態:常用被動語態構成常用被動語態構成1一般現在時am/is/are asked6過去進行時was/were being asked2一般過去時was/were asked7現在完成時have/has bee n asked3一般將來時shall/will be asked8過去完成時had bee n asked4過去將來時should/would be asked9將來完成時will/would have bee nas

3、ked5現在進行時am/is/are being asked10含有情態動詞的can/must/may be asked注意事項被動語態的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態動詞后加n ot，短語動詞的被動態不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結構 be going to, used to, have to, had bette 變:為被動態時，只需將其后的動詞變 為被動態。女口：Trees should not be pla nted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.Newspapers used to be sent here by

4、 the little girl.漢語有一類句子不出現主語，在英語中一般可用被動結構表示。如：It is believed that It is gen erally con sidered thatIt-i-s said thatIt is wellknown that It must be poin ted out thatIt is supposed that is reported thatItmust beadmitted that It is hoped that下面主動形式常表示被動意義：如：The wi ndow wan ts/needs/requires repairi ng

5、. The book is worth read ing twice.2The door won t shut. / The play wonThaCtlothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面詞或短語沒有被動態：leave, en ter, reach, become, ben efit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happeoccur, bel ong

6、to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, con sist of, have oilose heart 等等非謂語動詞I.非謂語動詞的分類、意義及構成:非謂語形式構成特征和作用時態和語態否定式復合結構不定式to do to be doingto have doneto be done to havebee n done在非謂 語前加notfor sb. to dosth.具有名詞，副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀語分 詞現在 分詞doi ng havi ngdonebeing done hav

7、 ingbee n done具有副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做定、表、賓補和狀語過去 分詞done動名詞doi ng havi ngdonebeing done hav ingbee n donesb s doingJ具有名詞的作用 在句中做主、賓、定和表語II.做賓語的非謂語動詞比較:情況常用動詞只接不疋式做兵語 的動詞hope, want, offer, l ong, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, prete nd, man age, agree, afford, determ ine,promise, happe n只接動名詞做賓語 的動詞或短語mind

8、, miss, enjoy, imag ine, practise, suggest, fini sh, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, preve nt,keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, con sidercan t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of,be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of,

9、 be tired of, look forward to, devote on eself to, beworth, be busy, pay atte nti on to, stick to兩 者都 可以意義基本相同begi n, start, like, love, hate, prefer, contin ue （接不疋式多指具體的動作，接動名詞多指一 般或習慣行為）need, want, require （接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，右接不疋式則應用被動形式）意義相反stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事意義不同remember/for

10、get/regret to do （指動作尚未發生）remember/forget/regret doing （指動作已經發生）go on to do （接著做另外一件事） go ondoing （接著做同一件事）try to do （設法，努力去做，盡力） try doing （試試去做，看有何結果）mean to do （打算做，企圖做） mea ndoing （意識是，意味著）can t help to d（不能幫忙做）can t help doin（忍不住要做）3III.非謂語動詞做賓語補足語的區別:常見動詞與賓語的邏輯關系及時間概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get

11、, order, tell,want, wish, en courage主謂關系。強調動作將發生或已 經完成I heard him call me several times.have, no tice, see, watch, hear, feel,let, make現在分詞no tice, see, watch, hear, find, keep,have, feel主謂關系。強調動作正在進行， 尚未完成I found her liste ning to the radio.過去分詞動賓關系。動作已經完成，多強 調狀態We found the village greatlychanged.

12、IV. 非謂語動詞做定語的區別:區別舉例不定式與被修飾詞往往有動賓關系，一般式表示將來，進行式I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.表小與謂語動作冋時發生，完成式表示在謂語動詞之前 發生動名詞通常指被修飾詞的用途，無邏輯上的任何關系Shall we go to the swimming pool?現在分詞與被修飾詞之間是主謂關系，表示動作與謂語動作冋時the boiling water / the boiled water發生the develop ing coun try/the developed

13、過去分詞與被修飾詞之間是被動關系，表示動作發生在謂語動作country之前，現已經完成the falling leaves / the fallen leavesV.非謂語動詞做主語和表語的區別:區別舉例不定 式多表示一個特定的具體的將來的動作，做主語時可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表語有時可和主語交換位置，而且意義不變，并且還能用 what 來提冋主語或表語。My dream is to become a teacher. To obeythe law is importa nt.(dream, bus in ess, wish, idea, pla n, duty,task 做主語時常用)動名 詞與不定式的功能區別不大， 然而它更接近于名詞， 表示的動作 比較抽象，或者泛指習慣性的動作，有時也可以用it 做形式主語，做表語時可以和主語互換位置。It is no use say ing that aga in and aga in.Teach ing is my job.分詞無名詞的性質，不能做主語。但是有形容詞的性質，可以做表 語，多表明主語的特征性質或者狀態等，可被very, quite, rather等副詞修飾。現在分詞多含有“令人 ”