1、1.英語動詞有三種語氣， 陳說語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。2. 定義：用來表示說的話不是現實，或者是不能夠發生的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設的語氣叫虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的特點虛擬語氣的特點 1. 虛擬語氣用以表示假定，想象，愿虛擬語氣用以表示假定，想象，愿望等非現實的觀念。望等非現實的觀念。 2. 虛擬條件從句中的條件是假設的，虛擬條件從句中的條件是假設的，因此主句的結論也只能是想象的，非因此主句的結論也只能是想象的，非現實的。現實的。 3. 這些特點決議了它必需運用不同于這些特點決議了它必需運用不同于真實句的動詞方式。真實句的動詞方式。虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。條件從句 If 從句的謂語

2、方式 主句的謂語方式如今過去未來普經過去時過去完成時would/could/should/might +V.原would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.普經過去時2. were to do3.should+V 原would/could/should/might +V原1.If I had H1N1, I would know because I would feel sick and have a fever.2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice

3、, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.與如今現實相反與如今現實相反與過去現實相反與過去現實相反5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6.I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enj

4、oy a very happy life.(與未來現實相反)二：虛擬語氣特殊句型： wish 賓語賓語從句從句從句動作先于主句動作發生：從句動作先于主句動作發生：從句動作與主句動作同時發生：從句動作與主句動作同時發生：未來不大能夠實現的愿望：未來不大能夠實現的愿望：過去時were過去完成時would/could/might+V should I wish I were a bird. I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. 3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. 從句動作先于主句動作發生從句動作與主句動作同時發生未來不大

5、能夠實現的愿望2. would rather (that)如今：過去：未來：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.過去時過去時過去完成時3. as if /though + Clause 虛擬虛擬 從句動作與主句動作同時發生過去時過去完成時He looks as if he were drunk. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if

6、 it were spring. I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.從句動作先于主句動作發生留意：留意： 不接虛擬語氣的用法，表不接虛擬語氣的用法，表示能夠或真實的示能夠或真實的 情形。情形。It looks as if I am going to be busy.It looks as though it is going to rain.4.Its (about/high) time +(that)should +V.過去時他該走了。我們該去睡覺了。Its time that you went.Its

7、time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. (should不可省略不可省略)5.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。 賓語從句。常見動詞：賓語從句。常見動詞： 一個堅持，兩個命一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即令，三個建議，四個要求。即:1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, (sb. ) suggest, propose4. demand , require, request, desire 這些動詞后面的賓語從句要運用

8、虛擬語氣。這些動詞后面的賓語從句要運用虛擬語氣。即從句中的動詞即從句中的動詞 運用運用should + 動詞原形，動詞原形，或者將或者將should省略。省略。1.我們建議我們建議Tom 去休憩一下。去休憩一下。2.他堅決要求我到場。他堅決要求我到場。3.國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。4.他們要求我們派他們去那兒任務。他們要求我們派他們去那兒任務。We suggested that Tom (should ) have a rest.He insisted that I (should )be present.The king ordered that the pri

9、soners (should ) be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要運用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞方式一樣。 即：(should)V. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should com

10、e to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down. insist/suggest不接虛擬的用法1. She insisted that she was right.她堅持以為本人是對的。堅持她堅持以為本人是對的。堅持現實現實His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel.他的叔叔堅持要求他不要待在旅他的叔叔堅持要求他不要待在旅館里。館里。2. The look on his face

11、 suggested that he was unhappy. I suggested that the teachers wages (should) be increased.6.without和和but for 構成虛擬構成虛擬. but for(要不是要不是)Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.Without your help, I would have failed.But for water,

12、 it would be impossible to live in the desert.7. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一同就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一同就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！要是我沒錯過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!8. Its

13、 necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即should+動詞原形動詞原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.三：三： 虛擬語氣假設條件句型留意點：虛擬語氣假設條件句型留意點：1.假設條件從句謂語動詞發生的時間與主句假設

14、條件從句謂語動詞發生的時間與主句所假設的謂語動詞不一致，這種條件句叫所假設的謂語動詞不一致，這種條件句叫做混合條件句。主句和從句的謂語動詞要做混合條件句。主句和從句的謂語動詞要按照假設的時間而定。按照假設的時間而定。(“各歸各各歸各 的原那的原那么么If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.過去過去如今如今2. 虛擬條件句倒裝。虛擬條件句倒裝。 條件從句中有條件從句

15、中有should， were， had三個助動詞可以把三個助動詞可以把if省略，并將省略，并將這三個詞提至句首。這三個詞提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I wo

16、uld have run round the lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round the lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do?Exercises for the Subjunctive moodSummary一：虛擬語氣在條件狀語一：虛擬語氣在條件狀語 從句中的用法。從句中的用法。二：虛擬語氣特殊句型：二：虛擬語氣特殊句型：wish 賓語從句賓語從句would rath

17、er (that)3. as if /though + Clause 虛擬虛擬4.Its (about/high) time +(that)5.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。6.without和和but for 構成虛擬構成虛擬. but for(要不是要不是)7. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 從從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即句中的動詞要用虛擬，即should+動詞原形動詞原形9. 某些簡單句的固定句型：某些簡單句的固定句型：三：三： 虛擬語氣假設條件句型留意