1、拉丿j tensile force正應力 normal stress切應力 shear stress靜水壓力 hydrostatic pressure集中力 concentrated force分布力 distributed force線性應力應變關系linear relationship between stress andstrain 彈性模量 modulus of elasticity橫 向 力 lateral force transverse force軸向力 axial force拉應力 tensile stress壓應力 compressive stress平衡方程 equilib

2、rium equation靜力學方程 equations of static比例極限 proportional limit應力應變曲線stress-strain curve拉伸實驗tensile test屈服應力yield stress極限應力 ultimate stress軸 shaft梁 beam純剪切pure shear橫截面積 cross-sectional area撓度曲線 deflection curve曲率半徑 radius of curvature曲率半徑的倒數 reciprocal of radius of curvature縱軸 longitudinal axis懸臂梁 c

3、antilever beam簡支梁 simply supported beam微分方程 differential equation慣性矩 moment of inertia靜矩staticmome nt扭矩 torque moment彎矩 bendingmome nt彎矩対x的導數derivative of bending moment with respect to x彎矩對 x 的二階導數 the second derivative of bending moment with respect to xi掙;e梁 statically determinate beam靜不定梁 static

4、ally in determi nate beam相容方程 compatibility equation補充方程 complementaryequation中性軸neutralaxis圓截血 circular cross sect!on兩端作用扭矩 twisted by couples at two ends剛體 rigid body扭轉角twistangle靜力等效 statically equivalent相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes通過截血形心throughthe centroid of the cross section端餃支 pin supp

5、ort at one end端i古i定 fixed atone end彎矩圖 bending moment diagram剪力圖 shear force diagram剪力突變 abrupt change in shear force、旋轉和平移 rotation and translation虎克定律hook' s law邊界條件boundary condition初始位置initialpositio n、力矩面積法moment-area method繞縱軸轉動rotate about a iongitudinal axis橫坐標abscissa扭轉剛度 torsional rigi

6、dity拉伸剛度 tensile rigidity剪應力的合力resultant of shear stress正應力的大小magnitude of normal stress脆性破壞brittle fail對稱平mi symmetry plane剛體的平衡 equilibrium of rigid body約朿力 constraint forcegravitational force實際作用力actual force三維力系 three-dimentional force system 合力矩 resultant moment 標量方程 scalar equation、 矢量方程 vecto

7、r equation 張量方程 tensor equation 匯交力系 cocurrent system of forces 任意一點 an arbitrary point 合欠量 resultant vector 反作用力 reaction force 反作用力偶reaction couple 車女動約束 restriction against rotation 平動約束 restriction againsttranslation 運動的趨勢 tendency of motion 繞給左軸轉動 rotate about a specific axis 沿一個方向運動 movein a d

8、irection 控制方程 control equation共線力 collinear forces 平 1僑力系 plan ar force system朿光 a beam of light未知反力 unknown reaction forces參考框架 frame of ref ere nee人小和方向 magn itude a nd directi on丿l"|j約束 geometric restriction剛性連接 rigidly connected運動學關系 kinematical relations運動的合成 superposition of movement固定點 f

9、ixed point平動的疊力口 superposition of translation剛體的角速度 angular speed of a rigid body 質點動力學 particle dynamics運動微分方程 differential equation of motion 工程實際問題 practical engineering problems 變化率 rate of change動量守conservation of linear momentum定性的描述 qualitative description點線 dotted line劃線 dashed line實線 solid

10、line矢雖積 vector product點積 dot product極慣性矩 polar moment of inertia角速度 angular velocity角加速度 angular accelerationinfinitesimal amount 無窮小量 definite integral 定積分 a certain interval of time 某一時間段 kinetic energy 動能conservative force 保守力 damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系數 free vibration 門由振動 perio

11、dic disturbance 周期性擾動 viscous force 粘性力 forced vibration 強迫）5動general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬態解steady state solution 穩態解second order partial differential equation 二階偏微分方程externai force 外力internal force 內力stress component 應力分量state of stress 應力狀態coordinate axes 坐標系condit

12、ions of equilibrium 平衡條件body force 體力continuum mechanics連續介質力學 displacement component 位移分量additional restrictions 附加約束compatibility conditions 相容條件mathematical formulations 數學公式isotropic material各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 應變狀態unit matrix單位炬陣dilatation strain 膨脹應變the first strain invar

13、iant 笫一應變不變量deviator stress components 應力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 應力張量的笫一不變量bulk modulus體積模量constitutive relations 木構關系linear elastic material 線彈性材料mathematical derivation 數學推導a state of static equilibrium 靜力平衡狀態newton ' s first law of motion 牛頓第一運動定律directly proportional to 與成正比

14、stress concentration factor 應力集中系數state of loading 載荷狀態st venant' principle 圣維南原理uniaxial tension 單軸拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐標buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 臨界值stable equilibrium 穩態平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不穩定平衡條件critical load臨界載荷 a slender column 細長桿fixed at the lower end 下端固定free at the upper end 上端自由critical buckling load 臨界屈曲載荷potential energy 勢能fixed at both ends 兩端固定hinged at both ends 兩端錢支tubular member 管型桿件transverse dimention 橫向尺寸stability of column 柱的穩定axial force 軸向力elliptical hole 橢圓孑lplane stress平面應力 nominal stress 名義應為principal st