1、總部經濟與總部統計探討總部經濟與總部統計探討a tentative exploration into the headquarters economy and headquarter statistics 主要內容主要內容 main contentsl一、發展總部經濟具有重要戰略價值ldeveloping headquarters economy has important strategic valuel二、北京總部經濟發展走在全國前列 lbeijing is in the head of headquarters economy in chinal三、北京市應率先探索建立總部經濟統計體系l

2、beijing should try to establish the statistics system of headquarters economy一、發展總部經濟具有重要戰略價值一、發展總部經濟具有重要戰略價值.developing headquarters economy has important strategic value（一）總部經濟內涵（一）總部經濟內涵l總部經濟是指某區域由于特有的優勢資源吸引企業總部集群布局，形成總部集聚效應，并通過“總部制造基地”功能鏈條輻射帶動生產制造基地所在區域發展，由此實現不同區域分工協作、資源優化配置的一種經濟形態 lheadquarters

3、 economy can be defined as an economic modality with coordinated regional cooperation and optimized resource collocation which is created by some certain specific advantageous regional resources that attract a whole congregation of enterprise headquarter business, forming up what is called “headquar

4、ter convergence effect”, which, with its “headquarter- manufacturing base” functional chain radiating further ahead and thus driving up the regional development.l總部經濟概念由研究制造業而提出，但是總部經濟理論不僅適用于制造業，也適用于服務業等其他行業lthe theory of headquarters economy not only applies to the manufacturing sector, but also to

5、 other industries, such as the service industry.l三層次理解：資源配置方式 a mode of resource allocation中心城市經濟形態 an economic form of central cities企業發展模式 a pattern of enterprise development （二）總部經濟實現（二）總部經濟實現“三贏三贏”發展發展2.headquarters economy achieves “win-win-win”obtaining strategy resources with low costenhancin

6、g technological innovation capabilityobtaining convenient productive servicesenhancing brand valuerealizing innovation of concept and culturerevenue contributionindustry multiplierconsumer drivenemployment multipliersocial capital enterprise developmentthe development of the cities where headquarter

7、s locatedindustry developmentto promote employmenttax increaseto improve infrastructurethe development of production base where headquarters located “win-win-win”l總部1996年從蘭州遷入北京，資產5億元，2005年集團資產達到300億元，銷售額300億元，10年擴張60倍l藍星控股“藍星清洗”、“星新材料”、“沈陽化工”3家上市公司，在國內擁有25個工廠和4個科研機構。在海外擁有15個工廠，7個研發和技術服務機構，營銷網絡遍及全球1

8、40多個國家 l藍星集團不僅對北京經濟發展作出了貢獻，而且帶動了位于全國各地的生產制造基地所在區域的發展藍星集團the headquarter of bluestar co.removed from lanzhou to beijing in 1996 . the asset and sale of the company arrived at 30 billion rmb in 2005, expanding 60 times in ten years.（三）發展總部經濟在我國現階段具有重要戰略價值（三）發展總部經濟在我國現階段具有重要戰略價值 developing headquarters

9、 economy has important strategic value at the current stage in china 1. 總部經濟提升我國在全球價值鏈中支配權總部經濟提升我國在全球價值鏈中支配權headquarters economy upgrades chinas due dominance in the global industrial system l近年來我國經濟實力不斷增強，全球競爭力不斷提升近年來我國經濟實力不斷增強，全球競爭力不斷提升lin recent years, chinas economic strength continue to strengt

10、hen, and global competitiveness continue to upgrade.目前我國有210多種產品產量居世界第一2007年底世界經濟論壇（world economic forum）發布的20072008年度全球競爭力報告顯示，我國全球競爭力排名由2006年的第54位上升至2007年的34位l但總體來看仍然處于全球價值鏈和產業鏈低端但總體來看仍然處于全球價值鏈和產業鏈低端 lon the whole ,still in the low-end of global value chain and the industrial chain.發達國家擁有世界發達國家擁有世

11、界86%86%的研發投入、的研發投入、90%90%以上的發明專利以上的發明專利80 percent of the r&d invest and more than 90 percent of the patents for invention belong to developed countries.珠三角：珠三角：“兩頭在外，中間在內兩頭在外，中間在內”，大部分中小企業主要從事加工、組裝、裝配，大部分中小企業主要從事加工、組裝、裝配等附加值較低的等附加值較低的oemoem業務業務 l耐克全球耐克全球1000多個簽約工廠，中國有多個簽約工廠，中國有128家授權生產商。一雙售價家授權生

12、產商。一雙售價300美美元的耐克鞋，中國的出廠價格為元的耐克鞋，中國的出廠價格為10美元美元lnike has more than 1000 factories in the world, and 128 of them are in china. the selling price of a pair of nike shoes is 300 dollars, but its manufacturers price is only 10 dollars.l粗放式經濟增長方式（廉價勞動力、消耗大量能源、犧牲生態環境）粗放式經濟增長方式（廉價勞動力、消耗大量能源、犧牲生態環境）已走到盡頭，唯有轉

13、變經濟發展方式，才能改變我國在世界經濟體系已走到盡頭，唯有轉變經濟發展方式，才能改變我國在世界經濟體系分工中的地位，實現可持續發展分工中的地位，實現可持續發展lextensive mode of economic growth (cheap labor, consuming a large amount of energy, at the expense of the environment) has come to an end, china wont take the leading position in the world economic system and achieve sus

14、tainable development until it changes in the way of economic development l總部經濟是生產全球產業支配力的經濟總部經濟是生產全球產業支配力的經濟lheadquarters economy is an economy producing the ascendant of global industry積極推進總部經濟發展，逐漸占據產業鏈和價值鏈的高端，改變我國在積極推進總部經濟發展，逐漸占據產業鏈和價值鏈的高端，改變我國在全球產業分工格局中的地位全球產業分工格局中的地位 2. 總部經濟助推中心城市經濟轉型總部經濟助推中心城市

15、經濟轉型 headquarters economy drives the economic transformation of the central cities 工業化背景下的城市化，工業化的進程早于城市化，許多城市工業化背景下的城市化，工業化的進程早于城市化，許多城市尤其是中心城市面臨經濟轉型的巨大壓力尤其是中心城市面臨經濟轉型的巨大壓力many chinese cities, particularly the central cities, are presently faced with enormous pressure arising from their economc tra

16、nsformations.壓力一：資源環境壓力制約城市可持續發展 firstly: the pressure on resources and environmental constraints the urban sustainable development4.10%8%9.70%25%26%40%45%86%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%天然氣石油鋁水銅耕地鐵煤炭我國人均資源相當于世界平均水平的比重我國人均資源相當于世界平均水平的比重the ratio between chinas per capita resources and the world aver

17、age 壓力二：制造業“空心化” 對城市經濟持續發展提出新挑戰 secondly: manufacturing “hollowing” points out a new challenge to the sustainable development of urban economy.l許多大城市土地價格飆升、人工成本上升、環許多大城市土地價格飆升、人工成本上升、環境壓力加大等，迫使企業將生產制造環節從大境壓力加大等，迫使企業將生產制造環節從大城市遷到中小城市、欠發達地區，大城市制造城市遷到中小城市、欠發達地區，大城市制造業業“空心化空心化”現象嚴重現象嚴重lthe rising of lan

18、d price rapidly, the rising of labor cost, the increasing of environmental pressure in big cities, force manufacturing links move to small and medium-sized cities, under developed areas from big cities. “hollowing out” of big citys manufacturing is serious.單位：元四直轄市制造業工人平均工資變化圖四直轄市制造業工人平均工資變化圖 l 原有工業

19、布局隨著城市規模快速擴張，已經不適合在中心城區發展，產業發展原有工業布局隨著城市規模快速擴張，已經不適合在中心城區發展，產業發展需要從二產向三產轉型升級需要從二產向三產轉型升級with the rapid expanding of urban scale, the original layout of the industry doesnt suit for the development in the central urban area, the industry need upgrade from the secondary industry to tertiary industry.壓

20、力三：城市面臨日益嚴重的空間資源約束，如何提高單位空間的經濟產出是經濟發展面臨的重要課題 lastly: the city suffer from space constraints seriously. how to improve the space units economic output is an important subject of economic development. l第二產業處于低端環節，第三產業低級化，以商貿、餐飲、房地產等行業為主第二產業處于低端環節，第三產業低級化，以商貿、餐飲、房地產等行業為主通過發展企業總部和研發、營銷等價值鏈高端環節，帶動現代服務業發展

21、，提高單位空間的產出效率，推動城市產業升級和功能提升through developing the value chains high-end segments, such as corporate headquarters, research and development, marketing, to promote the development of modern service industry, achieve urban industrial upgrading and functional promotion.3. 總部經濟推動區域經濟協調發展總部經濟推動區域經濟協調發展 hea

22、dquarters economy promotes regional economics coordinated developmentl改革開放三十年來，我國總體得到快速發展，但區域間差距（沿海和內陸改革開放三十年來，我國總體得到快速發展，但區域間差距（沿海和內陸差距、大城市與中小城市差距等）仍較大差距、大城市與中小城市差距等）仍較大lfor the past 30 odd years since the reform and opening up to the outside world, and along with an overall economic development, c

23、hina has also seen an ever-increasing phenomenon of uneven development among different regions. gdp：2007年東部年東部gdp比中西部比中西部gdp之和高之和高6.21萬億（下圖）萬億（下圖）gdp: in 2007, the gdp of east china is 6.21 trillion yuan rmb more than west china and middle china.我國東部與中西部我國東部與中西部gdpgdp合計比較（單位：萬億）合計比較（單位：萬億）the gdp co

24、mparative between the east and west of china（tril.） 6.214.621.82人均人均gdp： 2007年我國東部地區為年我國東部地區為29703元元/人，中部地區約為東部的人，中部地區約為東部的51，西部約為東部的西部約為東部的44gdp per capita: in 2007, the gdp per capita of east china is 29703 yuan rmb. the gdp per capita of middle china is about 51% of that of east china ,and the gd

25、p per capita of west china is about 44% of that of east china.l區域發展不平衡如何解決，必須尋求在市場經濟條件下的區域合作，區域發展不平衡如何解決，必須尋求在市場經濟條件下的區域合作，基于區域間的區位優勢、資源差異來實現基于區域間的區位優勢、資源差異來實現l總部經濟以企業為載體，以市場為機制，以資源差異為條件，實現總部經濟以企業為載體，以市場為機制，以資源差異為條件，實現大城市與中小城市、發達地區與欠發達地區之間由原來的產品合作、大城市與中小城市、發達地區與欠發達地區之間由原來的產品合作、產品配套向功能合作、功能配套拓展升級，達到區

26、域經濟統籌發展產品配套向功能合作、功能配套拓展升級，達到區域經濟統籌發展和區域共贏的目的和區域共贏的目的城市之間、區域之間原有工業經濟原有工業經濟產品配套、零部件配套制造業空心化制造業空心化大城市與中小城市的產品配套逐步削弱拓展升級大城市與中小城市發達地區與欠發達地區總部經濟模式總部經濟模式功能合作、功能配套between cities and between regionsthe existing industry economyproduct matching and parts matchingmanufacturing hollowingproduct matching is tamp

27、ering in big, small and medium-sized citiesexpanding and upgradingbig cities and the small and medium-sized citiesthe developed regions and the developing regionsmode of headquarters economyfunction cooperation and function matching4.現階段我國發展總部經濟條件漸趨成熟現階段我國發展總部經濟條件漸趨成熟 conditions for the headquarters

28、 economic development of china in the present stage are by and large ripe l條件一：條件一：網絡將世界聯為一體，信息技術和通訊手段的飛速發展網絡將世界聯為一體，信息技術和通訊手段的飛速發展與廣泛應用，使總部與制造基地等能夠以很低的成本保持及時、與廣泛應用，使總部與制造基地等能夠以很低的成本保持及時、通暢的信息溝通通暢的信息溝通lthe first condition: the network together the world as one, the rapid development and extensive ap

29、plication of information technology and means of communication ,it makes the headquarters and manufacturing base maintain information communication timely and openly by low cost. l條件二：條件二：一批城市已經率先發展起來，特別是一些中心城市已經具備一批城市已經率先發展起來，特別是一些中心城市已經具備了吸引高端人才的條件，具有發展總部經濟的能力了吸引高端人才的條件，具有發展總部經濟的能力lthe second cond

30、ition: the first group of cities has been developed, particularly a lot of central cities have the ability to assume developing the headquarters economic and enhancing the global power. 根據中國社科院發布的2007/2008年全球城市競爭力報告，中國共有59座城市入選全球城市500強，其中上海排名第41、深圳排名第64、北京排名第66；跨國公司落戶指數前10名中，北京、上海分列第9、10位according t

31、o global urban competitiveness report 2007/2008, 59 chinese cities were selected as the worlds top 500 cities, and shanghai ranked 41st, shenzhen ranked 64th, beijing ranked 66th. l條件三：條件三：一批企業成為發展總部經濟的主體，推一批企業成為發展總部經濟的主體，推動我國總部經濟向更高階段發展動我國總部經濟向更高階段發展lthe last condition: a number of enterprises beco

32、me the mainstay of headquarters economy, to promote chinas headquarters economy to a higher stage of development2008年中國大陸25家企業入選財富世界500強，其中北京21家，上海2家，廣州1家，長春1家2008年中國企業500強整體實力明顯提高,中石油化工集團、國家電網公司、中國石油天然氣集團3家企業的營業收入突破了萬億元人民幣，有46家企業達到了千億元截至2007年底，中國近7000家境內投資主體在全球173個國家和地區設立對外直接投資企業超過1萬家，2007年中國對外直接投資

33、凈額為265.1億美元，是2002年的10.6倍 二、北京市總部經濟發展走在全國前列二、北京市總部經濟發展走在全國前列 .the beijing municipality possesses a front row position with its pioneering headquarters economy development in the whole country（一）北京總部經濟發展總體情況（一）北京總部經濟發展總體情況 the situation of headquarters economy development in beijingl北京總部經濟發展能力連續北京總部經濟

34、發展能力連續4年全國排名第一年全國排名第一l以跨國公司地區總部為代表的國際總部資源是北京總部經濟發以跨國公司地區總部為代表的國際總部資源是北京總部經濟發展的重要力量展的重要力量lregional headquarters of transnational companies and other international headquarter resources are an important driving force for developing headquarters economy北京有各類跨國公司地區總部北京有各類跨國公司地區總部4242家（其中經商務部認定的有家（其中經商務部

35、認定的有2020家）家）there are 42 transnational companies of various types headquartered in beijing北京有跨國公司地區總部性質的投資性公司北京有跨國公司地區總部性質的投資性公司153153家，占全國投資性公司總數的家，占全國投資性公司總數的50%50%以以上，位居全國中心城市首位；外資研發中心達上，位居全國中心城市首位；外資研發中心達239239家家there are 153 investment companies with the transnational regional headquarter natur

36、e, making up over 50% of the total investment-natured companies in the whole country, which ranks beijing with the top position in this respect. there are 239 foreign funded r&d centers stationed in beijing. l 以國內企業集團總部為代表的國內總部資源是北京總部經濟發展的另一重要力量lheadquarters of domestic enterprises and groups an

37、d other headquarter resources in china are another important force in the development of headquarters economy北京有大型中央企業集團北京有大型中央企業集團160160家，其中金融企業集團家，其中金融企業集團4141家。家。20082008年年財富財富世界世界500500強我國大陸強我國大陸2525家企業入家企業入選，有選，有2121家總部設在北京家總部設在北京there are 160 odd large central enterprises and groups presently

38、stationed in beijing, among which 41 are financial enterprises and groups.北京有非央屬企業集團北京有非央屬企業集團106106家，包括本土成長起來的企業，如聯想、方正等，以家，包括本土成長起來的企業，如聯想、方正等，以及從國內其他省市遷過來的企業集團，如經緯紡機、遠大空調、藍星集團等及從國內其他省市遷過來的企業集團，如經緯紡機、遠大空調、藍星集團等beijing also has 106 odd non-central enterprise and groups, including localized enterpri

39、ses and some migrated enterprises and groups from other provinces or cities in china.北京商務中心區北京商務中心區cbd beijing central business districtl20072007年底，入駐年底，入駐cbdcbd企業達企業達48664866家，其中世界家，其中世界500500強企強企業業130130余家、跨國公司余家、跨國公司800800余家；擁有經商務部或北京余家；擁有經商務部或北京市認定的跨國公司地區總部市認定的跨國公司地區總部2020多家，外商投資公司多家，外商投資公司8888家

40、家lby the end of 2006, 4866 enterprises had stationed in cbd, amongst which 130 were ranked as being among the top fortune 500 enterprises. there were some 800 transnational companies stationed in cbd, of which 20 have already gained recognition from the ministry of commerce or from the beijing munic

41、ipality. also stationed in cbd are 88 foreign investment companies.l20072007年前年前1010個月，個月，cbdcbd的的3.993.99平方公里土地上，創造了平方公里土地上，創造了45.145.1億元的區級地稅收入億元的區級地稅收入 lthe first ten months of 2007,the 3.99 2 land of cbd, absorbed 135,000 employees, created tax revenue 4.51 billion yuan.（二）北京總部經濟空間分布（二）北京總部經濟空間分

42、布 spatial distribution of beijing headquarters economy金融街金融街 financial street l國家金融監管機構人民銀行、銀監會、證監會、保監會等l全國性金融巨頭中國工商銀行、中國銀行、中國建設銀行總部，110多家股份制銀行、證券、保險公司總部和分支機構l外資金融機構瑞士銀行、紐約銀行、澳大利亞西太平洋銀行等20多家l國內大企業集團總部中國電信、中國移動、中國聯通、中國網通、中國電力等lthere are some 1500 enterprises of various types already stationed in the

43、financial street, of which there are 580 odd renowned enterprises and large group headquarters and 120 financial organizations. l金融資產總額占全國金融資產總額的70%，控制著全國90%以上的信貸資金和65%的保費資金lthe total financial property is evaluated to have reached 33 trillion yuan, constituting 70% of the national total with 90% of

44、 the national credit capitals and 65% of insurance premiums under control. the daily flux of capitals has exceeded 10 billion yuan.l金融街占地僅1平方公里，2007年實現三級稅收858.6億元，,占北京市三級稅收總額的1/5lfinancial street occupies only 1 km2，2007,the tax totaled 858.6 hundred million yuan, account for 1/5 of beijing.中關村科技園區海

45、淀園中關村科技園區海淀園 haidian park of zhongguancun science park l形成了以形成了以itit產業為主的高技術產業企產業為主的高技術產業企業總部及研發總部聚集區業總部及研發總部聚集區lit has formed a gathering area of high-tech corporate headquarters and r&d headquarters mainly based on it industry.l海淀園有跨國公司研發機構海淀園有跨國公司研發機構4040多家，多家，如如ibm ibm 、intelintel、microsoftm

46、icrosoft等，國內等，國內企業研發機構企業研發機構7070多家多家lat present, there are over 40 transnational r&d organizations such as ibm，intel，microsoft, etc alongside some 70 odd domestic enterprise-based r&d organizations.l聯想成為內地第一家進入全球聯想成為內地第一家進入全球500500強強的民營企業，新浪、搜狐、百度等一的民營企業，新浪、搜狐、百度等一大批企業登陸國際資本市場大批企業登陸國際資本市場 ll

47、enovo became the first private enterprises to enter the worlds top 500, sina, sohu, baidu and so on, a large number of companies enter the international capital market三、三、北京市應率先探索建立總部經濟統計體系 . beijing should make pioneering endeavors in establishing its headquarters economy statistic monitoring syste

48、m （一）總部經濟發展對統計提出了新的需求 the development of headquarters economy puts forward new requirement to statisticsl現行統計指標體系中沒有將總部型企業作為專門的類別進行統計lone is that enterprises adopting headquarters mode is not separated as an individual class in the current statistics index system.總部型企業的經營活動，在現有統計體系中并沒有獨立的、專門的清楚的標識，分

49、散在各個行業中，總部經濟對區域的經濟社會貢獻也就難以直觀的反映出來because the operating activities of these headquarter-mode enterprises are separated around various kinds of industries and not marked out clearly in the current statistics system, their contributions to the economic and social development of the corresponding region

50、s are hard to be reflected directly.l現行統計體系中能夠將部分總部型企業的經營活動提取出來，但難以涵蓋全部范圍lanother is that the current statistics system can extract only part of the operating activities of these headquarter-mode enterprises, but cant contain the whole scope of the operating activities. 現行統計體系中，現行統計體系中，“商務服務業商務服務業”中中“企業管理服務企業管理服務”，能反映出部分總，能反映出部分總部型企業的經營活動，主要