1、語法專題突破專題十情態動詞和虛擬語氣英英 語語2022內 容 索 引核心考點 課堂突破專項訓練 鞏固提升 核心考點核心考點 課堂突破課堂突破高考感悟高考感悟.單句填空1.(2020天津卷)jim says we _stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.2.(2020江蘇卷)if i hadnt been faced with so many barriers,i _not be where i am.3.(2018北京卷)in todays information age,the loss of data _cause

2、serious problems for a company.4.(2018江蘇卷)its strange that he _have taken the books without the owners permission.canwouldmay/canshould5.(2018江蘇卷)there is a good social life in the village,and i wish i _(have) a second chance to become more involved.6.(2018天津卷)i cant find my purse.i _(leave) it in t

3、he supermarket yesterday,but im not sure.7.(2018北京卷)they might have found a better hotel if they _(drive) a few more kilometers.8.(2018天津卷)if we _(catch) the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.9.my room is a mess,but i _clean it before i go out tonight.i can do it in the

4、morning.10.do you have bettys phone number?yes.otherwise,i _able to reach her yesterday.hadcould/might have lefthad drivenhad caughtneedntwouldnt have been.單句改錯1.(2020全國卷)i thought it must to be easy to cook._2.(2016全國卷)some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby._3.(2016全國卷)we ca

5、n chose between staying at home and taking a trip._4.(2015全國卷)we must found ways to protect our environment._5.(2014全國卷)we can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening to music._去掉tocanshould或去掉canchosechoosefoundfindsatsit考點歸納考點歸納一、情態動詞考點一考點一can與與couldcan表現在的能力,could主要指過去的能力。表示“過去成功

6、做成某事”時通常用was/were able tothe little boy can speak two foreign languages.could the girl read before she went to school?everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上,并不涉及此事真的發生),常譯為“往往會,有時候可能會”。常用于肯定句中although you can find bargains in london,its not generally a cheap place to sho

7、p.表示請求和允許。在問句中could語氣比can要委婉can i have a word with you?it wont take long.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中how can you be so careless?表示推測。常用于否定句和疑問句中,語氣較強he cant be in the classroom;the light is not on.cannot/can never.too/enough.表示“再也不為過”you can never be too careful when driving a car.cannot but do s

8、th./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”you cannot choose but go with me.考點二考點二shall 用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中,表示命令、許諾、警告、強制、威脅、決心等;此外,頒布法律、規定時也用shallyou shall do as your father says.each party shall respect the articles of this contract.用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方指示shall the man st

9、anding outside have a try?考點三考點三must 表示主觀上的“必須,應該”,其否定形式mustnt表示禁止。對比:have to表示客觀上的“不得不”,可用于各種時態the work must be finished as soon as possible.ok,then,you mustnt forget your medical card.以must開頭的問句,其否定回答用neednt或dont have tomust i pay in cash?no,you neednt/dont have to.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表達出說話者的一種不滿情緒can i

10、smoke here?no.go to the smoking section,if you must.表示對具體事情的推測,意為 “一定,肯定”,語氣較強,只用于肯定句中since nobody gave him any help,he must have done the research on his own.考點四考點四should與與ought to 表示義務,常譯為“應該”,用于各種人稱。ought to的語氣比should強烈parents should/ought to take good care of their babies.表示推測,譯為“可能,(按道理)應該”,多指對

11、未來合乎理想的情況或結果的一種期盼its nearly 8 oclock.he should be here at the moment.表示驚訝、意外等,常譯為“竟然,居然”you should wear slippers in the classroom.用在if條件句中,should表示可能性很小的一種虛擬語氣if i should see him,i would tell him the news.考點五考點五will與與would 表示意愿,用于各種人稱的陳述句中。would常指過去的意愿if you will read the book,ill give it to you.表示請

12、求、建議,常用于第二人稱,用在疑問句中。would語氣較委婉will you please close the window?表示某種傾向或習慣性動作,常譯為“總是,慣于”the door wouldnt open,no matter how hard she pushed.注意would 可表示過去反復發生的動作或某種傾向,后面接表示動作的動詞,不能接表示狀態的詞。used to表示過去的習慣動作或狀態,強調現在已不存在。i still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to disneyland at week

13、ends.考點六考點六may與與might 表示請求、允許、許可,might比may語氣委婉you may use my bike.表示推測,常用于陳述句中,語氣比較弱,把握性不大。might語氣比may還要弱life is unpredictable;even the poorest might/may become the richest.may/might as well+動詞原形,意為“最好,倒不如”you may/might as well do it at once.may well+動詞原形,意為“完全能,很可能”he may well be late for class.may

14、用于祈使句中,表示祝愿may you return in safety!考點七考點七need 與與dare 兩者都可以作為情態動詞和實義動詞。當作情態動詞時,后面要接動詞原形,通常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。用作實義動詞時,其變化和一般的動詞相同,有人稱和數的變化,構成否定句和疑問句時要借助于助動詞do,does,did。dare用作實義動詞,用于否定句和疑問句時,常省略后面的toive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.do you mean we neednt bring anything with us?the little girl

15、didnt dare (to) go out at night alone.need用作實義動詞時,若主語為動作的承受者,用謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義或用不定式的被動形式the house needs repairing.=the house needs to be repaired.i dare say為習慣說法,意為“我想,大概”i dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner.考點八考點八情態動詞表情態動詞表推測推測 在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能性。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示不太肯定的可能性,而can表示

16、理論上的可能性the news must be true.在否定句中只能用cannot/cant和may not。cant(不可能)語氣比may not(可能不、也許不)更強the news cant be true.在疑問句中只能用can,不能用may和mustcan the news be true?should 與ought to 可以表示對未來情況的一種期盼,常譯為“按理應當”he should/ought to be here on timehe started early.考點九考點九情態動詞情態動詞+have done could have done本可以you could ha

17、ve passed the exam,but you were so careless.cant/couldnt have done不可能做過i couldnt have enjoyed myself moreit was a perfect day.may/might have done可能做過sorry,im late.i might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.must have done一定做過the ground is wet.it must have rained last night.s

18、hould/ought to have done本應該/竟然做過look! there are so many mistakes in your composition.you should have fixed full attention on it.neednt have done本不需要做you neednt have gone to school,for it is sunday today.had better have done當時最好做過we had better have remained at home when our uncle visited us that day.

19、would like/love to have done寧愿做過i would like to have helped you,but i was too busy then.二、虛擬語氣考點一考點一虛擬語氣用于條件句中虛擬語氣用于條件句中if條件句的虛擬語氣用法例句與現在事實相反從句動詞:過去式(be用were)主句動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形if he were here,he would help us.與過去事實相反從句動詞:had+過去分詞主句動詞:should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞if i had been fr

20、ee,i would have visited you.與將來事實相反從句動詞:過去式/should+動詞原形/were+不定式主句動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形if it should rain tomorrow,we would not go camping.注意1.有時候假設的情況不以if引導的條件句形式表現出來,而是通過一個介詞短語、連詞或其他形式表示。常用的詞或短語有:without,with,but for(要是沒有),otherwise,or,but等。but for your advice,i could not have done it so

21、 successfully.2.當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時,稱為“錯綜時間條件句”,動詞的形式要根據主從句所表示的時間做出相應的調整。if we had booked a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.(從句說的是過去的情況,主句說的是現在的情況)if i were you,i would have gone abroad.(從句說的是現在的情況,主句說的是過去的情況)3.省略if的虛擬語氣如果if從句中含有were/should/had時,則可以省略if,把這三個詞置于句首,采用倒裝

22、語序。if i were you,i would go to the party.were i you,i would go to the party.if it should happen,what would you do?should it happen,what would you do?if you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.had you come earlier,you would catch the bus.考點二考點二wish賓語從句中的虛擬語氣賓語從句中的虛擬語氣用法用法 與現在事實相反過去式(be動詞用were)do

23、 you like the school?yeah.i only wish the classes were a little smaller.與過去事實相反had+過去分詞i wish i had been at my sisters wedding last tuesday,but i was on a business trip in new york then.與將來事實相反would/could/might+動詞原形i wish it would be fine tomorrow.考點三考點三謂語必須用謂語必須用“(should+) 動詞原形動詞原形”的的情況情況 表示“建議,要求,

24、命令”的動詞:一堅持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建議(suggest,recommend,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后面的賓語從句或由it做形式主語的主語從句中的謂語要用“(should+) 動詞原形”。這些動詞相應的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語也要用“(should+) 動詞原形”。the teacher ordered that the homework (should) be handed in on time.my mom suggests that we (should) eat out for

25、 a change this weekend.在it is important/strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame等+that從句,表示情緒、觀點等的句型中,主語從句中的謂語用“(should+) 動詞原形”。it is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.注意suggest當“表明,暗示”講時,不用虛擬語氣;insist 當“堅持認為”講時,不用虛擬語氣。the smile on his face suggested he was happy.他臉上的笑容表明他很開心。the bo

26、y insisted he hadnt stolen the money.那個男孩堅持說他沒有偷錢。考點四考點四虛擬語氣在其他句型中的虛擬語氣在其他句型中的使用使用 as if/as though好像當從句的動作與主句的動作同時發生時,從句謂語動詞用過去式he talks as if he knew all about it.he walked in as if he had bought the school.it is (high) time that.該是的時候了。從句謂語動詞常用過去式its high time that he did something instead of just

27、 talking.would rather寧愿當從句表示與現在或將來事實相反時,從句謂語動詞用過去式。當從句表示與過去事實相反時,謂語動詞用過去完成式i would rather our daughter stayed at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.id rather you hadnt told mike the bad news.if only要是多好表示與現在或將來事實相反的愿望時,句子謂語動詞用過去式;表示與過去事實相反的愿望時,句子謂語動詞用過去完成式if only i h

28、ad passed the driving test last week!專項訓練專項訓練 鞏固提升鞏固提升 .單句填空1.could i look at your pictures?yes,of course you _.2.i wish i _able to tell him all about it last night.3.if i _(have) more time,i would have gone with him.4.the jade emperor ordered that the monkey king _(arrest) right away.5.the man insi

29、sted that he _(send) there.canhad beehad had(should)be arrested(should)be sent6.how i wish i _(can) be three years younger!7._(be) i you,i would take an umbrella with me.8.look at the clock!its (high) time we _(go) home.9.he ordered the work _(start) at once.10.id rather you _(stay) at home all day

30、today.couldwerewent(should) be startedstayed.單句改錯1.you can be carol.you havent changed a bit after all these years._2.he brother mustnt be at home now,because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now._3.what do you think i should do?if you are me,would you talk to them? _4.dare you to

31、tell your parents about your school records?_5.it was suggested that an armed guard stood in readiness,protecting the president._canmustmustntcantarewere去掉tell前的tostoodstand6.he feels as if he is floating on a cloud._7.if i havent seen it with my own eyes,i wouldnt have believed it._8.he will recove

32、r soon.you cant worry about him._9.i still remember my happy childhood when my mother will take me to disneyland at weekends._10.sorry,i am too busy now.if i have time,i would certainly go for an outing with you._iswerehaventhadntcantneedntwillwouldhavehad.語法填空miss fang 1._ (not) read for very long

33、without getting a headache.her mother told her that she 2. _ go to the health service and see a doctor.“you 3._ see a doctor as soon as possible,”she said.“you 4._ need glasses.”when miss fang had free time,she went to the health service.the appointment clerk said that the doctor 5. _ see her at 3:30.miss fang replied that she 6._ not be able to be there at 3:30 because she had a class then.“the doctor 7._ take you at about ten to four,” the appointment clerk suggested.couldntshouldshouldmightcoul