1、第二部分語法專項突破第三板塊理清復雜句式專題三名詞性從句 對 點 訓 練 .單句語法填空(高考真題改編)1. (2019年全國卷)the polar bear is found in the arctic circle and some big land masses as far south as newfoundland. while they are rare north of 88， there is evidence _ they range all the way across the arctic，and as far south as james bay in canada.解

2、析：分析句子結構可知，所填詞引導同位語從句，解釋說明evidence的具體內容，從句中不缺少成分且意義完整，故用that引導。答案：that2. (2019年北京卷) what students do at college seems to matter much more than _ they go.解析：在介詞than后用where引導賓語從句，where在從句中作狀語。此處表示“學生在大學里做什么事似乎遠比在哪里上大學更加重要”。答案：where3. (2018年江蘇卷)by boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived

3、.解析：句意：坐船是到達這里的唯一方式，我們就是坐船到達這里的。which引導的是一個非限制性定語從句，其中空處引導的是表語從句，結合語境和by boat可知，此處意為“到達這兒的方式”，所以要用how引導。答案：how4. (2018年天津卷)the gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race.解析：句意：這塊金牌將頒發給在這場自行車比賽中獲得第一名的人?！癬 wins the first place in the bicycle race”為賓語從句，該從句缺少主語，且空處意為“任何人”，

4、故填whoever，相當于anyone who。答案：whoever5. (2018年北京卷)this is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.解析：句意：這就是父親教給我的永遠直面困難并寄予最大的希望。根據句意可知，表語從句中taught me后缺少直接賓語“教會了我什么”，因此用what引導。答案：what6. (2018年北京卷)without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.解析：句意：要是沒有他的幫助，我們就不會是現在的情

5、形了。根據句意可知，空處意為“情形，情況，形勢”，應用where引導。答案：where7. (2017年北京卷)every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the kite festival.解析：句意：每年，無論誰做出最漂亮的風箏都將會在風箏節獲獎?？仗幰龑е髡Z從句，從句中缺少主語成分，且表示“無論誰”，故填whoever。答案：whoever8. (2017年天津卷)she asked me _ i had returned the books to the library, and i admitted

6、that i hadnt.解析：句意：她問我是否已經把書還給圖書館了，我承認我還沒有歸還?？仗幰龑зe語從句，根據句意可知，該賓語從句要用whether/if引導。答案：whether/if9. (2017年北京卷)jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing _ she was heading.解析：句意：簡漫無目的地走在綠樹成蔭的街道上，不知道她將去往何方?？仗幰龑зe語從句，從句中缺少地點狀語，故用where引導。答案：where10. (2017年江蘇卷)we choose this hotel because th

7、e price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.解析：“half of _ it used to charge”是$20的同位語，即原來價格的一半是現在的$20；另外，of后跟名詞或名詞短語構成介賓短語，所以這里是賓語從句；賓語從句中的charge后面缺少賓語，所以用what來引導賓語從句，并充當賓語從句的賓語，故填what。答案：what11. (2016年江蘇卷)it is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to h

8、ope.解析：句意：通常情況下，對于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。分析句子結構可知，it作形式主語，that引導的從句作真正的主語，故填that。答案：that12. (2016年北京卷)your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.解析：句意：你的支持對我們的工作很重要。無論你能做什么，都會對我們有幫助。分析句子結構可知，所填詞引導主語從句，且在從句中作do的賓語，whatever意為“無論什么”，符合語境。答案：whatever13. (2016年北京卷)the most pleasant thing of the r

9、ainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.解析：句意：雨季最愉快的事情莫過于不受灰塵的襲擾。分析句子結構可知，此處是表語從句，且從句中不缺任何成分，故用that引導。答案：that14. (2016年天津卷)the manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. there is too much work to do.解析：句意：經理提了個建議我們應雇個助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子結構可知，空后的同位語從句用來解釋說明suggestion的具體內容

10、，從句中不缺成分且意義完整，故填that。答案：that15. (2015年全國卷)as natural architects，the pueblo indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.解析：分析句子結構可知，這是一個賓語從句。根據形容詞thick及結構可知，這里的意思是“印第安人要算出土坯墻的確切厚度”?？蘸鬄樾稳菰~，因此空處應用副詞，故填how。答案：how16. (2015年重慶卷)we must find out _ ka

11、rl is coming, so we can book a room for him.解析：句意：我們必須弄明白卡爾會在什么時候來到，這樣我們就可以為他訂房間了。根據句意可知，為卡爾訂房間需要知道的是到達時間。答案：when17. (2015年四川卷)the exhibition tells us _ we should do something to stop air pollution.解析：句意：這次展覽告訴我們，我們為什么應該做一些事情來防止空氣污染。分析句子結構可知，tell后面的賓語從句不缺主語、賓語；根據句意可知，此處表示“我們應該為防止空氣污染做一些事的原因”，故填why。答

12、案：why18. (2015年安徽卷)a ship in harbor is safe, but thats not _ ships are built for.解析：句意：船停泊在港灣里會很安全，但人們把它造出來可不是為了這個目的。分析句子成分可知，“ships are built for”是表語從句，從句中缺少for的賓語。因此填what引導表語從句并在其中作for的賓語。答案：what19. (2015年北京卷)_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.解析：句意：我們理解事物的方式與我們的感受有很大關系。根據句意可

13、知，此處應填how引導主語從句。答案：how20. (2015年浙江卷)if you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface. often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.解析：句意：如果你去河里或湖里游泳，一定要調查清楚水面下有什么。經常有巖石或樹枝隱藏在水下。所填詞在此處引導賓語從句，并在從句中作主語，故填what。答案：what.單句改錯1. (2016年全國卷)my uncle is the owner of

14、a restaurant close to that i live._解析：根據句意可知，賓語從句中缺少地點狀語，故用where引導該賓語從句。答案：thatwhere2. (2015年全國卷)after looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing._解析：found 后是賓語從句，從句中不缺少成分且意義完整，故用that引導，that也可省略。答案：wherethat或去掉where3if you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately. _解析：notice后是賓語從句，從句中不缺少成分且意義完整， 應用that引導， when多余，故去掉when。答案：去掉when4“he has ruined hi