1、用作定語時，動詞的 -ing 形式既包括動名詞又包括現在分詞 , 動詞的 -ed 形式僅是動詞過去分詞 動詞的 -ing 形式做定語在句中通常有兩個位置 ,如果是單個的動詞的 -ing 形式做定語 , 常放在被修飾詞前做 前置定語 ; 如果是動詞的 -ing 形式的短語做定語 ,常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語。如 :1.He is an attacking player.他是一個攻擊型的運動員。 （ 表示運動員的特征 ）2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一個令人難堪的問題。 （ 表示“令人 . ”）3.A little child learning to

2、 walk often falls.學走路的小孩常常跌跤。 （ 表示被修飾詞的動作或狀態，動詞短語后置 ）4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道來參加晚會的人數嗎 ?（ 表示被修飾詞的動作或狀態，動詞短語后置 ）注意: 當-ing 形式做后置定語時 ,可以相當于相應的定語從句。如 :1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday. A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday

3、. 一位寫小說的青年昨天來向我們作報告。2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin. The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我表妹。另外需要注意的是上面做定語的動詞 -ing 形式表示的動作是正在進行的工作或習慣性的動作，如果和主句 謂語的動作不能同時發生時，則不能用 -ing 形式做定語而必須用定語從句形式。如： 昨天來我們學校的那位教授在明天給我們做報告。3.The professor who came to our school yesterday will giv

4、e us a lecture tomorrow. 不正確的表述： The professor coming to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.總結： -ing 形式做定語通常從以下三方面考查 , 即:1）說明被修飾詞的性質 , 特征或用途。如 :1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他們將手術臺架設在一座小廟里。2.He may be in the reading room, for all I know.他說不定在閱覽室里。3.Ladies and g

5、entlemen, please go and wait in the meeting room. 女士們先生們 ,請去會議室等待。2）與被修飾詞為主動關系且表示正在進行的動作或習慣性的動作。如 :1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school. 有大約二百個孩子在這所藝術學校學習。2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher? 正在和我們英語老師談話的那位婦女是誰 ?3）有些-ing 形式已經轉 化成形容詞,常做定語用 來修飾物,表示“令人”。常用的此類 詞 有:exc

6、iting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing, disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting, satisfying, terrifying, frightening等。如 :那準時一段可怕的經歷。那項試驗是一個驚人的成功這本書缺了一頁。這些電鏡掃描照片1.That must have been a terrifying experience.2.The experiment was an

7、amazing success.3.There is a page missing from this book.4)有些 -ing 形式已經轉化成名詞 , 常做定語用來修飾物The scanning electron micrographs除了 -ing 形式能做定語外 ,如果 -ing 形式與被修飾詞是被動關系 ,就用它的被動式 ,即 being done. being doing 通常表示正在被做 , 常做后置定語。如 :1.The tall building being built now is our new school. 正在被建的高樓是我們的新學校。2.The question

8、 being discussed was presented by the headmaster. 正在被討論的問題是被校長提出的。-ing 形式做定語專練1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the .A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars.2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket the desert.A.cover

9、ing B.covered C.cover D.to cover3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most_ were from Germany.A.study;of whom B.study;of themC.studying;of themD.studying;of whom4._The question at present has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussingB.to

10、 discussC.been discussedD.being discussed5._China is a _ country to the third world.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6. _-Who is the man to the teacher?-A model worker _ our school.A.talks,visitsB.is talking;is visitingC.talking;visiting D.talking;visi

11、ted7. _How many of us , say,a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interestedin the discussion?A.attend B.attendingC.to attendD.have attended8._The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt答案 :D A D D B C B

12、B、動詞 -ed 形式作定語過去分詞作定語往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊 , 漸漸地成為一個復合詞。 這種分詞叫分詞 形容詞 , 實際上相當于一個單純的形容詞 , 除表示 “已完成 ”的動作之外 , 還表示 “被動 ”的意 義。 如：spoken English （ 英語口語 ）； iced beer （冰凍啤酒 ）；cooked food （ 熟食 ）; fried chips （ 炸土豆條 ）; 但要注意不及物動詞的過去分詞常表示 “完成”的動作, 而不表示“被動”意義。如: boiled water（ 開水 ）; fallen leaves（ 落葉 ） ; the risen sun（升起的太

13、陽 ）等。1. The tall man is a returned student 高個子的那個人是個歸國留學生。2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教師。（1）前置定語單個的動詞 -ed 形式,一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面 , 作前置定語。 The excited people rushed into building. 激動的人們沖進大樓。 Lost time can never be found again 虛度的時光 , 無法挽回。 （2） 后置定語少數單個動詞的 -ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定語。1. Every

14、thing used should be marked 所有用過的東西應該做好標記。2. The books left are for my students 剩下的書是給我的學生的。 動詞 -ed 形式短語作定語時， 通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面， 在意思上相當于一個定 語從句。1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活動嗎 ? （=That has been planned for tonight）2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success 這次會議有很多人出席

15、, 開得很 成功。（=which was attended by a lot of people）1) Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A. invited B. to invite C. being invitedD. had been invited2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16thcentury.A. having writtenB. to be written C.

16、 being written D. written3) The Olympic games, _ in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying5)

17、Mr. Smith, of the speech, started to read a novel.A. tired, boring B. tiring, boredC. tired, bored D. tiring, boring二、動詞 -ed 形式作表語過去分詞作表語并無 “完成 ”或“被動 ”之意，而是表示主語的狀態或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter 看完信后 , 他顯得很憂慮。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved 當我們聽到這件事時 , 被深深地感動了。A.A. payp

18、ayA.A. separatedseparated. . sparedsparedHe seemed quite delighted at the idea 聽到這個想法 , 他似乎很高興。作表語的 -ed-ed 形式可被 much,much, very,very, quitequite等所修飾。I I waswas veryvery pleasedpleased atat thethe newnews s 聽了這消息我很高興。HeHe grewgrew muchmuch tiredtired ofof thethe workwork 他十分厭倦這工作。HeHe seemedseemed qu

19、itequite delighteddelighted atat thethe idea.idea. 聽了這想法他似乎很高興。1)1) _CleaninCleaning g womenwomen inin bigbig citiescities usuallyusually getget _ byby thethehour.hour. . payingpayingC.C. paidpaidD.D. toto paypay2)2) AsAs wewe joinedjoined thethe bigbig crowdcrowd I I gotgot _ fromfrom mymyfriends.f

20、riends.C.C. lostlost D.D. missedmissed3)3)TheThe pilotpilot askedasked allall thethe passengerspassengers onon boardboard toto remainremain _ asas thethe planeplane waswas makingmaking a a landing.landing.A.A. seatseatB.B. seatingseatingC.C. seatedseatedD.D. toto bebe seatingseating 三、動詞-ed-ed 形式作賓語

21、補足語 能用作賓語補足語的過去分詞一般都是及物動 詞, ,表示被動意義或已完成意義 , ,有時候兩者兼而有 之。作賓語補足語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓 關系, ,即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。 如: :SheShe foundfound thethe doordoor brokenbroken inin whenwhen sheshe camecame backback她回來時發現有人破門而人。MyMy grandfathergrandfather hadhad hishis oldold househouse rebuilrebuilt t 我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。 動詞- -ed

22、ed形式作賓語補足語的基本用法動詞的 -ed-ed 形式可以在 “主語+ +謂語 + +賓語 + +賓語補 足語 ”句型中充當賓語補足語。在這一結構中 , , 動詞 -ed-ed 形式和它前面的賓語構成邏輯上的被動關系。如果這種 句子改為被動語態 , ,原來的賓語補足語變成了主語補足 語。1.1.I I mustmust getget mymy bikebike repairedrepaired 我必須請人修理自行車。（賓語補足語 ）2.2.TheThe girlgirl waswas foundfound beatenbeaten blackblack andand blublue e人們發

23、現那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。( (主語補足語 ) )(1)(1)動詞-ed-ed 形式可作表示感覺和心理狀態的動詞的賓語補 足語 , ,這類動詞包括 see,see, hear,hear, watch,watch, notice,notice, feel,feel, find,find, think,think, suppose,suppose, consideconside等r r 。I I havehave nevernever heardheard himhim spokenspoken illill ofof others.others. 我從未聽過有人說他的壞話。SheShe fel

24、tfelt a a greatgreat weighttweightt akenaken offoff herher mindmind 她覺得心里輕松了些。TheyThey consideredconsidered thethe mattermatter settledsettled 他們認為這問題解決了。(2)(2) 動詞-ed-ed 形式可作使役動詞的賓語補足語, , 這類動詞包括 make,make, get,get, have,have, keep,keep, leave,leave, holdhold等。I I havehave mymy hairhair cutcut onceon

25、ce a a monthmonth 我每個月理一次發。HeHe waswas tryingtrying toto makemake himselfhimself understoounderstood d 他正努力使別人聽懂自己。SheShe heldheld herher handshands pressedpressed againstagainst herher face.face. 她用雙手按著臉。“ havehave賓+ + 語 +done+done”結構有三個含義： （請人）把 某事做完。SheShe hadhad herher househouse repairerepaired

26、 d 她請人把屋子修好了。WhereWhere diddid youyou havehave youryour hairhair cut?cut? 你在哪兒理的發 ? ? 參遭遇某種意外情況。HeHe hadhad hishis hathat blownblown awayaway onon hishis wayway homhome e 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 SheShe hadhad herher walletwallet stolenstolen yesterday.yesterday. 昨天她的錢包被偷了。 完成某事 （ 自己也可能參與 ）。I I havehave hadh

27、ad allall mymy spellingspelling mistakesmistakes correctedcorrected我把所有的拼寫錯誤都改正了。HeHe hashas hadhad oneone thousandthousand yuanyuan savedsaved thisthis yearyear他今年已存了 10001000 元。（3 3） 動詞-ed-ed 形式可作表示希望、要求、命 令等動詞的賓語補足語，這類動詞包括 likelike，want,want, wish,wish, expect,expect, orderorder等 ”這一類 動詞的后面作賓語補足語

28、。HeHe wonwont t likelike suchsuch questionsquestions discusseddiscussedatat thethe meetingmeeting他不喜歡在會議上討論這樣的問題。TheThe studentsstudents wishwish thethe TVTV serialserial playsplayscontinuedcontinued學生們希望電視連續劇繼續播下去。(4)(4) 過去分詞用在 “ with+with+賓語+ +賓補”這一結構中 , , 過 去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。WithWith manymany brightl

29、ybrightly coloredcolored flowersflowers plantedplanted aroundaround thethe building,building, hishis househouse lookslooks likelike a a beautifulbeautiful gardengarden 周圍種了許多色彩鮮艷的花 , , 他的房子看上就像 一座漂亮的花園。1)1)- GoodGood morning.morning. CanCan I I helphelp you?you? - I I d d likelike toto havehave this

30、this packagepackage _, ,madam.madam.A.A. bebe weighedweighedB.B. toto bebe weighedweighedC.C. toto weighweighD.D. weighedweighed2)2)TheThe missingmissing boysboys werewere lastlast seenseen _n n earear thethe river.river.A.A. playingplaying B.B. toto bebe playingplayingC.C. playplayD.D. playedplayed

31、3)3)TheThe managersmanagers discussedtdiscussedt hehe planplan thatthat theythey wouldwouldlikelike toto seesee _ _ thethe nextnext year.year.A.A. carrycarry outoutB.B. carryingcarrying outoutC.C. carriedcarried outoutD.D. toto carrycarry outout4)4)Mrs.Mrs. BrownBrown waswas muchmuch disappointeddis

32、appointed toto seesee thethewashingwashing machinemachine sheshe hadhad hadhad _ wentwent wrongwrongagain.again.A.A. ititB.B. itit repairedrepairedC.C. repairedrepairedD.D. toto bebe repairedrepaired.單項選擇：1.1. FromFrom thethe datesdates _ onon thethe goldgold coin,coin, wewe decideddecidedthatthat i

33、tit waswas mademade fivefive hundredhundred yearsyears ago.ago.A.A. markingmarkingB.B. markedmarkedC.C. toto bebe markedmarkedD.D. havinghaving beenbeen markedmarked2.2. ItIt waswas soso largelarge a a roomroom thatthat a a hundredhundred peoplepeople lookedlooked _ inin it.it.A.A. losinglosingB.B.

34、lostlostC.C. toto loseloseD.D. havinghaving lostlost3.3. LawsLaws thatthat punishpunish parentsparents forfor theirtheir littlelittle childrenchildren s s actionsactions againstagainst thethe lawslaws getget parents.parents. A.A. worriedworried B.B. toto worryworryC.C. worryingworryingD.D. worryworr

35、y4.4.WithWith _ leavesleaves _ inin thethe earthearth everyevery year,year,thethe soilsoil becomesbecomes richerricher andand richer.richer.A.A. falling;falling; buryingburying B.B. fallen;fallen; buriedburiedC.C. fallen;fallen; buryingburying D.D. falling;falling; buriedburied5.5. SheShe waswas gla

36、dglad toto seesee herher childchild wellwell carecare of.of.A.A. taketake B.B. toto bebe takentaken C.C. takentaken D.D.takingtaking6.6.FriendshipFriendship isis likelike moneymoney easiereasier mademade thanthan . .A.A. keptkept B.B. toto bebe keptkept C.C. toto keepingkeeping D.D. beingbeing keptk

37、ept7.7. DonDon t t useuse words,words, expressionsexpressions opropr hraseshrases onlyonly toto peoplepeople withwith specificspecific knowledge.knowledge.A.A. beingbeing knownknownB.B. havinghaving beenbeen knownknownC.C. toto bebe knownknownD.D. knownknown8.8. JohnJohn rushedrushed outout inin a a hurry,hurry, _ _ thethe doordoorA.A. leaving;leaving; unlockedunlockedB.B. leaving;leaving; unlockingunlockingC.C. left;left; unlockingunlocking12.12.D.D. toto leave;leave; unlockingunlocking9.9. TheThe girlgirl _ forwardforward toto buyingbuying a a newnew goldgoldw