學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars訓練一WarmingUpandReadingⅠ.寫出下列單詞的正確形式1．violence______(形容詞）2．religious______（名詞）3．like(prep.)______(反義詞）4．harm______（形容詞）5．astronomer______(名詞：天文學)6．explode______（名詞）7．disappear______(名詞)8．global______(名詞)9．develop______（名詞）10．existence______（動詞）Ⅱ。把下列短語譯成英語或漢語1．inalldirections______2．______及時；遲早3．cooldown______4．______也,又；和……一樣好5．layeggs______6．______產生；分娩7．inone'sturn______8．______阻止；制止9．asaresultof。。.______10．______依靠；取決于Ⅲ。單詞拼寫1．Asweclimbedupthemountain，thedangersanddifficulties______（增加）．2．Asolutionhasnotyetbeenfoundtothe______（基本的）problemsofindustrialrelations.3．Thegasgivenoffbyautomobilesish______topeople'shealth。4．Thepresent______（制度)ofeducationneedstobeimproved。5．Itseemsgoodint______，butitdoesn’tworkinpractice.6．Willyouhelpmewiththiscrosswordp______？Itgotmestumped.7．Thea______ofthecityisverymuchpolluted.8．Withthed______ofmodernagricultureandindustry,oureverydaylifehasimprovedalot。9．G______speaking，girlsarebetteratlearningtospeaklanguagesthanboys.10．TheChinesegovernmentdidverywellinp______SARSfromspreading.答案：Ⅰ。1.violent2.religion3。unlike4.harmful5。astronomy6.explosion7.disappearance8。globe9。development10.existⅡ。1。四面八方2。intime3。冷卻下來;冷靜4.aswellas5.下蛋6.givebirthto7.輪到某人；接著8.prevent。.。from9。由于10。dependonⅢ。1。multiplied2。fundamental3。harmful4。system5.theory6。puzzle7.atmosphere8。development9。Generally10.preventing課堂鞏固Ⅰ。閱讀HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH，回答下列問題1．Howwerestarsandotherbodiescreated？A．Atomscombinedtocreatethem。B．Cloudsofdustcombinedtocreatethem。C．Watercombinedtocreatethem.D．Gasescombinedtocreatethem。2．Whichisthemostimportantforlifeappearingontheearth?A．Fire.B．Rock.C．Water.D．Clouds.3．Itcanbeknownfromthepassagethat______。A．plantsandanimalsappearedontheearthatthesametimeB．plantsappearedlaterontheearththananimalsC．earlyshellfishappearedearlierthanplantsD．animalsappearedlaterontheearththanplants4．Howmanyyearsdiddinosaursexistontheearth?A．Morethan140billionyears。B．Morethan140millionyears。C．Morethan140thousandyears.D．Morethan140years。5．Whycantheearthbecometoohottoliveon？A．Smallcleveranimalsproducemoreheat.B．Smallcleveranimalsproducetoomuchcarbondioxide.C．Smallcleveranimalsdon'twantheattoescapefromtheearth。D．Smallcleveranimalsliketoliveinahotplanet。Ⅱ。用方框里短語的正確形式填空1．—Didyoucatchyourplane?—Yes，wegottherejust__________。2。Thedishtastesgoodafterit______.3．Wearerepairingtheroof______paintingthewalls。4．—Willyougofishingthisafternoon?-Well，itall______theweather.5．Laceyhasabackinjurythatmay__________her______playingintomorrow’sgame.6．Whenschoolbeganlastsummer，mostofusmet__________.7．Micescattered__________whenacatappeared.8．__________teamwork，theyfinishedthetaskaheadoftime。9．She__________afinehealthybabylastnightinthishospital。10．Thesoldiermanagedto__________theenemy’sprison。Ⅲ.選詞填空(intime，ontime，innotime，atonetime，attimes,atanytime）1．—Whyareyouinahurrytoleavehere?—Togethome______tobathethechildren.2．Thesebusesarenever______andthepassengersarealwayscomplaining。3．WhileIamaway，pleasecallme______ifsomeonecomestoseeme.4．Youcan'timaginethislakeusedtobeabeautifulplaceinourprovince______.5．Herushedoutofthekitchen______whenheheardtheshout。6．______Isitsilentlyandwonderifthiskindofjobisworthalltheeffort.答案：Ⅰ.1.A2.C3.D4。B5。BⅡ.1.intime2。coolsdown3.aswellas4.dependson5.prevent；from6.forthefirsttime7.inalldirections8.Asaresultof9。gavebirthto10。escapefromⅢ.1.intime2.ontime3.atanytime4.atonetime5。innotime6。Attimes提示:intime“及時”；ontime“按時”；innotime“立即，馬上"；atonetime“曾經”；attimes＝sometimes“有時”;atanytime“在任何時候”.基礎達標Ⅰ.根據漢語提示完成句子1．__________（顯而易見），ablindmanoughtnottodriveanautomobile。2．Whathedoes__________（與……大不相同)whathetellsme。3．Hisfewmaterialpossessions__________（使可能)forhimtomovefromplacetoplacewithease。4．Theheavyrain__________（阻止我們爬山)；atlastwehadtodecidedonanotherthing.5．Theboy__________（名叫湯姆的)hasjustarrivedandisgoingtostudyChineseinChina.答案：1。Itisobviousthat2。isquitedifferentfrom3。makeitpossible4.preventedus（from）climbingthehill5.calledTomⅡ.單項填空1．There______bealotoftreesinfrontofourclassroom，butnowtherearen’tany。A．wouldB．usedtoC．wasusedtoD．gotusedto答案：1。B本題考查詞和短語的辨析.woulddo可以表示“過去常常做某事”；usedto意為“曾經”；be/getusedtosth./doingsth.意為“習慣于”。句意：過去我們的教室前有許多樹，但現在沒有了。2．Don'tshutthedoor______,please.A．videntB．violenceC．violentlyD．hardly答案：2．C修飾動詞shut應用副詞violently。3．（2009全國高考Ⅱ，13）Jennynearlymissedtheflight______doingtoomuchshopping.A．asaresultofB．ontopofC．infrontofD．inneedof答案：3．A句意：詹妮由于買了太多的東西差點誤了飛機.asaresultof“由于，因為”；ontopof“在……之上，在……的上面;加之”；infrontof“在……前面”;inneedof“需要”.4．Thegirlhatedtheboybutlovedhim______.A．atthesametimeB．intimeC．atatimeD．ontime答案：4．A本題考查相關短語的辨析。atthesametime“同時”。句意：她恨那個男孩，但同時又愛他。intime“及時”；atatime“每次，一次”；ontime“按時”.5．ProfessorSmith，aswellashisassistants,______ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.A．workB．workingC．isworkingD．areworking答案：5．C本題考查主謂一致。句意:為了按時完工，史密斯教授和他的助手夜以繼日的忙于這一工程。現在進行時可以表示目前這一階段正在干的事。aswellas連接主語時謂語動詞的單復數跟前面的主語保持一致,故用isworking.6．Someanimalsusetheircolorsto______themselvesfrom______.A．prevent;hurtingB．protect；hurtC．protect；beinghurtD．prevent;hurt答案：6．C動詞的用法區別。preventsb。fromdoingsth。“阻止某人做某事”；protectsb。fromdoingsth。“保護某人免于……";兩種結構中的from為介詞，后面跟名詞、代詞或動名詞，排除B、D兩項；動詞hurt與其邏輯主語themselves之間為動賓關系，故用過去分詞表被動。句意:有些動物利用自身的顏色保護自己免受傷害。7．Weare______happytohearofthesuccessofourteam。A．enoughB．morethanC．manymoreD．muchmany答案：7．B“morethan＋形容詞/副詞/動詞”這種形式用來表示被修飾的形容詞、副詞或動詞的強烈程度,其目的是為了加強語氣，意思是“非常;豈止；極其”。enough修飾形容詞、副詞需放在它們的后面;manymore用于修飾可數名詞；沒有muchmany這種用法。8．It______thatthemanagerwascontentwithwhatwehaddone。A．appearedB．lookedC．seemsD．appears答案：8．A本題考查動詞的用法區別。look，seem，appear都可以作“看起來”解。seem和appear都可以構成Itseems/appearsthat.。。結構，look則不能.A、C、D三項中只有appear和that從句的時態相吻合，故A項為正確選項。9．Itis______Tomtodrinksomuch;Iwonderifhe'sallright。A．likeB．likelyC．unlikeD．unlikely答案：9．C由下文的“我懷疑他是否正常”可知應用unlike，表示“不像”。10．Thecamera（相機）isn't______。Itstill______whereI______itamonthago。A．missed；lies；layB．missing；lies;laidC．gone;lays；laidD．lost；lays;lay答案：10．B第一個空表示“丟了"，B、C、D三項均可，missed不能表示此意，故排除A項；第二個空lie表示“位于”，而lay表示“放置"，至此C、D兩項也可以排除掉了.第三空lay是及物動詞，意為“放置”,表此意義時lay的過去式為laid.11．Shopsshould______opentilllateintheevening。A．beremainedB．remainC．leaveD．keeps答案:11．Bremain作系動詞時后接形容詞、分詞、名詞、介詞短語等，構成系表結構，表示“(繼續)保持，仍然處于某種狀態”。A、D兩項動詞形式不對；C項用作使役動詞缺少對象，要說成Shopsshouldbeleftopen。..在語法上才對。12．Myideaisdifferent______yours,thatistosay，Idon'tallow______here.A．from；smokingB．in；smokingC．of;tosmokeD．from；tosmoke答案：12.Abedifferentfrom..。和allowdoingsth.都是固定短語。13．Wecan'tcontinuetopretendthattheproblemofhomelessnessdoesn't______inthiscity。A．existB．liveC．beD．survive答案：13．Aexist“在存";live“生活；居住”；be“是"；survive“幸存”。句意：我們不能繼續妄稱城市里不存在無家可歸的問題了。14．Atlast，Imadeupmymindtospeakthetruth______ofthewholeclass.A．inthepresentB．atthepresentC．inthepresenceD．atthepresence答案：14．Cpresent作名詞表示“目前，現在”，atpresent＝now;inthepresenceof.。。意思是“在……面前”。句意：最后，我決定在全體同學面前說出真相。15．Theyhada______quarrelandJohnstormedout.A．violentB．cruelC．strongD．harmful答案:15．Aviolent“激烈的”；cruel“殘忍的，殘酷的”；strong作“激烈的”講時常形容感情；harmful“有害的”.句意：他們大吵了一架,約翰氣沖沖地離開了。綜合提升Ⅲ。完形填空Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainacts__1__ourprotectiveblanketon__2__。Lightgetsthrough，andthisisessential__3__plantstomakethefoodwhichwe__4__.Heat，__5__，makesourenvironmentstolerableandsomeultraviolet（紫外線的）rayspenetratethe__6__。Cosmic（宇宙的)raysofvariouskindscome__7__theairfromouterspace，but__8__quantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff。__9__menleavetheatmospheretheyare__10__tothisradiation;__11__theirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,__12__preventalotofradiationdamage。Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersin__13__.Dosesofradiationaremeasuredin__14__called“rems(雷目）”．Weall__15__radiationhereonearthfromthesun,fromcosmicraysandfromradioactiveminerals。The“__16__"doseofradiationthatwereceiveeachyearisabouttwomillirems；it__17__accordingtowhereyoulive，andthisisaveryroughestimate。Scientistshavereasontothink__18__amancan__19__farmoreradiation__20__withoutbeingdamaged；thefigureof60remshasbeenagreed。1．A.forB．withC．onD．as2．A.starsB．sunC．earthD．space3．A。withB．fromC．underD．for4．A。useB．liveC．eatD．get5．A。againB．alsoC．besidesD．too6．A.environmentB．spaceC．atmosphereD．earth7．A.acrossB．toC．fromD．through8．A.validB．enormousC．variousD．proper9．A.AssoonasB．AswellasC．AsmuchasD．Aspossibleas10．A。shownB．exposedC．facedD．covered11．A。butB．becauseC．soD．sothat12．A。getB．makeC．haveD．do13．A。earthB．atmosphereC．spaceD．environment14．A.piecesB．unitsC．partsD．elements15．A。receiveB．acceptC．bringD．catch16．A。conventionalB．commonC．generalD．normal17．A。shiftsB．convertsC．modifiesD．varies18．A。whatB．whichC．thatD．why19．A。putupwithB．keepupwithC．comeupwithD．catchupwith20．A。fromB．thanC．asD．away答案:1.Dactas“充當，起……作用”；actfor“代表，代理"；acton“按照”。本句意為：大氣層起到保護傘的作用.2．C由上題可知大氣層起到保護傘的作用，保護的應該是地球.故選C項.3．Dbeessentialfor“對……來說是首要的、基礎的”，固定搭配。4．C由題意可知植物依靠陽光來制造我們吃的食物，故選C項。5．D本句意為：熱也能使我們的生產環境溫度適宜，紫外線可以穿透大氣。also一般緊跟動詞;besides一般用在句前；too可用在句中，用逗號隔開。6．C根據上題所講,penetrate這個動詞后面應接atmosphere“大氣”這個名詞。7．D這里的comethrough相當于penetrate，“穿透”。comeacross“偶遇”；cometo“來到”；comefrom“來自”。本句意為：各類來自外部空間的宇宙射線穿透大氣層……，故選comethrough。8．Bvalid“有效的”；various“各種各樣的”；proper“合適的"。在四個選項中只有enormous表示“大量的”。9．Aassoonas“一……就……”;aswellas“除……之外"；asmuchas“和……一樣多”;aspossibleas“盡可能的”。本句意為:人類一離開大氣層就會接觸到射線。故選A項。10．Bbeexposedto“暴露于”，show“展示"；face“面對”；cover“覆蓋，涉及，包含”。根據句意應選B項。11．A本句前半句的意思是：人們一離開大氣層就會接觸射線；后半句意思是：他們的太空服和太空船會阻止射線造成的損害。前后應該是轉折關系,故用but.12．Ddo＋動詞原形的結構表示強調謂語動詞。13．C由radiation和explorers可推測，應選space（太空）。本句意為：射線是探險者在太空遇見的已知的最大危險。14．Bunit“單位、單元”；element“元素”；part“部分”；piece“碎片"。本句意為：射線的多少可以以雷目這個測量單位測量。15．Areceive表示客觀收到；accept表示主觀接受。我們受到的輻射并非主觀接受。16．Dconventional“傳統的”;common“共同的，普通的”；general“一般的,總體的”;normal“正常的”。本句意為：我們每年接受的正常輻射量大約為2毫雷目。故選normal。17．Dshift“移動”;convert“轉換”;modify“修改”；vary“變化"。本句句意：所處地點不同,所受輻射量也不一樣……，故選varies。18．C本句應填入引導賓語從句的代詞，而從句不缺少主語和賓語,因而不選擇what和which，加之主句是陳述語氣，故選擇that。19．Aputupwith“忍受”，固定搭配。keepupwith和catchupwith意為“跟上”,comeupwith意為“提出”。20．B與前面的more相對應。Ⅳ。閱讀表達Ifthesunhasenoughpowertowarmandlightthewholeearth,itmusthaveenoughpowertodootherthings，too.Canweusethesun’sabundantenergytosupplyelectricity，oratleasttoperformthefunctionswhichelectricityorothertypesofpowerusuallyperform?Theanswerisyes.Forexample,peoplehaveformanyyearsbeenusingthereflectedheatofthesuntocook.Solarcookershavebeenbuiltwithseveralcurved(彎曲）mirrorsreflectingthesunandfocusingitsheatonthecookingcomponent.This_equipment_can_be_used_just_like_a_gas_or_electric_stove;it_is_more_expensive_to_make_but_it_does_not_need_any_fuel，and_so_costsnothing_to_use。Anotherpossibilityofusingsolarenergyisinhouseheating。Theformofenergyweusemostiselectricity，andeverydaymoreisneeded.Butelectricityhastobemade，too，andtomakeit______arerequired-oil，gasandnowadaysevenuranium（鈾)．Thequestionwhichworrieseveryonetodayis：howlongwillthesefuelslast？Nobodyknowsitforsure,butmostexpertsthinkitwillsoonbedifficulttoobtainsufficientelectricityfromthesesources.Itispossiblethatthesuncanmakeacontributionhere,too。Solarpowerhasalreadybeenusedtoproduceterrificheat.InSouthernFranceasolarfurnace(hugestove)hasbeenbuilt，wheretemperaturesreachmorethan3000℃。Thisfurnaceisonlyusedforexperimentsatpresent，butcouldbeusedtoproducestreamforapowerstation.1．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？（Pleaseanswerwithin10words.）__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________