專業英語八級(閱讀)模擬試卷25(共

9套)

(共198題)

專業英語八級(閱讀)模擬試卷第1套

一、選擇題(本題共14題，每題1.0分，共14分。)

PassageOne(1)1wassurethat1hadfoundatlasttheonetruecosmopolitesinceAdam,

andIlistenedtohisworldwidediscoursefearfullestIshoulddiscoverinitthelocalnote

ofthemereglobe-trotter.Buthisopinionsnevernutteredordrooped;hewasasimpartial

(ocities,countriesandcontinentsasthewindsorgravitation.AndasE.Rushmore

CoglanprattledofthislittleplanetIthoughtwithgleeofagreatalmost-cosmopolitewho

wroteforthewholeworldanddedicatedhimselftoBombay.Inapoemhehastosaythat

thereisprideandrivalrybetweenthecitiesoftheearth,andthat"thementhatbreed

fromthem,theytrafficupanddown,butclingtotheircities'hemasachildtothe

mother'sgown."Andwhenevertheywalk"byroaringstreetsunknown"theyremember

theirnativecity"mostfaithful,foolish,fond;makinghermere-brcathcdnametheirbond

upontheirbond."AndmyglsewasrousedbecauseIhadcaughtMr.Kiplingnapping.

HereIhadfoundamannotmadefromdust;onewhohadnonarrowboastsofbirthplace

orcountry,onewho,ifhebraggedatall,wouldhragofhiswholeroundglobeagainstthe

MartiansandtheinhabitantsoftheMoon.(2)Expressiononthesesubjectswas

precipitatedfromE.RushmoreCoglanbythethirdcornertoourtable.WhileCoglanwas

describingtomethetopographyalongtheSiberianRailway(heorchestraglidedintoa

medley.Theconcludingairwas"Dixie",andastheexhilaratingnotestumbledforth

(heywerealmostoverpoweredbyagreatclappingofhandsfromalmosteverytable.I

hastenedtoaskhimaquestionbecauseIwantedtotryoutatheoryIhad.(3)"Wouldyou

mindtellingme,"Ibegan,"whetheryouarefrom—"(4)ThefistofE.RushmoreCoglan

bangedthetableandIwasjarredintosilence.(5)"Excuseme,"saidhe,"butthat'sa

questionIneverliketohearasked.Whatdoesitmatterwhereamanisfrom?Isitfairto

judgeamanbyhispost-officeaddress?Why,I'veseenKentuckianswhohatedwhiskey,

Virginianswhoweren'tdescendedfromPocahontas,Indianianswhohadn'twrittena

novel,Mexicanswhodidn'twearvelvettrouserswithsilverdollarssewedalongthe

scams,funnyEnglishmen,spendthriftYankees,cold-bloodedSoutherners,narrow-

mindedWesterners,andNewYorkerswhoweretoobusytostopforanhouronthestreet

iowatchaone-arniedgrocer'sclerkdoupcranberriesinpaperbags.Leiamanbeaman

anddon'thandicaphimwiththelabelofanysection."(6)"Pardonme,"Isaid,"butmy

curiositywasnotaltogetheranidleone.Iknow(heSouth,andwhen(hebandplays'

Dixie'Iliketoobserve.Ihaveformedthebeliefthatthemanwhoapplaudsthatairwith

specialviolenceandostensiblesectionalloyaltyisinvariablyanativeofeitherSecaucus,

N.J.,orthedistrictbetweenMurrayHillLyceumandtheHarlemRiver,thiscity.Iwas

abouttoputmyopiniontothetestbyinquiringofthisgentlemanwhenyouinterrupted

withyourown—largertheory,Imustconfess.**(7)"I'vebeenaroundtheworldtwelve

times,"saidhe."It'samightylittleoldworld.What'stheuseofbraggingaboutbeing

fromtheNorth,oriheSouth,ortheoldmanorhouseinthedale,orEuclidavenue,

Cleveland,orPike'sPeak,orFairfaxCounty,Va.,orHooligan'sFlatsoranyplace?It'll

beabetterworldwhenwequitbeingfoolsaboutsomemildewedtownortenacresof

swamplandjustbecausewehappenedtobebornthere."(8)"Youseemtobeagenuine

cosmopolite/'Isaidadmiringly."Butitalsoseemsthatyouwoulddecrypatriotism."(9)

"Arelicofthestoneage,"declaredCoglan,warmly."Weareallbrothers-Chinamen,

Englishmen,Zulus,PatagoniansandthepeopleinthebendoftheKawRiver.Someday

allthispettyprideinone'scityorStateorsectionorcountrywillbewipedout.andwe'll

allbecitizensoftheworld,asweoughttobe."(10)"Butwhileyouarewanderingin

foreignlands,"Ipersisted,"donotyourthoughtsreverttosomespot—somedearand—"

(11)"Naryaspot,"interruptedE.R.Coglan,flippantly."Theterrestrial,globular,

planetaryhunkofmatter,slightlyflattenedatthepoles,andknownastheEarth,ismy

abode.I'mnottieddowntoanythingthatisn't8,000milesindiameter.Justputmedown

asE.RushmoreCoglan,citizenoftheterrestrialsphere."(12)Mycosmopolitemadea

largeadieuandleftme,forhethoughthesawsomeonethrough(hechatterandsmoke

whomheknew.Isatreflectinguponmyevidentcosmopoliteandwonderinghowthe

poethadmanagedtomisshim.HewasmydiscoveryandIbelievedinhim.Howwasit?

"Themen(hatbreedfrom(hem(heytrafficupanddown,butclingtotheircities1hemas

achildtothemothersgown."NotsoE.RushmoreCoglan.Withthewholeworldfor

his—(13)Mymeditationswereinterruptedbyatremendousnoiseandconflictinanother

partofthecafe.Isawabovetheheadsof(heseatedpatronsE.RushmoreCoglananda

strangertomeengagedinterrificbattle.TheyfoughtbetweenthetableslikeTitans,and

glassescrashed,andmencaughttheirhatsupandwereknockeddown,andabrunette

screamed,andablondebegantosing"Teasing".(14)Mycosmopolitewassustainingthe

prideandreputationoftheEarthwhenthewaitersclosedinonbothcombatantswith

theirfamousflyingwedgeformationandborethemoutside,stillresisting.(15)Icalled

McCarthy,oneoftheFrenchgarcons,andaskedhimthecauseoftheconflict.(16)"The

manwiththeredtic(thatwasmycosmopolite)",saidhe,"gothotonaccountofthings

saidaboutthebumsidewalksandwatersupplyoftheplacehecoinefrombytheother

guy.M(17)"Why,"saidLbewildered,"thatmanisacitizenoftheworld—acosmopolite.

He—"(18)"OriginallyfromMattawamkeag,Maine,"hesaid,continuedMcCarthy,"and

hewouldn'tstandfornoknockin*(heplace."

1、ItcanbeinferredfromPara.1thatMr.Kiplingmight.

A、beagainstarroganceandcompetition

B、havetravelledallaroundtheworld

C、regardithardtofindatruecosmopolite

D^haveneverboastedofhisownhometown

標準答案；C

知識點解析：推斷題、根據題干定位至文章第一段。該段第三句開始提及了一位詩

人，從后文來看，這位詩人就是吉卜林先生。在詩中他對人們狹隘的地方主義思想

進行了描述和抨擊，而“我”在見到科格蘭先生，并稱贊他是一位世界公民之后，本

段第六句提到，“我”抓住了吉卜林先生的小辮子，可見吉卜林先生可能認為很難找

到一位真正的世界公民，故［C］為答案。從“我”引用吉卜林的詩作可以看出，他所

反對的是地方主義，而不是傲慢和競爭，因此排除［A］；作者在第三句中僅僅提到

吉卜林為整個世界寫作，并沒有說他曾環游世界，故排除［B］；［D］”從未夸耀過他

自己的故鄉”在原文中并未提及，故排除。

2、HowdidMr.Coglanfeelabout"my"questionaboutwherehecamefrom?

A^Astonished.

B、Enthusiastic.

C、Humiliated.

D、Frightened.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節題。根據題干定位至第三段至第五段。第三段中“我”問科格蘭先

生是哪里的人，第四段中他的反應是將拳頭用力砸在桌子上，把“我”嚇了一跳，可

見他情緒較為激動，而具體的感受則在第五段進行了解釋，科格蘭表示決不喜歡聽

到這種問話，因為他反對按照家鄉給人們貼上相應的“標簽”，可見這種激動是一種

憤怒和受到羞辱后的反應，這與［C］表述一致，故［C］為答案。同時排除［A「驚訝的”

和［B］熱情的“；而［D］“害怕的”是“我”在看到科格蘭的反應后的感受，不是科格蘭的

表現，故排除。

3、WhatmightMr.Coglanthinkofthepatriotism"I"havementioned?

A^Itwasbehindthetimes.

B、Itshouldbecherished.

C、Itwashardtoforget.

D、Itdidn'texistatall.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：推斷題。根據題干定位至第八段和第九段。第八段中“我”說科格蘭是

位貨真價實的世界公民，但他似乎也詆毀了愛國主義，而第九段中科格蘭的第?句

話是“石器時代的殘余“，根據上下文關系，這是對愛國主義的評價和認識，可見他

認為這種思想是過時的，故［A］為答案。從上文可以看出，科格蘭稱自己反對任何

與地方主義有關的思想，I大此易排除［B］“應該被珍視”和［C］“難以忘懷”；而對于這

種思想是否存在，他并未提及，故排除［D］。

4、TheconflictbetweenMr.Coglanandthemanrevealed.

A、thatMr.Coglandeeplyresentedhishometown

B、whatMr.Coglandidandsaidwascontradictory

C、howMr.Coglanwoulddefendhisowndignity

D、whyMr.Coglanwassoopposedtolocalism

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推斷題。根據題干定位至第十三段至文末。第十三段講到科格蘭先生

與一個“我”不認識的人發生了激烈搏斗，而第十六段給出搏斗的原因。他是因為陌

生人詆毀他的家鄉而被激怒，可見他雖然嘴上反對任何形式的地方主義，但實際上

自己還是受這種思想的牽絆，其言行是相互矛盾的，故［B］為答案，同時排除

［D］”他為什么反對地方主義”。旁人對其家鄉評價差就激怒了科格蘭先生，這不能

說明他憎惡自己的家鄉，因此排除IA］；科格蘭與此人發生了激烈搏斗，以至被強

行推出咖啡館，早就沒有了矜持和自尊，故排除［C］。

5、Theauthorwindedupthestorywithatoneof.

A^humor

B、approval

C^sincerity

D、satire

標準答案：D

知識點解析：態度題。根據題干定位至文末。作者在此處講到自稱反對地方主義的

世界公民科格蘭先生因為別人詆毀自己的家鄉而和人大打出手，以至于連自己的尊

嚴都不顧了，而此前的大量篇幅都在渲染這位世界公民認為天下平等，反對地方主

義的各種說法，結尾處提到他的這種行為，揭示出這個人的虛偽和丑態，也表現出

作者對這種人的諷刺，故［D］為答案，同時排除［A］幽默”、出「贊賞”和［C］“真誠”。

PassageTwo(I)Britain'seconomywilllosemomentumthisyearamidsqueezedliving

standardsanduncertaintyoverBrexitandtheinconclusiveelectionresult,leadingratings

agencieshavepredicted.(2)Moody'ssaidthequalmsabouttalksinBrusselsandthe

minoritygovernmenthaveincreasedtheU.K.'spoliticalandfinancialrisks.Analystsat

(heratingsagencysaidtheU.K.economyhasstartedtoslowandtheyexpectit(o

weakenconsiderablythroughout(herestof(heyear,addingthatitwasunclearifthe

governmentcoulddelivera"reasonablygood"Brexitdeal.(3)Moody'ssaidthe

governmentappearedtobepursuingobjectivespointingtowardsahardexitandsaid

growthprospectsoverthemediumtermcouldbe"materiallyweaker"iftheU.K.failsto

signatradedealallowingaccesstothesinglemarket.KathrinMuehlbronner,asenior

vicepresidentatMoody's,said;"Thelikelihoodofanabrupt—anddamagingexit—with

noagreementandreversiontoWorldTradeOrganizationtradingruleshasincreased

comparedtoourexpectationafterthereferendum,withthegovernmentsofarpursuing

objectivesthatimplyahardexit."(4)Weakerpublicfinancescouldleadtoa"further

delayinreversingtherisingtendofpublicdebt",theagencywarnedinareport.

However,itsaidtheBankofEngland'scredibilityshouldensurefinancialstability,with

exchangerateflexibilitygivingsupportforexports.(5)Anotherratingsagency,Standard

&Poor's,alsopredictedafallintheU.K.*sgrowthrate-fromI.8%in2016toI.4%in

2017and0.8%in2018一addingthattheoutlookmightbeevenworseiftheBrexittalks

betweenBritainand(heEUgobadly.(6)Despitespeculationofanincreaseininterest

ratesfromtheBankofEnglandnextmonth,S&Psaid(heweaknessoftheeconomy

wouldresultinborrowingcostsbeingleftonholdat0.25%foranothertwoyears.S&P

'ssenioreconomist,BorisGlass,said;"Givendemandweakness,thetemporarynatureof

importedinflation,moderatedomesticwagepressures,andBrexituncertainties,we

expecttheBankofEngland'scurrentukra-accommodativestanceiocontinueoverthe

mediumtermandexpectafirstratehiketooccuronlyinmid-2019."(7)S&Psaidthe

bctter-than-prcdictcdperformanceoftheeconomyin2016hadbeentheresultof

"extraordinarilyrobustconsumerspending"butaddedthatthepressureonhouseholds

frompricesrisingmorerapidlythanwageswaslikelytopersistfortherestof2017and

into2018.(8)FiguresdueoutonWednesdaywillshowwhetherthelowest

unemploymentsincethe1970shasstartedtohaveanupwardeffectonearnings,which

arecurrentlygrowingbyjustover2%ayear.Inflationasmeasuredbytheconsumer

pricesindexisrunningal2.9%,whiletheretailpricesindexis3.7%.(9)The

depreciationofthepoundwouldmake(heU.K.exportsmorecompetitivebutwould

onlyaddbetween0.2and0.3percentagepointstogrowthfrom2017to2020.S&Psaid

astudyofthedatashowedthatsomeU.K.exportershadtakenadvantageofthefallin

sterlingtoraisetheirpricesratherthantobreakintonewmarkets.Theagencysaidthat

whilethepriceincreasesweretosomeextentamatterofchoice,theywerelikelytohave

beennecessaryforfirmsthatreliedonimportswhichhadbecomemoreexpensiveasa

resultofthefallingexchangerate.WithfirmsmakingBrexitcontingencyplans,

investmentwasbeingshelvedratherthangiventhego-ahcad.(10)"Ourforecastsfor

slowergrowtharcsubjecttoconsiderabledownsiderisks,stemmingmainlyfromBrexit

uncertainties,"Glasssaid."Forexample,thestagingofthenegotiations,withthe'divorce'

settlementbeingnegotiatedbeforeanyfuturerelationshipwiththeEUisaddressed,

meansthatshouldtheseparationnegotiationsstall,therewouldbelesstimeleftfor

negotiatingthefuturetraderelationship,riskingacliffedge.""Ingeneral,should

negotiationsstallforanextendedperiod,thiscouldtranslateintoafurthersignificant

depreciationofsterlingandaconsequentriseininflation."(11)BenBroadbent,oneof

(heBankofEngland'sdeputygovernors,saidasharpdropin【heU.K.tradewiththeEU

afterBrexitwouldbebadfortheeconomy.InaspeechinAberdeenthatfocusedonthe

benefitsofinternational(rade,Broadbentsaid:"Putsimply,asignificantcurtailmentof

tradewithEuropewouldfore?theU.K.toshiftawayfromproducingthingsit'sbeen

relativelygoodat,andthereforeexporttotheEU,andtowardsthethingsitcurrently

importsandisrelativelylessgoodat."(12)AnumberofMPCmembers—includingthe

governor,MarkCarney,andtheBank'schiefeconomist,AndyHaldane—havegiven

theirviewsontheoutlookforborrowingcostsinrecentmonths.Broadbentvotedfor

officialinterestratestoremainonholdattheMPC'slastmeetinginJuneandhisfailure

tomentionmonetarypolicywasseenbytheCityasasignthathewillvotethesameway

againinAugust.ThepoundfellslightlyafterBroadbent'sspeechandclosedinLondonat

$1.285.

6、WhichofthefollowingpointsofviewmayaccordwiththatofMoody's?

A^ThelivingstandardsinBritainhavekeptonrising.

B、BrexitexertspressureupontheBritishgovernment.

C、ItisbelievedthattalksinBrusselswillbreakdown.

D^Britain'seconomywillslowdowninacertaintime.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節題。根據題干定位至第二段和第三段。這兩段集中闡述了穆迪公

司的觀點，其中第二段指出英國經濟已經開始放緩，而第三段第一句提到，穆迪認

為英國經濟在中期內增長的預期可能會“更加渺茫”，可見穆迪認為英國經濟在一段

時間內將保持放緩的態勢，故（D］為答案。第一段提到生活標準是影響英國經濟動

力的因素之一，但并沒有對這個參數的發展做出預測，故排除［A］"英國的生活標準

在持續提高''；出］"脫歐對英國政府施加壓力”是對第三段第一句的曲解，原文意思

是政府選擇的脫歐方式是艱難且不利于經濟增長的，故排除；第二段提到了對布魯

塞爾會談結果不看好，但并沒有說會談會破裂，因此排除［C］。

7、ThefiguresinPara.8arccitedto.

A^explaintherelationbetweenpriceandwage

B、contrasteconomicpredictionwithperformance

C、supportS&P'sviewon:heU.K.'seconomiccondition

D^educeadiscussionaboutthepounddepreciation

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推斷題。根據題干定位至第八段。笫八段中引用了收入增長、通貨膨

脹率和英鎊貶值的情況，這些數據之前是標準普爾對于2016年英國經濟表現的解

讀和對未來經濟情況的預期，數據之后仍是標準普爾關于英鎊貶值對企業行為影響

的分析和預測，可見這些數據都是用于支持該分析公司對英國經濟情況的觀點與看

法，這與［C］表述一致，故［C］為答案。［A］“解釋價格與工資的關系”在原文中沒有明

確提及，故排除；相關段落并沒有提到之前對經濟的預期情況，因此排除［B:比較

經濟預期與表現”；第八段所涉及的數據并不僅僅是關于英鎊貶值的，因此［D］引出

關于英鎊貶值的探討”說法過于局限，故排除。

8、WecaninferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatBenBroadbent.

A^predictedasharpeconoiricdownturn

B、analyzedtheprospectoftheU.K.'smanufacturing

C^disagreedwiththeopinionsofMarkCarney

D^wouldgoonremaininginterestratesonhold

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推斷題。根據題干定位至第十?段和第十二段。第十?段提到，布羅

德本特在一次演講中指出，脫歐所造成的歐洲貿易的顯著縮減將迫使英國制造業發

生一些轉變，從原來只生產優勢產品轉型為不得不自己生產一些劣勢的、原本主要

依賴進口的產品，說明他分析了英國制造業的前景，故［因為答案°文中并沒有提

到布羅德本特預測英國經濟未來要大幅下滑，因此排除［A］；第十二段雖然提到英

國央行行長馬克.卡尼已經表達了自己對未來數月借款成本前景的看法，但并沒有

明說他的立場究竟如何，I大此排除［C］“不同意馬克.卡尼的看法”；第十二段倒數第

二句指出，布羅德本特在六月份貨幣政策委員會最后一次會議上投票贊成法定利率

維持現狀，而有可能八月份再度做出同樣的決定，但這一點并不能肯定，因此［D］

與原文不符，故排除。

9、Whichofthefollowingrelationsisrepeatedlytoucheduponbythosementioned

economistsandagencies?

A^TheU.K.'seconomyandBrexit.

B、Bankcredibilityandfinancialstability.

C、Interestratesandexports.

D^Inflationandpriceincreases.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：細節題。全篇提及的主要機構有穆迪和標準普爾，主要經濟學家包括

穆迪公司副總裁凱瑟琳.穆爾布羅勒、標準普爾的格拉斯和英格蘭銀行副行長之一

布羅德本特，文章在第三段、第五段、第六段和第十一段講到了他們關于脫歐對英

國經濟影響的論述，可見這對關系是他們所普遍關注的，故［A］為答案，同時排除

［B］、［C］和［D］。

PassageThree(1)Forsomev/omen.enrollinginanengineeringcourseislikerunninga

psychologicalgauntlet.If(heydodgeovertproblemslikesexualharassment,sexistjokes,

orpoortreatmentfromprofessors,theyoftenstillhavetoevadesubtlerobstacleslikethe

implicittendencytoseeengineeringasamalediscipline.It'snowonderwomeninthe

U.S.holdjust13to22percentofthedoctoratesinengineering,comparedtoanalready-

low33percentinthesciencesasawhole.(2)NilanjanaDasgupta,fromtheUniversityof

MassachusettsinAmherst,thinksthatmentors—peoplewhocangiveadvice,share

experiences,ormakesocialconnections-candismantlethegauntlet,andhelpyoung

womentofindtheirplaceinanoftenhostilefield.(3)Inayear-longstudy—oneofthe

strongestyettolookatthevalueofmentorship-Dasguptashowedthatfemale

engineeringundergraduateswhoarcpairedwithafemalementorfeltmoremotivated,

moreself-assured,andlessanxiousthanthosewhohadeithernomentororamaleone.

Theywerelesslikelytodropoutoftheircourses,andkeenertolookforengineeringjobs

aftertheygraduated."Often,scienceismessyandthingsdon\turnoutneatly,"Dasgupta

says.Butinthisstudy,"itwasverygratifyinghowcleantheresultswere."(4)Shesees

mentorsas"socialvaccines".Justasmedicalvaccinespreparetheimmunesystemtodeal

withinfections,goodmentorsinoculatethemindagainstthestultifyingeffectsof

negativestereotypes."Andthisstudyisn'tjustaboutwomen,'addsRadhikaNagpal,

fromHarvardUniversity."It'saboutallthegroupswhohavebeenhistoricallyandlegally

excluded,andarenowslowlyenteringaworldfromwhichtheirmemberswerebarred.

There'safamoussaying:Youcan'tbewhatyoucan'tsee."(5)Between2011and2015,

DasguptaandhercolleagueTaraDennehyrecruited150womenwhoenrolledinthe

university'sengineeringcourse,andrandomlyassignedthem:oeitherafemalementor,a

malementor,ornomentor.Thementorswereallhigh-performingseniorstudentswho

sharedthesamemajorsastheirmcntccs.Afterabrieftrainingsession,theywereaskedto

meetwiththeirchargesonceamonth,andhelpthemtowrestlewithacademicproblems,

developlong-termplans,findasocialnetwork,andmore.(6)Ayearlater,Dennehyand

Dasguptasurveyedthevolunteers.Comparedtotheirmentorlesspeers,thestudentswith

femalementorsfeltmoreacceptedbytheirpeersandlessinvisible.Theyweremore

confidentintheirengineeringskills,andmorelikelytothinktheyhadatalentforthe

subject.Theyweremorelikelytothink(hattheirabilitytoovercometheiracademic

challengesoutweighed(hestressanduncertainty(heyfelt.(7)"It'snot(hathavinga

femalementorincreasedbelongingorconfidence—itjuslpreservedil,"Dasguptanotes.

Thisisacriticalpoint.Withoutanymentorshipatall,thevolunteersfeltincreasingly

anxious,under-confident,andoutoftheplacethroughtheyear.Butthementorshelped

tostraightenthesearcsthat,bydefault,veertowardsexclusionandattrition.(8)Thathas

long-termeffects.Asthemonthsworeon,DennehyandDasguptafoundthatwomen

withoutmemorsincreasinglythoughtaboutswitchingmajors,andbecamelesskeenon

pursuinggraduatedegreesinengineering.Bytheendofthefirstyear,11percentofthem

haddroppedout.Bycontrast,thestudentswithfemalementorsremainedequally

committedtotheirfields,andeverysingleoneofthemstayedthecourse.(9)Why?The

answerhadnothingtodowithacademicperformance:Thestudents'actualgradeshadno

bearingontheiroddsofstayinginengineering.Instead,"theactiveingredientsare

belongingandconfidence/'saysDasgupta."Humansaresocialanimals.Ourabilityalone

doesn'tdeterminewhetherwestayinorleaveafield.It'sabilitymixedinthatfeelingthat

theseareyourpeople,thisiswhereyoubelong.Absent,(hatevenhigh-perfbrmersmight

notfeelmotivatedtostay."Whichmakesyouwonder;Howmanybrilliantmindshave

beenlostfromengineeringandotherSTEMdisciplinesbecause(hosedisciplinesdidn't

createspacesforthem?(10)DennehyandDasguptaalsofoundthatmalementorswere

somewhatofamixedbag.Insomemeasures,theywerejustaseffectiveasfemale

mentors.Inothers,theywereindistinguishablefromhavingnomentoratall.Andin

somecases,theywereworse;Theyactuallyincreasedwomen'sanxietyabouttheir

performanceovertime.(11)Why?Dasguptaexpectedthatthefemalementorswould

providemoresocialandemotionalsupport—butthatwasn'tthecase.Thementorsall

keptdiariesabouttheirconversationswiththeirmentees,andtheserevealedthatboth

genderslargelytalkedaboutdiesamekindsofacademicproblems.Andthemcntecs

themselvesfeltthatthemalementorswerejustassupportiveandavailableasthefemale

ones.Instead,Dasguptaspeculatesthatthemenjustcouldn'tactasrolemodelsinthe

samewaythatotherwomencould,andsocouldn'tcatalyzethoseall-importantfeelings

ofbelonging.(12)That'snottosaythatthemenhavenoroletoplay."Theycould

connectwomentootherwomeninengineering,ortofemalefacultywhocoulddothe

workofsocialbelonginginawaythatthemalementorscan'tprovide(hemselves,"

Dasguptasays.(13)LinBianfromtheUniversityofIllinois,whorecentlyshowedthat

genderedstereotypesaboutintelligencetakerootattheyoungageof6,saysthat

Dasgupta'sstudyrevealshow"rolemodelsinoculatewomenagainstnegativebeliefs

duringcriticaltransitions."Thestartofcollegeisonesuchtransition-apointwhenlife

getsupended,andwhenpeoplefeelasurgeofuncertaintyabouttheirplaceintheworld.

That'swhenmentoringcanmakethemostdifference.(14)"Itmakesanincrediblecase

fornear-peermentoringtoincreasethegraduationrateofwomeninengineeringdegree

programs,"saysSheilaBoyington,thepresidentoftheMillionWomenMentors

initiative."Whilemuchofthestudyisindeedintuitive,itaffirmsawell-definedpath

forwardforuniversitiestofollowiftheywanttoincreasediversityinSTEM."(15)And

althoughmentoringisjustoneofmanypossiblesolutions,"it'snotaneither-orsituation,"

saysNagpaL"Weneedtodoeverything,likementoring,fightingsexistexclusionary

behaviors,trainingmentobehavebetter,andinvestingmoneyinbetterpractices.We

needtomakeupforacenturyofneither-nor."

1。、Theword"gauntlet"inPara.1maybeclosestinmeaningto.

A、ailment

B、stimulus

C、torture

D^incentive

標準答案；C

知識點解析：語義題。根據題干定位至第一段。設問詞位于第一段首句，該句論述

就讀工程學課程對于一些女性的心理意義。第二句中作者指出她們在這一學科中可

能面臨的各種困難和問題，并且她們學習這一學科還存在的其他更加微妙的障礙，

可見設問詞應該是負面含義的，因此首先排除［B］“刺激”和激勵"；而［A］“疾病”

只能說明女性自身的問題，不符合隨后提到的各種外界障礙和困難，故排除［A］；

而［C］“折磨”既能表達負面含義，乂能強調外部因素的影響，故為答案。

11、Accordingtotheauthor,mentorsarecomparedto"socialvaccines"becausethey

both.

A^helppeoplesetupanimmunesystem

B、getpeoplereadyforexternalinfluence

C、exertpositiveeffectsforIhewholesociety

D、eliminatenegativeeffectsofstereotypes

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節題。根據題干定位至第四段。該段第一句說，研究人員將導師們

視為“社會疫苗”，第二句提到，醫藥疫苗的功能是讓免疫系統做好應對感染的準

備，而作為“社會疫苗”的導師，可以讓頭腦做好準備，抵御負面刻板印象，這說明

兩者的共同點在于他們都能讓人們對外部影響因素做好應對準備，這與［B］表述一

致，故［B］為答案。根據該段第二句，疫苗并不能讓人們建立免疫系統，只是讓已

有的免疫系統做好應對準備，故排除［A］；“社會疫苗”對社會產生什么樣的效應，

這在原文并沒有明確指出，故排除［C］；而［D］”消除陳舊觀念的負面影響”，只是

“社會疫苗”的特點，不是兩者的共同點。故排除。

12、Forthefemaleengineeringundergraduates,femalementorscanprovideaidinthe

followingaspectsEXCEPT.

A、sexualharassment

B、socialinteractions

C、psychologicalsupport

D^planningguidance

標準答案：A

知識點解析：細節題。根據題干定位至第五段和第十一段。第五段最后一句提到了

導師們為學員提供的支持包括解決學業上的問題，制訂長期計劃和尋找社交網絡，

凡此種種；而第十一段則提到女性導師會對學員進行指導，并作為行為榜樣，激發

女性學員對學科的歸屬感，第十二段提到女性導師可以幫助學員建立社會歸屬感，

可見她們對學員的支持包括社會交往、心理支持和計劃指導等，并沒有性騷擾方

面,故［A］為答案,同時排除［B］、［C］和［D］。

13、AccordingtoDasgupta'sstudy,thekeytoawoman'ssuccessinengineering

is.

A、theoutstandingacademicperformance

B、achance(obeaccepted

C^extensivesocialinteractions

D、（hesenseofbelonging

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節題。根據題干定位至第十一段和第十二段。上文介紹了幫助女性

學生獲得工程學科成功的一項探索性項目——建立導師制，說明了這個項目的研究

方法、過程和結果；而從第十一段開始，分析男女導師作用的差異時，文章指出女

性導師之所以效果更好，在于她們有一種行為榜樣的力量，會使女性學員產生歸屬

感；而第十二段再次強調歸屬感對于女性學生獲得成功的重要性，可見這個研究發

現，女性在工程學專業獲得威功的關鍵在于建立歸屬感，故［D］為答案。笫九段第

二句指出，女性能否在工程專業堅持下來與課業表現無關，因此排除［A|；［B］的表

述與“歸屬感”有些相似，但強調的是外界的機會，而不是女性自身的感受，不符合

原文，故排除；廣泛的社交活動屬于導師們幫助的范疇，但并不是研究所發現的關

鍵，故排除［C］。

14^ThelasttwoparagraphsindicatethatNagpalandBoyinglonfeeltheprospectof

mentoringis.

A^ambiguous

B、gloomy

C、unlimited

D、promising

標準答案：D

知識點解析；推斷題。根據題干分別定位至第十四段和第十五段。第十四段中，博

因頓對導師制度給予了高度評價，認為它“令人難以置信地提高了女性獲得工程學

學位的比例”，并認為它為未來的發展提供了一條明晰的道路；而第十五段中納格

普爾則認為導師制雖然只是其中一種解決方案，但它是人們對多年來性別壁壘不作

為的一種彌補，是可取的措施，可見這兩位對導師制的前景都是比較看好的，故

［D］“有前途的”為答案,同時排除網“不明確的”和［B］“前景黯淡的”;而［C］“無限的”

程度太過，不符合原文，故排除。

二、簡答題（本題共8題，每題上0分，共8分。）

PassageOne

15、Whatdid"I"meanbysaying"mycuriositywasnotaltogetheranidleone"inPara.

6?

標準答案："I"hadgoodreasonstoaskthequestion.

知識點解析：根據題干定位至第六段。結合上文，“我”問科格蘭先生是哪里的人，

這引起了他的憤懣，他解釋說，自己最不喜歡因相關的地方而被別人貼上一定的

"標簽”，而第六段中“我”解釋了自己對于人們地方特點的觀察與認識，這也就是為

什么他會問到科格蘭先生的家鄉，再結合設問句的字面意思可知，“我”的意思是說

“我”如此問是有一定原因的，故答案為‘"Ihadgoodreasonstoaskthequestion.

16、Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldbethecharacteristicofa"cosmopolite"?

標準答案：Withloveforthewholeworldandbeingagainstlocalism.

知識點解析：對于世界公民的定義和特點幾乎貫穿全文。首段第二句即指出，世界

公民對不同城市、國家和大洲都是不偏不倚，而第三句中提到的一位差不多算世界

公民的吉卜林先生，是為全世界寫作的，而根據此后提到的科格蘭的觀點，世界各

地的人民都是兄弟，人們應該消除自己對于出生地的自豪感，也就是消除地方主義

觀念，可見世界公民的特點就是熱愛整個世界，反對地方主義，故答案為“With

loveforthewholeworldandbeingagainstlocalism.

PassageTwo

17、WhatdidKathrinMuehlbronnerpredictinPara.3?

標準答案：PossibleoutcomesoftheBrexitnegotiation.

知識點解析：根據題干定位至第三段.該段最后一句提到，程迪副總裁凱瑟琳?程

爾布羅勒認為，由于政府目前的H標定位是傾向于追求硬性脫歐，很有可能最終的

脫歐是具有破壞性的，也許無法達成協議并回歸世界貿易組織交易規則，這種不良

態勢的可能性相較全民公投之時已經增大了，可見她是在對脫歐談判的結果進行一

些分析和預測，故答案為“PossibleoutcomesofiheBrexitnegolialion.

18、Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheword"they"refertoinPara.9?

標準答案：Thepriceincreases.

知識點解析：根據題干定位至第九段。設問詞所在句指出盡管提高價格在一定程度

上是一種選擇性行為，但對于依賴進口的公司而言，在匯率下跌導致進口成木增加

的情況下，這可能是不得已而為由此可?知，此處的“they”指價格增長，故答案

為"Thepriceincreases.

19、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

標準答案：ThepredictionontheU.K.*seconomicslowdownanditsreasons.

知識點解析：文章開門見山，指出評測機構認為英國經濟本年將失去動力；隨后引

入兩家主要評測機構和幾位主要經濟學家的觀點，以及一些重要數據，分析了英國

經濟目前面臨的各種主要壓力和不利因素，一方面支持了開篇提出的觀點，另一方

面也分析了英國經濟可能放緩的主要原因，故答案為“Thepredictiononthe

U.K.'seconomicslowdownanditsreasons.

PassageThree

20、Whatdoesthefirst"it"in"itjustpreservedit"refertoinPara.7?

標準答案：Havingafemalementor.

知識點解析：根據題干定位至第七段。該段第?句前半句提到，擁有?名女性導師

并沒有增強歸屬感或自信心，后半句為itjustpreservedit,根據上下文關系，可知

兩個il分別對應指代“擁有女性導師”和“歸屬感和自信心”，故答案為“Havinga

femalementor.

21NWhyarcmalementorssaidtobe"amixedhag"inPara.10?

標準答案：Theirinfluenceonmenteesissometimespositivebutsometimesnegative.

知識點解析：根據題T定位至第十段。設問詞組出現在該段第一句，指出男性導師

的作用和效果。從第二句開始，作者解釋說，男性導師在?定程度上和女性導師?

樣有效，而另一方面卻和沒有導師的情況并無二致，在某些情況