專業(yè)英語八級（閱讀）模擬試卷12（共

9套）

（共194題）

專業(yè)英語八級（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、選擇題（本題共14題，每題1.0分，共分。）

DrivingalongSouthStreet,wheretheLosAngelessprawlmeetssprawlingOrange

County,youenterandleaveCerritosthreetimes.Althoughthecityisconfusingly

shaped,itiseasytotellwhereitbegins.Overheadpowercablesabruptlydisappearand

rununderground.Thegrass,wateredbyinnumerablesprinklers,isabrightershadeof

green.Indeed,ablindmancouldtellwheretheboundarylies.CrossingintoArtesiathere

isabump,followedbyaseriesofclumsilypatchedpotholes;afewhundredyardslater

youre-enterCerritosandtheroadissmoothagain.Cerritoscannotboastaglorious

history,oldmoneyornaturalbeauty.Fiftyyearsagoitwasaflatareaoffarmlandknown

asDairyValley.Thesedays,"it'saterriblyunremarkableplaceonthewayto

Disneyland,"saysTomIrish,apropertydeveloper.Yetthissmallsuburbancityofsome

55,000peoplehasbecomeremarkablethankstosuperbmanagementandgeographical

goodfortune.ItrevealsmuchaboutwhyAmerica'ssuburbsaresoappealing,andhow

theyarechanging.Likeanincreasingnumberofsuburbs,Cerritosisbothabedroom

communityandaneconomicengine.Itbegantoprosperintheearly1970swhenit

encouragedcardealerstoclusternearthemotorwaythatclipsitswesternedge.Fully27

outfitsnowtradethere,makingitthelargestsuchcentreinacar-obsessedstate.Cenitos

alsohasashoppingmallanda"towncenter'1,otherwiseknownasanofficepark.Asa

result,ithasfarmorejobsthanworkingresidents.Lastyearthecitycollected$483in

salestaxesperperson—morethantheglitzycityofSantaMonica.Andithasleased,not

sold,itsland,soafuturestreamofmoneyisguaranteed.Whatgoesoninsidetheoffices

seemslessimportanttolocalsthanwhattheylooklike.Thecityhasmunicipalcodesto

rivalthoseofnotoriouslystaidIrvine,aplannedcityinOrangeCounty:don'teventhink

aboutinstallingarotating,blinkingoroscillatingsign.Sculpturesadorncardealers*

forecourts.Cerritos'sbusylibraryiscoveredwithtitanium;itsWal-Martiscladin

granite.Ithasanopulentperformingartscentrethatwillhostsome140impeccably

populistactsthisyear.Buildingworkisunderwayonthelocaljail,knownforgood

reasonasthe"sheriffshotel".AlthoughCerritoshasacontractwithLosAngeles's

countysherifffbritspolicing,itpaysforthebuildingandtheofficers.Theyhavesomeof

theeasiestjobsinCalifornia.Sofarthisyear53seriousassaultshavebeenrecorded,abit

lessthanonepercop.Thecityissopeaceful,saysDarylEvans,thepolicecaptain,that

gangmembersfromnearbycitiesoccasionallymeettheretoplaybasketball,knowing

theywillnotbeattackedbyrivals.Ofcourse,manyAmericancitieshavebuiltparks,

performing-artscentresandfancylibrarieswhilestrugglingfinancially.Thekeyto

Cerritos'ssuccessmaybethetimingofitsinvestments.CitiessuchasClevelandand

Baltimorepouredmoneyintomuseumsandothergrandprojectsinthevainhopethat

theywouldlurebusinessesandyoung,creativefolk.Cerritosbeganbybuildingpipelines

androads,thenmovedontobusinessparks,policingandschools(includingCalifornia's

besthighschool).Onlywhenitwasrollinginmoneydiditbreakoutthetitanium.Local

officialsattributethecity'ssuccesstofiscaldisciplineandtheabilitytofollowalong-

termplan.That,inturn,istheresultofitspoliticalculture.Cerritoshasatraditionof

powerful,long-servingcitymanagers,towhomlocalpoliticiansfrequentlydefer.As

LauraLee,themayor,explains,"Therearemanythingswe,aselectedofficials,donot

understand."Voters,itseems,likethisarrangementgreatly.Ina2002poll,an

astonishing96%ofresidentssaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththeprovisionofpublic

services.Suchsingle-mindednessisparticularlystrikinggiventhecity'sdiversity.In

1980whitescomprisedmorethanhalfofthepopulation.ThesedaysAsiansdo.Striving

immigrantsarecauseandconsequenceofthecity'sexcellentschools:inCerritosHigh

School,pupilswhospeakinadequateEnglishscorebetterinmathematicsteststhanthose

whospeakEnglishfluently.Yetthenewcomershavenotformedghettos.Thelastcensus

showedthatwhitesandAsiansweremoreintermixedinCerritosthaninallbut16other

Americancities.Whiteswereevenmoremixed-upwithblacksandHispanics.These

daysCerritosfacesstrongcompetition.Itscarmallhasinspiredimitators?asaresult,the

valueofsaleshasflattenedwhilethenumberofvehiclessoldseemstobefalling.Asthe

cityages,publicserviceswillcomeunderincreasingstrain.Drasticdeclineisunlikely,

butthecitymaybeovertaken-thoughitisalmostcertainthattheplacesdoingthe

overtakingwillbebland,car-orientedandsuburban.

1、Theword"sprawl"inthefirstparagraphindicatesthat.

A、thelandscapeofOrangeCountyisoflittlevariety

B、OrangeCountyislocatedinaplainofaconsiderablesize

C>partsofOrangeCountyextenduntidilyindifferentdirections

D、OrangeCountyislocatedinamountainousarea

標準答案：C

知識點解析：語義題。第一段中“sprawl”一詞出現(xiàn)了兩次，在“theLosAngeles

sprawl”中用作名詞，在“sprawlingOrangeCounty”中用作動詞，根據(jù)謂語動詞

“meet”可知,“theLosAngelessprawl“和"sprawlingOrangeCounty”所指的是兩個區(qū)

域，而且是兩個區(qū)域向外延伸的邊緣地帶；結(jié)合“spraw『的原意”攤開四肢隨意地

躺”可知，“sprawl”用于城市，意為“向四面八方凌亂地擴展、蔓延”，故答案為

[C]o

2、Accordingtothefifthparagraph,wccaninferthat.

A、thetotalnumberofcopsinCerritosisnolessthan53

B、gangmembersofnearbycitiesenjoyimmunityinCerritos

C、thecrimeratesinCerritosarcrelativelylow

D、LosAngelescountrysheriffisresponsiblefortheexpenseofpolicingCerritos

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。第五段第二句提到“AlthoughCerritoshasacontractwithLos

Angeles'scountysherifffbritspolicing,itpaysfbrthebuildingandtheofficers”,盡管

與洛杉磯縣警簽有維持治安的協(xié)議，喜瑞都還是負責警方的建設經(jīng)費和警員的開

銷，故答案為［D］。接著該段第四句提到“...53seriousassaultshavebeenrecorded,a

bitlessthanonepercopM,記錄在案的嚴重傷害案件共53起，平均每個警員不到一

起,可推知喜瑞都的警員總數(shù)超過53人，故排除聞和［C］；第五句提到“Thecityis

sopeaceful...thatgangmembersfromnearbycitiesoccasionallymeettheretoplay

basketball,knowingthevwillnotbeattackedbyrivals”,喜瑞都如此和平，鄰城的黑

幫成員偶爾會聚在這兒H打籃球，因為他們知道在這兒不會遭到敵對團伙的襲擊，

故排除［B］。

3、WhichofthefollowingdocsNOTaccountfbrCerritos'ssuccess?

A、Propertimingofinvestments.

B、Advantageouslocation.

C、Wealthofpreviousgenerations.

D、Superbmanagement.

標準答案；C」

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。第二段首句提到“Cerritoscannotboast…oldmoney…”，喜瑞

都沒有傳統(tǒng)的資本可以邊耀，故答案為［0。第六段第二句提到“Thekeyt。

Cerritos'ssuccessmaybethetimingofitsinvestments'',喜瑞都成功的關鍵在于投資

時機的恰當選擇，故排除［A］；第二段第四句提至IJ“…thankstosuperbmanagemenl

andgeographicalgoodfortune,,?得益于出色的市政管理和地緣優(yōu)勢，因此排除［B］

和［D］。

4、Accordingtothepassage,whatimpressioncanwegetonCerritos?

Thegeographicboundariesofthecityareoftheremarkablyregularshape.

B、Itisathrivingcommercialcenterratherthanaresidentialsite.

C、Itisoneofthemoststaidlyplannedcitiesintheregion.

D^Itboastsalifestylethatisrichinartandrecreation.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。第四段末句提到“Ithasanopulentperformingartscentrethat

willhostsome140impeccablypopulistactsthisyear”：可見，喜瑞都市的文化藝術生

活十分豐富，故答案為［D］。會一段首句提到“DrivingalongSouthStreet,...you

enterandleaveCerritosthreetimes”，駕車沿SouthStreet行駛將會三進三出喜瑞都

市，根據(jù)該段第二句的“…thecityisconfusinglyshaped”可知，喜瑞都市的版圖形狀

極不規(guī)則，故排除［A］；第三段首句提到“…Cerritosisbothabedroomcommunityand

aneconomicengine”,故排除［B］；第四段第二句提到“Thecityhasmunicipalcodesto

rivalthoseofnotoriouslystaidIrvine,aplannedcityinOrangeCounty...,,,喜瑞都的

市政規(guī)劃理念與橙縣的歐文市恰恰相反，歐文市的規(guī)劃以古板聞名，故排除［C］。

In1751,SwedishbotanistCarolusLinnaeuscameupwiththenovelideaofusingflowers

asclocks.Morninggloriesopentheirtrumpct-likcpetalsaround10a.m.,waterliliesat

11andsoonthrougheveningprimrosesandmoonflowers.Afullarrayofthese

blossoms,plantedinacircle,couldindicatethetime.Itwasawhimsicalnotion.But

some250yearslater,scientistsareseriouslyinterestedinthetimekeepingmechanismsof

nature."They'resoubiquitous,they'realmostasignatureoflife,"saysmolecular

neuroscientistRussellFosterofImperilCollege,London.Fromcockroachestohumans,

Fosterexplorestheseinternalclocksinafascinatingnewbook,RhythmofLife,co-

authoredwithBritishsciencewriterLeonKreitzman.Theauthorshowhowthedaily

patternsknownascircadianrhythmsinfluencefarmorethanoursleep.Heartattacksare

morecommoninthemorning.Womentendtogotolaborintheevening.Severeasthma

prevailatnight.Althoughwemayjetacrosstimezones,circadianrhythmsrule.The

booktracesthecentury-longquesttounraveltheirmechanisms,withsomestarting

outcomes-includingtherecentdiscoverythatcertaingenesswitchonandoffin24hour

cycles.Evenourresponsestomedicinesmaydependonwhenwetakethem.Naturehas

devisedinternalclocksforasimplereason:theyaidsurvival."Theearlybirdreallydoes

getthework,"—thankstoasilentwakc-upcallbeforedawn.Amimosaplantspreadsits

fernIikeleavesduringthedaytocreatethemaximumsurfaceareaforphotosynthesis,

thenfoldsthemupatnighttoreducewater-vaporloss.It'snotamereresponsetolight.

"Theydothisevenwhenkeptinthedark,"saysbiologistEugeneMaurakisofthe

ScienceMuseumofVirginia.Inhumans,themasterclockisatinyclumpofcellsinthe

braincalledthesuprachiasmaticnuclei.Theclocksisresetdailybysignalsfromanovel

typeofphotoreceptorintheeyethatFosterdiscovered."Theblindrelyonit,too,

providedtheireyeshaven'tbeenremoved,"hesays.Theresultisanorchestratedseriesof

biologicaleventsthatunfoldsinsequence.Inthehoursbeforebreakfast,thebody

releasesdigestiveenzymesgraduallytobereadyforthefirstmeal.Temperatureand

bloodpressureriseinpreparationfortheday'sdemands.Thishelpsexplainthemorning

increaseintheheartattacks.Cellsreproduceatsettimes.Hormonesriseandfall-many

ofthemaccordingtoapredeterminedschedule.Theimplicationsformedicineare

profound.Bytimingtreatmentstocomplementdailychangesinbiochemistry,theauthors

argues,wccanboostefficacyandreducesideeffects.Inoneseminaltrial,medical

oncologistWilliamHrusheskyoftheDornV.A.MedicalCenterinColumbia,S.C.,

foundthatbysimplyreversingthetimeswhenheadministeredtwochemotherapeutic

drugs,hecouldextendsurvivalinwomenwithadvancedovariancancerfrom11percent

atfiveyearsto44ChronobiologyInternational,morethanadozenailmentscancurrently

benefitfromcarefullytin:edtreatments.Inonerecentstudy,henotes,somethingas

simpleaslow-doseaspirinatbedtimereducedtherateofpretermdeliverinpregnant

womenatriskforhypertensionfrom14percenttozero.Aspirininthemorninghadlittle

effect.Surprised?NottoFosterandKreitzman.Astheyshow,timingiseverything.

5、Whatdoestheword"ubiquitous"inthefirstparagraphsuggest?

A^Allkindsofflowerscanindicatethetime.

B、Thelimekeepingmechanismsareuniquetoflowers.

C^Everylivingthinginnaturehasgotthetimekeepingmechanisms.

D^Theideaofusingflowersasclockshasbeenwidelyacknowledged.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推斷題。首段倒數(shù)第一句指出，它們無處不在，幾乎成為生命的信

號。這里的“它們”指代前文提到的大自然的計時功能，因此答案為［C］。［A］在前文

中出現(xiàn)過，但與題干無關；［B］與原文意思相反，故排除；［D］在原文中沒有提及，

故排除。

6、AccordingtothebookRhythmsofLife,whichofthefollowingstatementsis

CORRECT?

A^ItiswrittenbyamolecularneuroscientistFoster.

B、Severeasthmaisnotcommonatnight.

C^Medicinesalwaysfunctionwellprovidedthattheyhavelittlesideeffects.

D、Circadianrhythmsinfluenceusinvariousaspects.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。第二段第二句中指出，作者在書中寫到，每日的生活模式，

也就是生理節(jié)奏，不僅僅影響睡眠。緊接著又敘述各種病癥在一天中都有高發(fā)時

段。由此可以推出，生理節(jié)奏影響著我們生活的很多方面，故選［D］。第二段第一

句指出，《生命的節(jié)奏》是Foster和另外一名科學家LeonKretzman一起撰稿的，

因此排除|A|；根據(jù)第二段第五句可知，嚴重的哮喘常常在晚間發(fā)作，因此排除

［B］；根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，甚至連我們對藥物的反應也與服藥時間有關，因

此排除［C］。

7、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTconcerningthemimosaplant?

A、Themimosaplantunfoldsitsleavestogetlight.

Themimosaplantfoldsleavestopreventwaterfromlosingatnight.

C、Themimosaplantdevisesinternalclocksinordertosurvive.

D、Ifthemimosaplantisplacedinthedark,theinternalclocksdon'tworkverywell.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。艱據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第一、二句可知，這不僅僅是對光的反應。

弗吉尼亞科學博物館的生物學家EugeneMaurakis說：“它們在黑暗中也如此。”可

以判斷［D］為錯誤表述，故為答案。第三段第三句說含羞草在白天時舒展葉子，從

而使盡可能大的表面進行光合作用，而晚上為了防止水分蒸發(fā)，含羞草的葉子會卷

曲。［A］、［B］分別為這兩層意思的同義表達，故排除；第三段開頭提到，自然界有

內(nèi)部計時功能，原因很簡單：內(nèi)部計時功能幫助它們生存下來。因此［C］也是原文

的正確表述，故排除。

Mostmenliveinharness.Richardwasoneofthem.Typicallyhehadnoawarenessof

howhismaleharnesswaschokinghimuntilhispersonalandprofessionallifeandhis

bodyhadnearlyfallenapart.Hehadtogetsickinhisharnessandnearlybedestroyedby

role-playingmasculinitybeforehecouldallowhimselftobeapersonwithhisown

feelings,ratherthanjustahollowmaleimage.Haditnotbeenforableedingulcerhe

mighthavepostponedlookingathimselfformanyyearsmore.Likemanymen,Richard

hadbeenazombie,adaytimesleep-walker.Worsestill,hehadbeenahighly

"successful"zombie,whichmadeitsodifficultforhimtoriskchange.Ourcultureis

saturatedwithsuccessfulmalezombies,businessmenzombies,golfzombies,sportscar

zombies,playboyzombies,etc.Theyhavelosttouchwith,orarerunningawayfrom,

theirfeelingsandawarenessofthemselvesaspeople.Theyhaveconfusedtheirsocial

masksfortheiressenceandtheyaredestroyingthemselveswhilefulfillingthetraditional

definitionsofmasculine-appropriatebehavior.Theyaretheheroes,theproviders,the

warriors,theempirebuilders,thefearlessones.Theirrealityisalwaysapproached

throughtheseveilsofgenderexpectations.Menevaluateeachotherandareevaluatedby

manywomenlargelybythedegreetowhichtheyapproximatetheidealmasculinemodel.

Womenhaverightfullylashedoutagainstbeingplacedintoamold.Manywomenhave

describedtheirrolesinmarriageasaformofsociallyapprovedprostitution.Theyassert

thattheyarcsellingthemselvesoutforanunfulfillingportionofsupposedsecurity.For

psychologicallydefensivereasonsthemalehasnotyetcometoseehimselfasa

prostitute,dayinanddayout,bothinandoutofthemarriagerelationship.Themale's

inherentsurvivalinstinctshavebeenstuntedbytheseeminglymorepowerfuldriveto

maintainhismasculineimage.Hewould,forexample,ratherdieinthebattlethanrisk

livinginadifferentwayandbeingcalleda"coward"or"notaman”.Asarecently

publishedstudyconcluded,"Asurprisingnumberofmenapproachingseniorcitizenship

saytheywouldratherdiethanbeburiedinretirement."Themaleinourcultureisata

growthimpasse.Hewon'tmove—notbecauseheisprotectinghischerishedcentralplace

inthesun,butbecausehecantmove.HeisacardboardGoliathprecariouslybalanced

andonthevergeoftopplingoverifheispushedeversoslightlyoutofhiswell-worn

path.Helacksthefluidityofthefemalewhocanreadilymovebetweenthetraditional

definitionsofmaleorfemalebehaviorandroles.Shecanbewifeandmotherora

businessexecutive.Shecandressintypicallyfemininefashionoradoptthemalestyles.

Shewillbelovedforhaving"feminine"interestssuchasneedleworkorcooking,orshe

willbeadmiredforsharingwiththemaleinhis"masculine"interests.Shecanbe

sexuallyassertiveorsexuallypassive.Meanwhile,themaleisrigidlycaughtinhis

masculineposeand,inmanysubtleandindirectways,heisseverelypunishedwhenhe

stepsoutofit.Unlikesomeoftheproblemsofwomen,theproblemsofmenarenot

readilychangedthroughlegislation.Themalehasnoapparentandclearlydefinedtargets

againstwhichhecanventhisrage.Yetheisoppressedbytheculturalpressuresthathave

deniedhimhisfeelings,bythemythologyofthewomanandthedistortedandself-

destructivewayheseesandrelatestoher,andbytheurgencyforhimto"actlikeaman"

whichblockshisabilitytorespondtohisinnerpromptingsbothemotionallyand

physiologically,andbyageneralizedself-hatethatcauseshimtofeelcomfortableonly

whenheisfunctioningwellinharness.Preciselybecausethetenorandmoodofthemale

liberationeffortssofarhavebeenoneofself-accusation,self-hate,andarepetitionof

feministassertions,Ibelieveitisdoomedtofailureinitspresentform.Itisbuyingthe

myththatthemaleisculturallyfavored—anotionthatisclungtodespitethefactthat

everycriticalstatisticintheareasoflongevity,disease,suicide,crime,accidents,

childhoodemotionaldisorders,alcoholism,anddrugaddictionshowsa

disproportionatelyhighermalerate.Themostremarkableandsignificantaspectofthe

feministmovementtodatehasbeenwoman'sdaringwillingnesstoownuptoher

resistancesandresentmenttowardhertime-honored,sanctifiedrolesofwifeandeven

mother.Themale,however,hasyettofullyrealize,acknowledge,andrebelagainstthe

distressandstiflingaspectsofmanyoftherolesheplays—fromgoodhusband,togood

daddy,togoodprovider,togoodlover,etc.Becauseoftheinnerpressuretoconstantly

affirmhisdominanceandmasculinity,hecontinuestoactasifhecanstandupunder,

fulfill,andevenenjoyalltheexpectationsplacedonhimnomatterhowcontradictory

anddevitalizingtheyare.Itstimetoremovethedisguisesofprivilegeandrevealthe

maleconditionforwhatiireallyis.

8、Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A、uptonow,Richarddidn'tknowhehadcaughtcertaindisease

B、Richard'sillnessofferedhimachancetothinkabouthislife

C^butforhisillness,Richardwouldnothavestoppedworking

D、therewassomethingwrongwithbothRichard'smentalandphysicalhealth

標準答案:B

知識點解析：推斷題。首段末句指出，如果不是他流血的潰瘍，他還會推遲好多年

才會審視自己。可見，這次生病給了他一個審視自我的機會，故答案為［B］。

9、Theword"zombie"inthesecondparagraphprobablyreferstoaperson

who.

A、isbusyallthetime

B>behaveslikearobot

C^alwaysactsasaleader

D、issuccessfulinsomearea

標準答案：B

知識點解析?：語義題。第二段首句指出，像許多男人一樣，理查德是一個

“zombie"，一個白天夢游者。接下來指出，社會中有各種各樣的“zombie"。第四句

指出，他們失去了或者正在遠離自己作為人的情感和意識。根據(jù)常識，如果已經(jīng)失

去了對情感或意識的感知，那么人與機器就沒有區(qū)別了，因此可以推斷出［B］為答

案。

10、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?

A、Comparedwithmen,womenaremorewillingtoretirefromwork.

B>Tobeamancountsforagreatdealforthemale.

C、Somewomenhatebeinglabeledasfeminine.

D^Quiteafewwomenairnegativeviewofmarriage.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。第三段首句指出，男人之間互相評價以及許多女人評價男人

時，主要是以他們與理想的男子漢模式的接近程度為依據(jù)。故［B］符合原文意思，

排除；該段第二句指出，女人們可以正當?shù)貙ψ约罕还潭ㄔ谀骋环N模式里進行抨

擊。故［C］符合原文意思，排除；該段第三、四句指出，許多女士將自己在婚姻中

的角色定義為得到社會認可的妓女。她們聲稱為了一點點所謂的安全感，她們在出

賣自己。故［D］符合原文意思，排除；文中沒有提及女人對退休的態(tài)度如何，故|A］

為答案。

11、Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.

A、DifferentRolesofMenandWomen

B>HowtoSolveMen'sProblems

C、InHarness:theMaleCondition

D^SurvivalInstinctsvs.MaleImages

標準答案：C

知識點解析：主旨題。文章首句指出“Mostmenliveinharness”,之后以Richard為

例，指出現(xiàn)代社會中男性的生活狀況。文中反復出現(xiàn)了“inharness”這個短語，將男

人背負“男子漢”傳統(tǒng)形象的壓力、拼命工作的情景栩栩如生地表現(xiàn)出來，故答案為

［C］o［A］只是文章提到的部分內(nèi)容，故排除：［B］含義籠統(tǒng)，故排除；生存本能和

男性形象是文中提到的內(nèi)容，但與全文大意相去甚遠，故排除［D］。

Workingatypewriterbytouch,likeridingabicycleorstrollingonapath,isbestdoneby

notgivingitaglancingthought.Onceyoudo,yourfingersfumbleandhitthewrong

keys.Todothingsinvolvingpracticedskills,youneedtoturnloosethesystemsof

musclesandnervesresponsibleforeachmaneuver,placethemontheirown,andstayout

ofit.Thereisnoreallossofauthorityinthis,sinceyougettodecidewhethertodothe

thingornot,andyoucaninterveneandembellishthetechniqueanytimeyoulike;ifyou

wanttorideabicyclebackward,orwalkwithaneccentriclopinggaitgivingalittleskip

everyfourthstep,whistlingatthesametime,youcandothat.Butifyouconcentrateyour

attentiononthedetails,keepingintouchwitheachmuscle,thrustingyourselfintoafree

fallwitheachstepandcatchingyourselfatthelastmomentbystickingouttheotherfoot

intimetobreakthefall,youwillendupimmobilized,vibratingwithfatigue.Itisa

blessingtohaveoptionsforchoiceandchangeinthelearningofsuchunconsciously

coordinatedacts.Ifwewerebornwithalltheseknacksinbuilt,automatedlikeants,we

wouldsurelymissthevariety.Itwouldbealessinterestingworldifweallwalkedand

skippedalike,andneverfellfrombicycles.Ifwewereallgeneticallyprogrammedto

playthepianodeftlyfrombirth,wcmightneverlearntounderstandmusic.Therulesarc

differentforthecomplicated,coordinated,fantasticallyskilledmanipulationsweperform

withourinsides.Wedonothavetolearnanything.Oursmooth-musclecellsareborn

withcompleteinstructions,inneedofnohelpfromus,andtheyworkawayontheirown

schedules,madiilatingthehirnenofhloodvessels,movingthingsthroughintestines.

Secretarycellselaboratetheirproductsinprivacy;theheartcontractsandrelaxes;cells

communicatewitheachotherbysimplytouching;allthisgoesoncontinually,without

everapersonalwordfromus.Thearrangementisthatofanecosystem,withthe

operationofeachpartbeinggovernedbythestateandfunctionofalltheotherparts.

Whenthingsaregoingwell,astheygenerallyare,itisaninfalliblemechanism.Butnow

theautonomyofthisinteriordomain,longregardedasinviolate,isopentoquestion.The

experimentalpsychologistshaverecentlyfoundthatvisceralorganscanbetaughttodo

variousthings,aseasilyasaboylearnstorideabicycle,bytheinstrumentaltechniques

ofoperantconditioning.Ifathingisdoneinthewaytheteacherwants,atasignal,anda

suitablerewardgivenimmediatelytoreinforcetheaction,itbecomeslearned.Rats,

rewardedbystimulationoftheircerebral"pleasurecenters1',havebeeninstructedto

speeduporslowdowntheirheartsatasignal,ortoaltertheirbloodpressures,orswitch

offcertainwavesintheirelectroencephalogramsandswitchonothers.Thesame

technologyhasbeenappliedtohumanbeings,withotherkindsofrewards,andtheresults

havebeenstartling.Itisclaimedthatyoucanteachyourkidneystochangetherateof

urineformation,raiseorloweryourbloodpressure,changeyourheartrate,write

differentbrainwaves,atwill.Thereisalreadytalkofabreakthroughintheprevention

andtreatmentofhumandisease.Accordingtoproponents,whenthetechnologyis

perfectedandextendeditwillsurelyleadtonewpossibilitiesfortherapy.Ifaratcanbe

trainedtodilatethebloodvesselsofoneofhisearsmorethanthoseoftheother,ashas

beenreported,whatrichexperiencesinself-controlandself-operationmayliejustahead

forman?Therearealreadycrypticadvertisementsinthepersonalcolumnsofliterary

magazines,urgingthepurchaseofelectronicheadsetsforthetrainingandregulationof

onersownbrainwaves,accordingtoone'staste.Youcanhaveit.Nottodowngradeit.It

isextremelyimportant,Iknow,andoneoughttofeelelatedbytheprospectoftaking

personalcharge,callingtheshots,runningone'scellsaroundliketoytrains.Nowthatwe

knowthatvisceracanbetaught,thethoughtcomesnaturallythatwe'vebeenneglecting

themalltheseyears,andbyjudiciousapplicationofhuinanintelligence,theseprimitive

structurescanbetrainedtowhateverstandardsofbehaviorwewishtosetforthem.

12、Theauthorconsidersitasagoodluckforusto.

A、bebornwithsomechosenskills

B、liveinaworldofvariety

C、beabletounderstandmusic

D^beabletowalk,skipandridebicycles

標準答案：R

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。第二段前兩句指出，在學習這種無意識的協(xié)調(diào)性動作時能夠

有多種選擇和變化是一種幸福。如果我們生來就有這些特殊技能，像螞蟻一樣可以

自動地做些事情，我們一定會想念這些變化的。故［B］為答案，同時排除［A］；第二

段最后兩句提到了［C］和［D］的內(nèi)容，但并非作者認為幸運的主要原因，故排除，

13、Theoperationofourinsideorgansisdifferentfromthatofmusclesandnervesin

thatitis.

A、primarilymanipulatedbybloodvessels

B、inconstantneedoftrainingandpracticing

C^muchlesscomplicatedandcoordinated

D^geneticallyprogrammedtoworkonitsown

標準答案：D

知識點解析?：推斷題。第三段前兩句指出，對于復雜、協(xié)調(diào)、極為熟練的內(nèi)部器官

的操控，規(guī)則是不同的。我們不需要學習什么。之后解釋了人體自我調(diào)節(jié)的過程。

因此可以看出內(nèi)部器官是無須操控，生來就可以自我運行的，故［D］為答案。

14、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthetechniqueoftrainingman'sbodycanbestbe

definedas.

A、ambiguous

skeptical

C、contemptuous

D、positive

標準答案：D

知識點解析：態(tài)度題。末段指出：你可以做到。不要貶低它。我知道這極為重要，

人們應該為這一前景感到高興……既然我們知道內(nèi)臟可以訓練，這自然就意味著這

些年我們對它們有所忽略。再加上充滿人類智慧的明智之舉，這些原始結(jié)構可以通

過訓練做我們想讓它們做的任何事情。從文中的“nottodowngrade,H€extremely

important”“feelelated”等都可以看出作者對訓練身體內(nèi)臟器官的看法是積極的，故

[D]為答案。

二、簡答題(本題共8題，每題1.0分，共8分。)

15、PassageOne

標準答案：Toshowlocalpeople'sconcernofCerritos'slandscape.

知識點解析：由題干關鍵詞"librarycoveredwithtitanium”可定位至第四段。該段首

句提至『'whatgoesoninsidetheofficesseemslessimportanttolocalsthanwhatthev

looklike-,當?shù)厝苏J為辦公樓的外表比樓內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情更為重要，圖書館覆箓著

鈦，這說明喜瑞都人很注重市容的美觀，故本題答案為Toshowlocalpeople飛

concernofCerritos'slandscape。

16、PassageTwo

標準答案:Diseases.

知識點解析：由題干提示定位至最后一段。根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系可知，上文的

“cancer”和下文的“hypertension”都應該包含在“ailments”里，因此推測“ailments”的

含義為“疾病”，故答案為Diseases。

PassageThree

17、Whyaremenundergreaterpressurethanwomen?

標準答案：Becausetheydon'thavemuchfreedomtomakeachoice.

知識點解析：由題干關鍵詞"pressure”定位至第五段。該段第四句指出，男人缺少

女人的變通性，女人可以在傳統(tǒng)定義中的男人或女人的行為和角色之間轉(zhuǎn)換。該段

最后一句指出，同時，男人被嚴格限定在男性角色中，如果他超越了范圍，就會受

到很多微妙的、間接的嚴厲懲罰。由此可見，男人比女人壓力大的原因是沒有選擇

的自由。故答案為Becausetheydon'thavemuchfreedomtomakeachoiceo

18、Accordingtotheauthor,whataccount(s)forthefailureofmaleliberationefforts?

標準答案：Itsmoodandform.

知識點解析：由題干關鍵詞"maleliberationeffbrls”定位至第七段。該段首句中作者

指出他認為目前的男性解放運動是注定要失敗的，原因正是在于它的基調(diào)是自我譴

責、自我憎恨、反復聲明男女平等，他們目前所采取的形式也不能帶來成功。歸納

而言，男性解放運動注定失敗的原因在于其基調(diào)和形式不好，故答案為Itsmood

andfonrio

19、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepresentmaleliberationmovement?

標準答案：Disproval.

知識點解析：原文倒數(shù)第三段首句指出，正是由于到目前為止，致力于解放男性的

努力的基調(diào)和趨勢是自我譴責、自我憎恨、反復聲明男女平等，我認為以其目前的

形式而言，注定會失敗。可見，作者對現(xiàn)在的男性解放運動持反對態(tài)度。因此本題

答案可以總結(jié)為Disprovalo

PassageFour

20Whycanapersontypebetterifheisrelaxed?

標準答案：Becausehecanbetterexercisehisauthorityoverthefingers.

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“type”和“relaxed”定位到第一段。該段第三句指出，

在做一些需要技巧的事情時，你需要放松進行操作時需要動用的肌肉和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，

讓它們呈現(xiàn)自然狀態(tài)，不去理會它們。由此可以推出在打字時，如果一個人的精神

放松，手指就會聽使喚，這樣打字就會打得更好，故答案為Becausehecanbetter

exercisehisauth