專升本英語（閱讀理解）模擬試卷33

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。）

Bacteriaareextremelysmall'ivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesor

centimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofa

millimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallytwoto

fourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyou

enlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofa

pinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile（1.6

kilometers）tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.

Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarcbarelyvisibleastinyrods

ordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecansee

thatsomebacteriahaveattachedto（hemwavy-looking"hairs"calledflagella（鞭毛）.

Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthe

water.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,while

otherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthe

bacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toa

bacterium,waterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaarcsosmallthattheyarc

influencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmolecules（分子）aroundthem.Bacteria

underthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.This

isbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.

Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesarounda

bacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones.Evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethus

constantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

1、Whichofthefollowingis（rueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B、Ifweenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldstillbesmallerthan

apinhead.

C>Ifoneusedamicroscopewithamagnificationof100times,hecanseethestructure

ofabacteriumclearly.

D^Watermoleculesmovesoquicklythatabacteriumcannotmoveinthewater.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第一段“Rod—shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicrons

long,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter'',可明顯得出rod-

shapedbacteriaLLroundedbacteria要大，故A正確。

2、Accordingtothepassage,onewhoexaminesbacteriawithanordinarymicroscope,

usingamagnificationof100timeswillsee.

Astinyrods

B、stains

C、wavy-lookinghairs

D、detailedstructures

標準答案:A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第二段前兩句"Usingamagnificaticnof100times,onefinds

thatbacteriaayebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots”，故選A。

3、Theenvironmentaroundbacteriaisalwayschangingbecause.

A、moleculesaroundbacteriamoveveryfast

B、thewaterisasthickasmolasses

C、thereisalargenumberofmoleculesaroundbacteria

D、newbacteriaalwaysreplacetheoldones

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章第三段“Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofa

secondthemoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones”,故選

Ao

4、Theauthorcompareswatertomolassesinordertoshow.

A^howdifficultitisforbacteriatomovethroughthewater

B、howdifferentthebacterialworldisfromthehumanworld

C、howthewatermoleculeswork

whatdifferentbacteriaoneliquidcontainsfromanother

標準答案：A

知識點解析：由文章第三段前三句可知作者將水比作糖漿是為了說明“水對于細菌

來說就相當于糖漿對于人類一樣稠，所以細菌在水中運動起來就很困難”，故選

Ao

5、Therelationshipbetweenabacteriumanditsflagellaismostsimilartowhichofthe

following?

A^Aflagattachedtoastick.

B、Acowboyonthecow'sback.

C、Adoorclosedbyanaughtyboy.

D、Aboatpushedbythemotor.

標準答案：D

知識點解析:根據(jù)文章第二段最后幾句“…somebacteriahaveattachedtothem

wavy—looking'hairs'calledflagella...Theflagellarotate?pushing(hebacteriathrough

thewater。”可知D更確切。

Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,just

asweexpectthematleasttounderstandthattheintcrnai-combustionengine(內燃機)

hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistonsbeingdrive.For

peopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhow(hethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.

Furthenstudentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer'simpacton

society.But(hatisno(whatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnota

formofliteracy(讀寫能力);itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart.

Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinct

activities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfree

themselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatall

oughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogramming

asacareer,whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssome

peoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin-making.Learning

howtousecomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprograms

becomemore"user-friendlyLetusassumethatinthefutureeveryoneisgoingtohave

toknowhowtouseacomputertobeacompetentcitizen.Whatdocsthephrase"learning

touseacomputer"mean?Itsoundslike"learningtodriveacar",thatis,itsoundsasif

thereissonicsetofdefiniteskillsthat,onceacquired,enableonetouseacomputer.In

fact,"learningtouseacomputer"ismuchmorelike"learningtoplayagame,"but

learningtherulesofonegamemaynothelpyouplayasecondgame,whoserulesmay

notbethesame.Thereisnosuchathingasteachingsomeonehowtouseacomputer.

Onecanonlyteachpeopletouse(hisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasily

accomplished.

6、Tohethecompetentcitizensoftomorrow,peopleshould.

A、trytolayasolidfoundationincomputerscience

B、beawareofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo

C、learntouseacomputerbyacquiringacertainsetofskills

D、understandthatprogrammingacomputerismoreessentialthanrepairingacar

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據(jù)第二段Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowto

programonearetwodistinctactivities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetent

citizensoftomorrowshouldfreethemselvesfromtheirfearo:computers.可知C正

確。

7、Inthesecondparagraph"violin-making"ismentionedtoshowthat.

A、programmingacomputerisasinterestingasmakingaviolin

B、oursocietyneedsexpertsindifferentfields

C、violin-makingrequiresasmanyskillsascomputerprogramming

D、peoplewhocanuseacomputerdon'tnecessarilyhavetoknowcomputerprogram

標準答案：D

知識點解析：thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin—making.在這里用autorepair

和violin-making分別指代使用電腦和懂得編程的人。

8、Learningtouseacomputerisgettingeasierallthetimebecause.

A、programsarcbecominglesscomplicated

B、programsaredesignedtobeconvenienttousers

C、programmingisbecomingeasierandeasier

D、programsarcbecomingreadilyavailabletocomputerusers

標準答案：B

知識點力單析：Learninghowtousecomputerisnot(hatdifficult,anditgetseasierall

thetimeasprogramsbecomemore"user-friendly”.此題的關鍵是理解"user-friendly”

的意思，“對用戶友好的，容易使用的故選B。

9、Accordingtotheauthor,thephrase"learningtouseacomputer"(Para.3)means

learning.

A^asetofrules

B、thefundamentalofcomputerscience

C、specificprograms

D、generalprinciplesofprogramming

標準答案：C

知識點解析：由文章最后一句Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogram

andgenerallythatiseasilyaccomplished.可知選C。

10^Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis.

A、tostresstheimpactofthecomputeronsociety

B、toexplaintheconceptofcomputerliteracy

C、toillustratetherequirementforbeingcompetentcitizensoftomorrow

D、toemphasizethatcomputerprogrammingisaninterestingandchallengingjob

標準答案：B

知識點解析：誦讀全文可知，作者主要講述的是便用計算機能力的?些內容，A、

C、D所述均不正確，只有B項是作者的寫作目的所在。

Honeybeescannotlivealone.Theirbodystructureandinstinctsequipthemfbrlifeina

colonyorcommunity,where(heyhaveacomplexsocialorganizationandthevarious

dutiesaredividedamong(heindividualsaccordingtophysicalfitnessandage.An

individualworkerbeecannotproduceitself.Whileitmaycontinuetoliveifforcibly

isolatedfromitsmates,itfailstocarefbritselfadequately,andsoondies.Mostinsects

havetheabilitytohibernateinwinter,butthehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis.Sinceat

lowtemperaturesthebeewilldie,itmusthavetheabilitytomakeitsownenvironment,

sofarastemperatureisconcerned.Thismakesacolonyisnecessarytothebeesin

winter,sothattheymaycollectivelywarmeachother.Efficiency,ifnotnecessarily,

demandsthattheworkofthecolonybedivided,andsuchadivisionoflabortendsto

enhancetheneedtomaintainthecolony.Thephysicalstructureofthehoneybeeis

furthersuitedfbrthedefenseoftheentirecolonyratherthanfbritsowndefense.The

hcc'sbarbedstingisusedonlyonceandismademoreeffectivebythefactthatitisleft

behindinthevictim.Withthelossofthesting,however,thebeedies.Thiskindof

defensiveweaponisnotofservicetotheindividual,buttothecommunity.

11、Accordingtothepassage,beesarefittedforcommunallifebyvirtueof

their.

A、flexibilityandinitiative

B、intelligenceandsensitivity

C、independenceandendurance

D、instinctsandform

標準答案：D

知識點解析：由第一段首句Honeybeescannotlivealone.Theirbodystructureand

instinctsequipthemforlifeillacolonyorcommunity.可知選D。

12、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatatonetimebeeshadtheabilityto.

A^increasetheiractivityinlowertemperatures

B、leavecoldclimatesduringwinter

C、remaininactivethroughperiodsofcoldweather

D、constructinsulatedhives

標準答案：C

知識點解析；從文中第五句Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernateinwinter,but

thehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis.可知昆蟲有冬天冬眠的能力，但是蜜蜂可能已

經失去了這個能力。推斷曾經蜜蜂可能具有這個能力。故選C。

13、Accordingtothepassage,beesdifferfrommostothercommunitiesofinsectsin

theirneedto.

A^reproduceinlargenumbers

B、controlthetemperaturewheretheylive

C、dividetheworkoftheircolonies

D^haveacomplexdefensesystem

標準答案：C

知識點解析：從文中Efficiency,ifnotnecessarily,demandsthattheworkofthe

colonybedivided,andsuchadivisionoflabortendstoenhancetheneedtomaintain

thecolony可知蜜蜂需根據(jù)它們工種的不同來進行工作分工，這也是它們與其他昆

蟲的不同之處，故選C。

14、Accordingtothepassage,thehoneybee'sstingisparticularlyeffectivebecause

it.

A^hasmanypotentialuses

B、cankillseveralvictimsatonce

C、islocatedintherearofthebee'sbody

remainswiththebee'svictim

標準答案：D

知識點解析：從文中Thebee'sbarbedstingisusedonlyonceandismademore

effectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim.可知D正確。

15、Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

A、TheCommunalLifeofBees

B、TheStructureoftheBee

C>TheOrganizationofInsectColonies

D、TheLifeoftheSocialInsects

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章最后內容可知，文章闡述的是蜜蜂的群居生活。故AXL

Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity(多樣化)istakingplace.It

istakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotof

contactwithtopcorporate(公司的)leaders:noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridof

thoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesareto

competeintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.

Theyalsosaythat(heneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswehavetoexpandthe

poolofpotentialemployees.Andinlookingatwherebirthratearegrowingandatwhere

(hepopulationisshifting,corporateAmericaunderstands(hatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrancs.Corporateleadersknowihaiifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywillnoi

havetheengineers,thescientists,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagers(heywillneed.

Likewise,Idon'thearpeopleintheacademysaying,"Let'sgcbackward.Let'sgobackto

(hegoodolddays,whenwehadameritocracy(不拘一格選人才)"，whichwasnever

(rue-weneverhadameritocracy,althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.I

recentlyvisitedagreatlittlecollegeinNewYorkwherethecampushasdoubledits

minoritypopulationinthelastsixyears.ItalkedwithanAfricanAmericanwhohasbeen

professorthereforalongtime.Andsheremembersthatwhenshefirstjoinedthe

community,therewerefewerthanahandfulofminoritiesoncampus.Nowallofusfeel

thewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.Sowherewehearthisdebatesisprimarilyin

politicalcirclesandinthemedia—notincorporateboardroomsoroncollegecampuses.

16、Theword"imperative"(Para.1)mostprobablyrefers(osomething.

A、superficial

B、remarkable

C、debatable

D、essential

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中具體語言環(huán)境可知該詞的意思為“必需的，不可缺少的“，故

選D。

17、Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?

A、Minorities.

B、Politicians.

C、Professors.

D^Managers.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中前兩句Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateabout

diversity(多樣化)istakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.可知對

多樣化的討論多發(fā)生在政界，所以應該是政客談論的較多。故選B。

18>Highcorporateleadersseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoasto.

A、lowertherateofunemployment

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、becompetitiveintheworldmarket

D^satisfythedemandofagrowingpopulation

標準答案：C'、

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第一段Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompete

intheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.可知公

司要在市場上更具競爭力就要注意多樣化發(fā)展，故C正確。

19、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A、meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversity

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、ItisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.media

D、minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第二段...whichwasnevertrue------weneverhada

meritocracy,althoughwe,vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.及后面的Nowall

ofusfeelthewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.可知I選A。

2。、Accordingtothepassage,diversitycanbeachievedinAmericansociety

by-------------

A、expandingthepoolofpotentialemployees

B、promotingthepoolofpotentialemployees

C、trainingmoreengineers,scientists,lawyersandbusinessmanagers

D、providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsex

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章意思Americaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.因此D為正確選項。

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesor

centimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofa

millimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusually(wolo

fourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyou

enlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofa

pinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6

kilometers)tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.

Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarcbarelyvisibleastinyrods

ordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecansee

thatsomebacteriahaveattachedto(hemwavy-looking"hairs"calledHagella(鞭毛).

Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthe

water.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,while

otherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthe

bacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toa

baclurium,waterisasthick.asmolassesislous.Bacteriaarcsosmallthattheyarc

influencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmolecules(分子)aroundthem.Bacteria

under(hemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutin(hewater.This

isbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.

Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesarounda

bacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones.Evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarcthus

constantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

21、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B、Ifwcenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldstillbesmallerthan

apinhead.