專題03閱讀理解：說明文【大題精做】-沖刺2024年高考英語大題突

破+限時集訓(xùn)（新高考專用）大題03閱讀理解說明文

說明文所選材料題材豐富多樣，涉及社會、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生態(tài)、安全等方面。在

高考英語閱讀理解中，說明文所占比重尤為突出。它既要求考生能熟練運(yùn)用詞匯和語法知識、理解文章語

句、把握語篇整體結(jié)構(gòu)，還要求學(xué)生有大量的閱讀積淀和知識儲備，熟悉不同的話題和不同的題目考竟方

式。即便是細(xì)行理解題，大多數(shù)情況下考生也無法從文章中直接找到與選項表述完全一致的信息，而是需

要在理解文章細(xì)節(jié)信息后作出歸納和判斷。通常一套卷中主旨大意、詞義猜測、寫作意圖/觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類高難

度試題的考查數(shù)量為2道左右，說明文考查此類題目的頻率較高，且命題點(diǎn)呈多樣化。

(2023年新高考I卷D篇)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhich

illustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds',effect.Theexperimentofestimationhe

conductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequite

accurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Some

peoplewilltendlooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,

theycanceleachotherout.resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearcsimilarandtendtomake(hesame

errors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotheroutInmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'seirorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,the

accuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwisl(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.The

keyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurlherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohavea

discussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethan(hosefromanequalnumberofindependent

individuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewas

significantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwha((hegroup

membersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Did

theyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominant

response.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogcthcr^^.Somehow,

theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajasliave

limitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingare

enormous.

28.Whaiisparagraph2ofthetextmainilyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicof(heeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

29.Navajas,studyfoundthattheavera^；caccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

30.Whaldidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

31.Whatistheauthor'saltitudetowardNavajas'studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

說明文閱讀量大，生僻詞匯多，句式結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，這就需要考生有方法有技巧地去閱讀。一般我們采用的方法

有三個：細(xì)讀、略讀和跳讀。

(1)細(xì)讀重點(diǎn)。重點(diǎn)，就原文而言，就是文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容和態(tài)度：就答題而言，就

是問題所對應(yīng)的題源句。以這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量，需要重點(diǎn)閱讀的原文詞句就不會很多。

宏觀方面：文章結(jié)構(gòu)：文章主題句；各段首末句；體現(xiàn)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞句。

微觀方面：有轉(zhuǎn)折處：重要標(biāo)點(diǎn)；句子主干。

(2)有選擇地略讀或跳讀。在快速瀏覽了題干，初步把握了文章大意及結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，可大膽進(jìn)行略讀或跳讀,

這樣不但可以加快閱讀速度，還更容易總沐把握全文。在閱讀中可略讀或跳讀的內(nèi)容包括：

①繁瑣的例證。為了說明問題，作者可能會借用形象的例子，有時候會比較繁瑣，雖能說明問題，但需要讀者

花很多時間去閱讀。如果例子所說明的問題不明了，可通過略讀來理解；若例子所說明的問題比較明了，則例子

部分可?帶而過。

②并列多項列舉。有時許多功能相同的項目并列列舉，那么只讀其中一兩項即可，無需

全讀。

③無關(guān)大局的生僻詞匯。閱讀中經(jīng)常會遇到一些生詞，如果這些生詞對理解全文沒有影響或影響不大就可略過。

④較長的人名、地名。有許多較長的表示人名、地名等的專有名詞，閱讀時可一掃而過或干脆用其首字母代替，

不必試圖把整個專有名詞讀出來。

（2024上?河北滄州,高三泊頭市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期末）Thinkofyourmostprizedpossession.Now,imagine

youdecideyoumustsellthisitem.Howmuchisitworthtoyou?Howmuchwouldyouchargeforit?Andwould

anyoneelsewanttobuyitatthatprice?

Let'sconsiderthereal-worldexampleofayardsale.Beforeyourneighborscometolookatyourthings,you

mustfirstdecideonthepricesforthemForyou.eachitemhasastory,andsomeitemsmayevenevokestrDng

emotions.

Let'ssayyou'resellingapairofspecialeditionsportsshoesthatyouookcareofandreallyenjoyedwearing

onspecialoccasions.Withthesesweetmemoriesinmind,youputapricetagof$130ontheshoes.However,a

custcmeroffersS50forthem.Youthink,uHo\vcouldtheynotseehowspecmlandvaluabletheseare?^^

Infinancialtransactionslikethis,sellersoftenbelieve（heirownitemsareworthmorethanwhatbuyersare

willingtopay.Thisoccursbecausebuyersdonothavetheseller'sexperienceswithandemotionalattachmentto

theitems.Buyerswantagooddeal,andthey'renotwillingtopaywhatthesellerisaskingfor.

Thisnegotiationprocesscanevenfecialittlepainfulfor(heseller-overlosingsomethingand(hebuyernot

valuingitasmuch.Economistssuggestthisdynamicoccursthroughtheendowmenteffect(稟賦效應(yīng))一people's

tendencytovaluethingstheyownmorehighlythantheywouldiftheydidnotownthem.Theendowmentefleet

cantakeholdanytimewcfeelasenseofownershipoveraproduct,anditcanhappenquickly.

Asthesayinggoes,“Emotionsgel:hcbestofus."Thereisnothingwrangwithbeingproudofowningthings

andtreasuringyourexperienceswiththem.Butwhenyouconsidersellingaprizedpossession,thinkaboutwhether

you'refullyreadytopartwithil.Thepastisthepast,though.Removingyouremotionalattachmenttomaterial

possessionscanhelpyoumakemoreaccurateassessmentsofhowmuchyouritemsaretrulyworth.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evoke”inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Advocate.B.Cause.C.Identify.D.Control.

29.Whalmakesyouputapricetagof$130onyourshoesaccordingtoparagraphs?

A.Yourfondnessfortheshoes.B.Yourignoranceofthemarket.

C.Thehighqualityoftheshoes.D.Thespecialfunctionoftheshoes.

30.Whichcanbestillustratetheresultofendowmenteffect?

A.Onelikescollectingoldthings.

B.Onetendstobuyexpensivegoods.

C.Oneoffersalowerpricewhenshopping.

D.Onechargesahigher-than-usualpriceforsomething.

31.What'sthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Tomakeasuggestion.B.Tointroduceatheory.

C.Toanalyzeaphenomenon.D.lbprovidesomeevidence.

刷模擬

Passage(1)

(2024?江蘇連云港?統(tǒng)考一模)Artificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheir

creaursandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggesting(hatpreveniing

suchAI“jailbreaks“ismoredifficultthanitseems.

Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimto

preventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematic

answers—thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansvia(rainingdata.Butthathasn'tstoppedpeoplefromfinding

carefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotections,knownas'jailbreaks”，makingAImodelsdisobeythe

rules.

Now,ArushTagadcatLeapLaboratoriesandhisco-workcrshavefoundaprocessofjailbreaks.Theyfound

thattheycouldsimplyinstructoneLLMtoconvinceothermodelstoadoptapersona(角色)，whichisableto

answerquestionsthebasemodelhasbeenprogrammedtorefuse.Thisprocessiscalled“personamodulation(調(diào)

節(jié))”.

Tagadesaysthisapproachworksbecausemuchofthetrainingdataconsumedbylargemodelscomesfrom

onlineconversations,andthemodelslearntoactincertainwaysinresponsetodifferentinputs.Byhavingtheright

conversationwithamodel.i(ispossible(omakeitadoptaparticularpersona,causingittoactdifferently.

ThereisalsoanideainAlcircles,oneyettobeproven,thatcreatinglotsofrulesforanAItopreventit

displayingunwantedbehaviourcanaccidentallycreateablueprintforamodeltoactthatway.Thispotentially

leavestheAIeasytobetrickedintotakingonanevilpersona,tkIfyou'reforcingyourmodeltobegoodpersona,it

somewhatunderstandswhatabadpersonais,“saysTagade.

YinzhenLiatImperialCollegeLondonsaysitisworryinghowcurrentmodelscanbemisused,butdevelopers

needtoweighsuchriskswiththepotentialbenefitsofLLMs."Likedrugs,theyalsohavesideeffectsthatneedto

beccntrolled/'shesays.

28.WhatdocstheAIjailbreakreferto?

A.ThetechniquetobreakrestrictionsofAImodels.

B.Theinitiativetosethard-codedrulesforAImodels.

C.ThecapabilityofAImodelsimprovingthemselves.

D.TheprocessofAImodelslearningnewinformation.

29.Whatcanweknowaboutthepersonamodulation?

A.ItcanhelpAImodelsunderstandemotions.

B.ItpreventsAIlearningviaonlineconversations.

C.ItcanmakeAImodelsadoptaparticularpersona.

D.ItforcesAImodelstofollowonlygoodpersonas.

30.WhatisYinzhcnLi'sattitudetowardsLLMs?

A.Unclear.B.Cautious.C.Approving.D.Negative.

31.Whichcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.LLMs:IllegalLearningModelsB.LLMs:TheLaiesiAdvancement

C.AIJailbreaks:ANewChallengeD.AIJailbreaks:APerfectApproach

Passage（2）

（2024?江蘇連云港?統(tǒng)考一模）Notallbirdssing,butseveralthousar.dspeciesdo.Theysingtodefendtheir

territoryandcroon（柔聲唱）toimpresspotentialmates.4*Whybirdssingisrelativelywell-answered,''saysIris

Adam,abehavioralneuroscientist.However,thebigquestionforherwaswhybirdssingsomuch.

“Assoonasyousing,yourevealyourself?'Adamsays."Like,whereyouareandwhereyourterritoryis."Ina

newitudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications,Adamandherco-workersofferanewexplanationlor

whybirdstakethatrisk.Theymayhavetosingaloteveiydaytogivetheirvocal（發(fā)聲的）musclestheregjlar

exercisetheyneedtoproducetop-qualitysongs.Jbfigureoutwhetherthenusclesthatproducebirdsongsrequire

dailyexercise.Adamdesignedanexperimentonzebrafinches-thelittleAustialiansongbirds.

Shepreventedthemfromsingingforaweekbykeepingthemin（hedarkcagealmostaroundtheclock.Lght

iswhatgalvanizesthebirdstosing,soshehadtoworktokeepthemfromwarbling（鳴叫）."Thefirsttwoorthree

days,it'squiteeasy,“shesays."Butthelongertheexperimentgoes,themoretheyarelike,*1needtosing.'”Atthat

point,she'dtapthecageandtellthemtostopsinging.

Afteraweek,thebirds'singingmuscleslosthalftheirstrength.ButAdamwonderedwhetherthatimpacted

ihequalityofsongs.Whensheplayedamale'ssongbeforeandafterthesevendaysofdarkness,shecouldn'thear

adifference.ButwhenAdamplayedittoagroupoffemalebirds,sixoutofninepreferred（hesong（hatcamefrom

amalewho'dbeenusinghissingingmusclesdaily.

Adam'sconclusionshowsthat“songbirdsneedtoexercisetheirvocalmusclestoproducetop-perlbrmance

songs.Iftheydon'tsing,theyloseperformance,andtheirsongsgetlessattractivetofcmalcs.MThismayhelp

exp憶insongbirds'continuoussinging.

It'sagoodruletoliveby,whetheryou'reabirdorahuman-practicemakesperfect,atleastwhenitcomesto

singingone'sheartout.

28.AccordingtoIrisAdam,birdssingsomuchto.

A.warnotherbirdsofrisksB.producemoresongs

C.performperfectlyinsingingD.defendtheirterritory

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“galvanizes”inParagraph3mean?

A.Prepares.B.Stimulates.C.Forbids.D.Frightens.

30.Whaidoweknowaboutthecagedbirdsintheexperiment?

A.Theylosttheabilitytosing.B.Theystrengthened（heirmuscles.

C.Theirsongsshowednodifference.D.Theirsongsbecamelessappealing.

31.WhatmayIrisAdamagreewith?

A.Thesongbirdsliveonmusic.B.Thesongbirdsarebornsingers.

C.Dailyexercisekeepsbirdshealthy.D.Practicemakesbirdsperfectsingers.

Passage（3）

（2024?福建?統(tǒng)考一模）OnthestreetsofManhattanandWashington,D.C.,inneighborhoodsinSeouland

parksinParis,ginkgo（銀杏）treesarelosingtheirleavesinreactiontothefirstgustofcoldwinterair.Thisleaf

drop,gradualatfirst,andthensudden,carpetsstreetswithgolden,fan-shapedleaves.Scientistsaredocumenting

evidenceoftheeventhappeninglaterandlater,apossibleindicationofclimatechange.Butthestoryofginkgosis

notthefamiliaroneofhumancarelessnesswithnature.

ThankstofossilsfoundinNorthDakota,scientistsfoundaginkgohasgeneticallysimilarancestorsdating

back170millionyearslotheJurassicPeriod."Italmostwentextinct.Thenhumansrescueditandspreaditaroand

theworld.It'ssuchagreatevolutionary（進(jìn)化）andculturalstory,''saysPeterCrane,aginkgoexpert.

Onetheoiyforthedeclineoftheginkgospeciesbegan130millionyearsago,whenfloweringplantsbegan

spreading.Theygrewfasterandattractedmorepollinators（傳粉者）thanginkgos,"It'spossiblethatginkgoswere

elbowedoutoftheway,“saysCrane.Alreadycompetingtosurvive,ginkgosbegantodisappearduringatimeof

globalcoolingthatbeganaround66millionyearsago.Bythetimethelasticeageended11,000yearsago,the

remainingsurvivorswerefoundinChina.

Ginkgotreesarcsmelly."Myguessisthattheywereeatenbyanimalsthatlikedsmellythings.Theythen

passedthroughtheirbodyandgrew."Cranesays.Thosesameseedsmayhavehelpedginkgofindfavorwith

humans1,000yearsago.Oncecleanedoftheirouterlayer,ginkgoseedsaresafetoeat.It'sthen,whenthetrees

hadlongsincedisappearedelsewhere,thatpeopleinChinamayhavebegunplantingthemandeatingtheirseeds.

Thengraduallyginkgosspreadacrosstheworld.Nowit'sseeminglynaturallyresistanttoinsectsandhighlevelsof

airpollution.

Craneisn'tworriedaboutitsfuture,though:Thepopularityofthespecieswillhelpitsurvive."Thoughits

statusinthewildmaybedifficulttoaccess,it'saplantthat'sunlikelytoevergoextinct,''hesays.

28.Whatmayhavecausedthefurtherdelayofginkgo'sleafdrop?

A.Thecolderweatherinwinter.

B.Theprotectionfromcitycouncils.

C.Theglobalwarmingphenomenon.

D.Thecarelessinteractionwithhumans.

29.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Thereasonswhyginkgosalmostdiedout.

B.Theadvantagesofginkgosoverolherplants.

C.Thetheoriesofexpertsfbrmultiplyingginkgos.

D.Thecompetitionbetweenvariousfloweringplants.

30.Whatmighthavecontributedtoginkgos,survival?

A.Theireatableseeds.B.Theirunpleasantsmell.

C.Thenaturalevolution.D.Thecarefulplanting.

31.HowdoesCranefeelaboutginkgos'future?

A.Worried.B.Optimistic.C.Uncertain.D.Hopeless.

Passage（4）

（2024?湖南邵陽?統(tǒng)考一模）Lisleningtoanaudiobook（有聲書）beforebedaffectsaperson'sbrainactivity

aftertheynodoffaswellasthecontentoftheirdreams.

Betterunderstandingthiseffectcouldhelptreatcertainmentalhealthconditionsbytargetingmemory

processingduringsleep.Whenwesleep,ourbrainsponlaneously（自發(fā)地）“replays”,orreactivatespatternsof

electricalactivitythatarerelatedtolearningtotransferimportantnewinformationtolong-termmemorystorage.Il

hasbeensuggestedthatdrcamsmayreflectthisreactivation,butexactlyhowisunclear.

Toinvestigate,DenizKumralattheUniversityofFreiburg,Germany,andhercolleaguesasked20peopleto

listentodifferentaudiobooksjustbeforetheywenttosleep.TheseincludedTheMysteryoftheBlueTrainby

AgathaChristieandInkheartbyConidiaFunke.

Amongtheparticipantswhoremembered（heirdreams,theresearcherscouldidentifywhichaudiobookeach

hadheardfromtheirdescriptionsofthedreams.Whiletheparticipantsslept,theresearchersalsousedanEEG(腦

電圖)cap(hatdetectselectricalactivitytorecord(heirbrainwaves.Thisshowedthatthewavepatternsduringthe

rapideyemovementphaseofsleep,whendreamsoccurred,weremoresimilarbetweenthosewhohadheardihe

sameaudiobookthanthosewhohadhearddifferentones,suggestingthatthelisteningexperienceshapedthebrain

activity.

Furtheranalysisofthepatternsrevsaledthathigh-frequencybetawav2s-between18and3Ohertz-were

moststronglyassociatedwiththeparticipantsrecallingtheaudiobook-relatedcontentoftheirdreams.Thefindings

suggestthatdailylifeexperiencescanshapedreamcontentviamemoryreactivation,accordingtotheresearchers.

Butwhiledreamingmayserveadistinctpurposeinmemoryformation,itcouldalsobeaby-productofmemory

processing.

“Daytimeexperiencesarerarelyreplayedasexperienced,butarealmostalwaysmodifiedorsurfacein

differentcontexts,“saysKumraL"Individualswithcertainpsychologicalconditionsormentalproblemsmight

benefitfromtailoredstrategies(hatenhancememoryprocessingortrcaidisordersofdreamingduringsleep,

potentiallycontributingtoimprovednier.talandemotionalhealth.M

28.Whatdidtheresearchersasktheparticipantstodo?

A.Recordtheirdreamseverynight.B.Listentoaudiobooksduringtheday.

C.Listentoaudiobooksjustbeforesleep.D.WearanEEGcapduringtheday.

29.WhydidDenizKumralandhercolleaguesdo(heresearch?

A.Toknowhowpeopleprocessinformation.

B.Tofindoutthecontentsofpeople'sdreams.

C.Torevealthesecretofimprovingpeople'smemory.

D.Toinvestigatehowdreamsreplaypatternsofelectricalactivity.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword4%modifiedMinthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Changed.B.StoredC.Strengthened.D.Forgotten.

31.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.Listeningexperiencesinfluencingbrainactivity

B.Listeningtoaudiobooksbeforebedshapingone'sdrcam

C.Theimportanceofdreamsinmemoryformation

D.Integrationofdailyexperiencesintodreams

Passage(5)

(2024?廣東肇慶?統(tǒng)考二模)“Heisagiantofthe20th-centuryart,butthatdoesn'tmeanheonlydidbig

paintings,saidLynnMiller,directorofRochesterCentralGallery,inaninterviewlastThursday.

Entitled“PicassoandHisDrafts”，aspecialexhibitmarking50yearssincethedeathofPabloPicassoisheld

atthegallerythismonth.Insteadofhispaintings,thenotebooksonwhichtheSpanishlegendaryartistdrewdrafts

areshowntothepublicforthefirstlime.

Matchboxcovers,postcards,icstaarantnapkinsallservedasdraftingnotesfortheartistatmomentsof

inspiration.Itisimportanttoknowthateachofthe14notebookspresentedreflectswhatwasgoingoninhislife.

Forexample,alinynotebookwhosesizeisjust3by5inchesstandsoutamongtheexhibits.Insidethelittle

bookwasaself-portraitoftheartistfinishedroughlyinpencil,withdeepandthoughtfuleyes.Itwasdonein1918

andPicasso,theninhismid-30s,hadjustgotmarried.Heproducedbig-sizedartworksbuthealsokeptthistiny

notebookaround,fillingi(withscenesofhiswife,theirfriends,thebeachandthetown,anddraftsofupcoir.ing

paintings.Actually,manyofthedraftdrawingsarcearlyversionsoffamedpaintingslikeLesDemoiselles

d,Avignon(1907)andDoraMaarinanAnnchair(1939).

“Heisagreatartistofthemodernperiod,andweseepracticeanddeterminationinhisnotebooks,saidLynn

Miller,referringtoPicasso'seffortsinimprovinghisskillsthroughcopiousdrawing.BernardRuiz-Picasso,a

grandsonofPicasso's,rememberedhimalwaysdraftinguntilthelastpieceofpaperavailable.t€Mygrandpawas

permanentlydrawingsomething,Ruiz-P:cassosaid.

Inadocumentaryfilmshownatthegallery.Picasso,shirdcssandinskorts,wasstandingonaladdertoreach

Ihelopofhiscanvas(畫布).Ilremindsvisitorsoftherealsizeofhismasterworks.

28.Whatarc(hekeyfeaturesof(herecentexhibitatthegallery?

A.Notebooksforsale.B.Picasso'sartworks.

C.Pricelessartisticdrafts.D.Masterpiecesofthe20lhcentury.

29.WhatisreflectedinthenotebookscfPicasso?

A.Hislifeexperience.B.Theloveforhiscountry.

C.Thecontentofhisbooks.D.Hiseducationbackground.

30.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPicassoaccordingtohisgrandson?

A.Creative.B.Diligent.C.Optimistic.D.Humorous.

31.Whatcanweteamfiomtheauthor'swordsinthelastparagraph?

A.Picassousedtomindhisappearance.B.Thegallerj'1exhibitsrealmasterworks.

C.Thedocumentarymovieisworthseeing.D.Picasso'sartworksarcactuallyofgreatsize.

Passage(6)

(2024?廣東茂名?統(tǒng)考?-模)Researchershaveidentifiedagrowingthreattoastronomyfromthesunlight

reflectingoffcommunicationdevicesinspace.Onesuchdevice,acommunicationsatellitecalledBlueWalker3,is

currentlyoneofthebrightestobjectsvisiblefromEarth,matchingthebrightnessofProcyonandAchemar,twoof

thebrighteststarsinthenightsky.

“BlueWalker3isvisibleinbothdarkskyandurbanskies,thoughinurbansettingsthiswillbelimitedtowhen

BlueWalker3passesoverhead."saidDr.JeremyTregloan-Reed,aco-authorofthestudyattheUniversityof

AtacamainChile."Largeconstellations(星座)ofbrightartificialsatellitesinlowEarthorbitposesignificant

challengestoground-basedastronomy,''thestudy'sauthorswrote.

Tregloan-Reedsaidalargereflectivebrightnessmeansthatwhenasatellitecrossesthedetectorofatelescope,

irleavesamarkthatcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,toremove.Thiscouldleadtolossofdatafromtheaffected

pixels(像素).Buthesaidspace-basedastronomyalsofacedchallengesfromsuchsatellites,notingthat

observationsbytheHubbletelescopehadincreasinglybeenaffectedbymarksfromSlarlinksatellites.Besides,the

teamnotes(heradiofrequenciesusedbyBlueWalker3arccloseto(hoseusedforradioastronomy,raisingthe

possibilitythatsuchsatellitescouldcauseinterference.

WhileBlueWalker3wasfoldedwhenitwaslaunchedlastyear,onceinspaceitopeneduptorevealahuge

surfaceareathatreflectedsunlight.Tregloan-Rccdaddedthatevenifallthereflectivebrightnessofallsatellites

wasreducedtobelowthelevelvisiblebythenakedeye,“theskybackgroundglowwillincreaseduetothe

accumulativeeffectofhavinghundredsofthousandsofsatellitesfromvariousoperatorsfrommanycountriesin

lowEarthorbit.Itisdisastrous!”

BlueWalker3,buikbyASTSpaceMobile,isjustthefirstonetobelaunched.Thecompanyisplanninga

constellationofsatellitesnicknamedBlueBirds,consistingofover100similarsatellitesandaimedtoprovide

satellitenetworkserviceforthewholeworld.Youcanimaginehowbrightthenightskywillbeat(hattime!

28.WhatcanweknowaboutBlueWalker3?

A.Itthreatens(hesunlight.B.ItwasinventedbyDr.Jeremy.

C.ItisbrighterthanProcyonandAchernar.D.Itisvisibleinurbanskieswhenpassingoverhead.

29.ThebrightnessofBlueWalker3ismostlikelytoaffect.

A.earthorbitB.spaceobservation

C.radiofrequencyD.satellitecommunication

30.ConcerningtheplanofBlueBirds,whatmighttheauthoragreewith?

A.Ithaspotentialdrawbacks.B.Itisboundtobeaccorrplished.

C.Itisirreplaceableforastronomy.D.Ilprovidesnetworkservicefortheworld.

31.What,sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.BlucWalkcr3—ABrightandDark"Star"B.BlueWalker3—TheMostValuableSatellite

C.TheNightSky—GlowingwithBlueWalker3D.TheNightSky—HeavilyPollutedbyBlueWalker3

Passage（7）

（2024?湖南長沙?統(tǒng)考一模）FortherapidlydecreasingnumberofAmericanswho'veneverheardof

pickleball,thelittle-knownpaddleballgameisoneofAmerica'sfastest-growingsports.

Inventedin1965bythreemiddle-agedfathersinWashingtonstate,pickleballisanoddcrossamongtennis,

ping-pongandbadminton,playedwithapaddleandaperforated（穿孔的）plasticball.Thefoundersaresaidto

havenamedthegameafterafamilydogcalledPickles.

MostofpicklebalTscoreplayers—thosewhoplaymorethaneighttimesperyear—areoverage65,butthe

gameisgettingyounger,withthestrongestgrowthamongplayersunder55,accordingtoUSAPicklcball.Butwith

somanynewplayers,theUSisstrugglingtokeepupwiththedemandforcourts.Thecountryhasonlyabout

10,000placestoplay,byUSAPicklebalTscount,bulthatcontinuestogrowbyseveraldozeneverymonth.

Pickleballisalsofastbecomingaspectatorsport（觀賞性運(yùn)動）.Itsfirstprofessionaltournament,the

ProfessionalPicklebailAssociation（PPA）Tour,wasformedin2018andtheprofessionalplayersarebeingableto

reallybecomecelebritiesandspotlights.Traditionalbroadcasters,interestinthesportisgrowing.Sofar,pickleball

fanscanwatchamateurandprofessionalmatchesonsportsorsocialchannels,mostlyonline.

“Theabilityforasporttofindanaudiencequicklyviasocialmediaisunprecedented（前所未有的）,“says

BenShields,wholecturesatMIT'sSloanSchoolofManagementandstudiesthesportsindustry.Shieldsaddsthat

picklcballstillneedsafamousstartodrawinwideraudiences,ashasbeenthekeytosuccessforothersports

opularityofPickleball

C.TheRiseandFallofPicklcballD.TheRulesofPlayingPicklcball

Passage（8）

（2024?湖南長沙?統(tǒng)考■模）ByteDance'sDouyinhasbeentrialingafooddeliveryservicesinceDecemberas

itlookstoexpanditsbusinessbeyondadvertising.Itpot