電氣工程及其自動化專業英語復習資料?一、專業詞匯

（一）電路相關1.circuit：電路2.resistor：電阻器3.capacitor：電容器4.inductor：電感器5.voltage：電壓6.current：電流7.power：功率8.Ohm'slaw：歐姆定律（I=V/R，其中I是電流，V是電壓，R是電阻）9.Kirchhoff'slaws：基爾霍夫定律Kirchhoff'scurrentlaw(KCL)：基爾霍夫電流定律（流入節點的電流之和等于流出節點的電流之和）Kirchhoff'svoltagelaw(KVL)：基爾霍夫電壓定律（沿閉合回路的電壓降之和等于零）

（二）電機相關1.motor：電動機2.generator：發電機3.DCmotor：直流電動機4.ACmotor：交流電動機5.synchronousmotor：同步電動機6.asynchronousmotor：異步電動機7.rotor：轉子8.stator：定子9.magneticfield：磁場

（三）電力系統相關1.powersystem：電力系統2.transmissionline：輸電線路3.substation：變電站4.transformer：變壓器5.load：負載6.powergrid：電網7.hydroelectricpower：水力發電8.thermalpower：火力發電9.nuclearpower：核能發電

（四）自動化相關1.automation：自動化2.programmablelogiccontroller(PLC)：可編程邏輯控制器3.sensor：傳感器4.actuator：執行器5.controlsystem：控制系統6.feedbackcontrol：反饋控制7.openloopcontrol：開環控制8.closedloopcontrol：閉環控制

二、專業術語與短語

（一）描述電路特性1.seriescircuit：串聯電路2.parallelcircuit：并聯電路3.equivalentresistance：等效電阻4.equivalentcapacitance：等效電容5.equivalentinductance：等效電感6.voltagedrop：電壓降7.currentdivider：電流分配器8.voltagedivider：電壓分配器

（二）電機運行狀態1.ratedpower：額定功率2.ratedvoltage：額定電壓3.ratedcurrent：額定電流4.startingtorque：啟動轉矩5.maximumtorque：最大轉矩6.efficiency：效率7.powerfactor：功率因數

（三）電力系統運行1.powergeneration：發電2.powertransmission：輸電3.powerdistribution：配電4.gridconnection：并網5.loadflowanalysis：潮流分析6.shortcircuitcurrent：短路電流7.powerquality：電能質量

（四）自動化控制策略1.proportionalcontrol(Pcontrol)：比例控制2.integralcontrol(Icontrol)：積分控制3.derivativecontrol(Dcontrol)：微分控制4.PIDcontrol：比例積分微分控制5.feedforwardcontrol：前饋控制6.adaptivecontrol：自適應控制

三、課文重點句子解析

（一）電路部分1."Acircuitisaclosedpaththroughwhichelectriccurrentcanflow."解析：這是對電路的基本定義。"closedpath"明確了電路必須是一個封閉的路徑，這樣電流才能在其中持續流動。例如，一個簡單的由電池、燈泡和導線組成的回路就是一個電路，電流從電池的正極出發，經過燈泡，再回到電池的負極，形成一個封閉的路徑。2."AccordingtoOhm'slaw,thecurrentinaconductorisdirectlyproportionaltothevoltageacrossitandinverselyproportionaltoitsresistance."解析：該句闡述了歐姆定律的核心內容。"directlyproportionalto"表示成正比關系，即電壓增大，電流也隨之增大；"inverselyproportionalto"表示成反比關系，電阻增大時，電流減小。例如，當電阻不變，電壓從10V增加到20V，電流也會相應地增大一倍；當電壓不變，電阻從5Ω增加到10Ω，電流會減小為原來的一半。

（二）電機部分1."ThesynchronousmotorrotatesataconstantspeeddeterminedbythefrequencyoftheACpowersupply."解析：此句說明了同步電動機的轉速特性。同步電動機的轉速與交流電源的頻率之間存在固定的關系，由電源頻率決定其轉速。例如，在我國，交流電源頻率為50Hz，同步電動機在這種電源下就會以與該頻率對應的固定轉速運行。2."Theasynchronousmotorhasarotorthatrotatesataspeedslightlylessthanthesynchronousspeed."解析：描述了異步電動機的轉速特點。異步電動機的轉子轉速略低于同步轉速，這是異步電動機區別于同步電動機的關鍵特性。正是由于這種轉速差，異步電動機才能實現電能與機械能的轉換。例如，當異步電動機接入電源后，轉子會在旋轉磁場的作用下開始轉動，但始終達不到同步轉速。

（三）電力系統部分1."Powertransmissionistheprocessofdeliveringelectricityfromthepowergenerationplantstothesubstationslocatedneartheloadcenters."解析：解釋了輸電的概念。輸電是將發電廠產生的電能輸送到靠近負載中心的變電站的過程。這個過程需要通過高壓輸電線路來實現，以減少電能在傳輸過程中的損耗。例如，大型發電廠通常位于能源豐富的地區，而用電負荷中心可能在城市等其他地方，輸電線路就負責將電能從發電廠輸送到這些負荷中心附近的變電站。2."Transformerisanimportantdeviceinthepowersystemthatcanchangethevoltageleveloftheelectricity."解析：強調了變壓器在電力系統中的重要作用。變壓器能夠改變電能的電壓等級，在輸電和配電過程中起到關鍵作用。例如，在輸電環節，通過升壓變壓器將發電廠發出的較低電壓升高到高壓，便于遠距離輸電；在配電環節，再通過降壓變壓器將高壓降低到合適的電壓等級供用戶使用。

（四）自動化部分1."Inafeedbackcontrolsystem,theoutputofthesystemismeasuredandfedbacktotheinputtoparewiththereferencesignal."解析：闡述了反饋控制系統的工作原理。在反饋控制系統中，系統的輸出被測量并反饋到輸入端，與參考信號進行比較。通過這種比較，控制系統可以根據輸出與參考信號的差異來調整輸入，從而使系統的輸出更接近預期值。例如，在溫度控制系統中，溫度傳感器測量實際溫度（輸出）并反饋給控制器，控制器將其與設定的溫度值（參考信號）進行比較，然后根據差異調整加熱或制冷設備，以保持溫度穩定。2."PLCisadigitalputerusedforautomationofindustrialprocesses,whichcanbeprogrammedtoperformavarietyofcontrolfunctions."解析：介紹了可編程邏輯控制器的用途。PLC是用于工業過程自動化的數字計算機，它可以通過編程來執行各種控制功能。例如，在工廠的生產線上，PLC可以根據預設的程序控制電機的啟停、閥門的開關等，實現生產過程的自動化控制。

四、閱讀理解練習及答案

（一）閱讀理解文章一：CircuitAnalysisAcircuitconsistsofavoltagesource,aresistor,andacapacitorconnectedinseries.Thevoltagesourceprovidesanalternatingvoltage\(v(t)=V_m\sin(\omegat)\),where\(V_m\)istheamplitudeofthevoltageand\(\omega\)istheangularfrequency.Theresistorhasaresistance\(R\)andthecapacitorhasacapacitance\(C\).

1.AccordingtoKirchhoff'svoltagelaw,thesumofthevoltagedropsacrosstheresistor,capacitor,andthevoltagesourceiszero.Thevoltagedropacrosstheresistoris\(v_R(t)=i(t)R\),where\(i(t)\)isthecurrentinthecircuit.Thevoltagedropacrossthecapacitoris\(v_C(t)=\frac{1}{C}\int_{\infty}^{t}i(\tau)d\tau\).2.BysubstitutingtheseexpressionsintoKirchhoff'svoltagelaw\(v(t)=v_R(t)+v_C(t)\),weget\(V_m\sin(\omegat)=i(t)R+\frac{1}{C}\int_{\infty}^{t}i(\tau)d\tau\).3.Takingthederivativeofbothsideswithrespectto\(t\),weobtain\(V_m\omega\cos(\omegat)=R\frac{di(t)}{dt}+\frac{i(t)}{C}\).4.Thisisafirstorderlineardifferentialequation.Thegeneralsolutionofthisequationis\(i(t)=I_m\sin(\omegat+\varphi)\),where\(I_m=\frac{V_m}{\sqrt{R^2+(\frac{1}{\omegaC})^2}}\)and\(\tan\varphi=\frac{1}{\omegaRC}\).

Questions:1.Whatponentsareconnectedinseriesinthecircuit?Answer:Avoltagesource,aresistor,andacapacitor.2.Whatisthevoltagedropacrosstheresistor?Answer:\(v_R(t)=i(t)R\).3.Whatisthevoltagedropacrossthecapacitor?Answer:\(v_C(t)=\frac{1}{C}\int_{\infty}^{t}i(\tau)d\tau\).4.Whatisthegeneralsolutionofthedifferentialequationobtained?Answer:\(i(t)=I_m\sin(\omegat+\varphi)\),where\(I_m=\frac{V_m}{\sqrt{R^2+(\frac{1}{\omegaC})^2}}\)and\(\tan\varphi=\frac{1}{\omegaRC}\).

（二）閱讀理解文章二：ACMotorsACmotorsarewidelyusedinindustrialanddomesticapplications.TherearetwomaintypesofACmotors:synchronousmotorsandasynchronousmotors.

SynchronousmotorsrotateataconstantspeedthatisdirectlyrelatedtothefrequencyoftheACpowersupply.Theyhavearotorwithpermanentmagnetsorelectromagnetsthatlockinstepwiththerotatingmagneticfieldproducedbythestatorwindings.Synchronousmotorsareoftenusedinapplicationswhereapreciseconstantspeedisrequired,suchasinsomeindustrialmachineryandclocks.

Asynchronousmotors,ontheotherhand,havearotorthatrotatesataspeedslightlylessthanthesynchronousspeed.Thedifferencebetweenthesynchronousspeedandtherotorspeediscalledtheslip.AsynchronousmotorsarethemostmonlyusedtypeofACmotorduetotheirsimplicity,reliability,andrelativelylowcost.Theyareusedinawiderangeofapplications,includingpumps,fans,andconveyorbelts.

Questions:1.WhatarethetwomaintypesofACmotors?Answer:Synchronousmotorsandasynchronousmotors.2.Howdoesasynchronousmotorrotate?Answer:ItrotatesataconstantspeeddirectlyrelatedtothefrequencyoftheACpowersupply,witharotorthatlocksinstepwiththerotatingmagneticfieldofthestatorwindings.3.Wherearesynchronousmotorsoftenused?Answer:Inapplicationswhereapreciseconstantspeedisrequired,suchassomeindustrialmachineryandclocks.4.Whatisthecharacteristicofanasynchronousmotor'srotorspeed?Answer:Itrotatesataspeedslightlylessthanthesynchronousspeed,andthedifferenceiscalledtheslip.5.Whyareasynchronousmotorsmonlyused?Answer:Becauseoftheirsimplicity,reliability,andrelativelylowcost,andtheyareusedinawiderangeofapplicationslikepumps,fans,andconveyorbelts.

（三）閱讀理解文章三：PowerTransmissioninPowerSystemsPowertransmissionisacrucialpartofthepowersystem.Itinvolvesdeliveringelectricityfrompowergenerationplantstotheendusers.Theprocesstypicallystartswiththegenerationofelectricityatpowerplants,whichcanbeofvarioustypessuchasthermal,hydro,ornuclearpowerplants.

Thegeneratedelectricityisthensteppeduptoahighvoltagelevelusingtransformersatthepowerplant.Highvoltagetransmissionlinesareusedtocarrytheelectricityoverlongdistances.Thesetransmissionlinesaredesignedtominimizepowerlossesduringtransmission.Thepowerlossesinatransmissionlinearegivenby\(P_{loss}=I^2R\),where\(I\)isthecurrentflowingthroughthelineand\(R\)istheresistanceoftheline.Byincreasingthevoltage,thecurrentcanbereducedforthesameamountofpowerbeingtransmitted,thusreducingthepowerlosses.

Atthereceivingend,thevoltageissteppeddownusingtransformersatsubstationstoalevelsuitablefordistributiontotheendusers.Thedistributionnetworkthenfurtherdistributestheelectricitytoindividualconsumers,businesses,andindustries.

Questions:1.Whatisthestartingpointofpowertransmission?Answer:Thegenerationofelectricityatpowerplants.2.Howisthegeneratedelectricitypreparedforlongdistancetransmission?Answer:Itissteppeduptoahighvoltagelevelusingtransformersatthepowerplant.3.Whatareusedtocarryelectricityoverlongdistances?Answer:Highvoltagetransmissionlines.4.Howcanpowerlossesinatransmissionlinebereduced?Answer:Byincreasingthevoltage,whichreducesthecurrentforthesamepowerbeingtransmittedas\(P_{loss}=I^2R\).5.Whathappensatthereceivingendofthetransmission?Answer:Thevoltageissteppeddownusingtransformersatsubstationstoasuitablelevelfordistributiontoendusers.

五、翻譯練習及答案

（一）詞匯與短語翻譯1.resistor電阻器2.capacitor電容器3.inductor電感器4.voltage電壓5.current電流6.power功率7.Ohm'slaw歐姆定律8.Kirchhoff'slaws基爾霍夫定律9.seriescircuit串聯電路10.parallelcircuit并聯電路

（二）句子翻譯1.Acircuitisaclosedpaththroughwhichelectriccurrentcanflow.翻譯：電路是電流能夠流過的閉合路徑。2.AccordingtoOhm'slaw,thecurrentinaconductorisdirectlyproportionaltothevoltageacrossitandinverselyproportionaltoitsresistance.翻譯：根據歐姆定律，導體中的電流與其兩端的電壓成正比，與電阻成反比。3.ThesynchronousmotorrotatesataconstantspeeddeterminedbythefrequencyoftheACpowersupply.翻譯：同步電動機以由交流電源頻率決定的恒定速度旋轉。4.Powertransmissionistheprocessofdeliveringelectricityfromthepowergenerationplantstothesubstationslocatedneartheloadcenters.翻譯：輸電是將電能從發電廠輸送到位于負載中心附近的變電站的過程。5.Inafeedbackcontrolsystem,theoutputofthesystemismeasuredandfedbacktotheinputtoparewiththereferencesignal.翻譯：在反饋控制系統中，系統的輸出被測量并反饋到輸入端，與參考信號進行比較。

六、寫作練習：介紹一種電氣設備

介紹直流電動機（DCMotor）

DCMotor:AFundamentalElectricalDevice

DCmotorsareessentialponentsinmanyelectricalandmechanicalsystems.Theyconvertelectricalenergyintomechanicalenergy,providingrotationalmotion.

StructureandWorkingPrinciple

ADCmotormainlyconsistsofastatorandarotor.Thestatorhousesthefieldwindings,whichcreateamagneticfield.Therotor,ontheotherhand,containsthearmaturewindings.Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughthearmaturewindings,aforceisexertedontheconductorsduetotheinteractionbetweenthemagneticfieldandthecurrent.Thisforcecausestherotortorotate.

Advantages

DCmotorsofferseveraladvantages.Theyhavehighstartingtorque,whichmakesthemsuitableforapplicationsthatrequirequickacceleration,suchaselectricvehiclesandindustri