大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷8（共9套）

（共230題）

大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第1套

一、詞匯理解（本題共70題，每題1.0分，共70分。）

Usingauumpulciorsmailplioiicalniglilcancauseuslupileunllicpounds,new

researchhasrevealed.Thestudyfoundalinkbetweenbluelight[Cl]一blue

lightisemittedbysmartphonesandtablets-andincreasedhunger.Itfoundthatexposure

tothelightincreaseshungerlevelsforseveralhoursandevenincreaseshungerlevels

aftereatingameal.ResultsoftheU.S.studyshowthatblue-enrichcdlightexposure,

comparedwith[C2]lightexposure,was[C3]withanincreasein

hungerthatbegan15minutesafterlightonsetandwasstill[C4]almosttwo

hoursafterthemeal.Bluelightexposurehasalsoalreadybeenshowntodecreased

sleepinessintheeveningincreasingtheriskofinsomnia.Studyco-authorIvyCheung,of

NorthwesternUniversity,inChicago,said:"Asinglethree-hourexposuretobluc-

enrichedlightintheevening[C5]impactedhungerandglucosemetabolism.

Theseresultsareimportantbecausetheysuggestthatmanipulatingenvironmentallight

exposureforhumansmayrepresentanovel[C6]ofinfluencingfoodintake

patternsandmetabolism."Thestudygroup[C7]10healthyadultswith

regularsleepandeatingscheduleswhoreceived[C8]carbohydrate-rich

meals.Theycompletedafour-daytrialunderdimlightconditions,whichinvolved

exposuretolessthan20luxduring16hoursawakeandlessthanthreeluxduringeight

hoursofsleep.Ondaythreetheywereexposedtothreehoursof260lux,blue-enrichcd

lightstarting10.5hoursafterwakingup,andtheeffectswerecomparedwithdimlight

exposureondaytwo.MsCheungsaidmoreresearchisneededto[C9]the

mechanismsofaction[CIO]intherelationshipbetweenlightexposure,

hungerandmetabolism.A)associatedF)rarelyK)identicalB)acutelyG)settleL)

mannerC)comprisedH)presentM)involvedD)determineI)approachN)dimE)dump

J)randomlyO)exposure

1、【Cl】’

標準答案：0

知識點解析：空格前為名詞light,空格后為破折號，betweenbluelight

andincreasedhunger為并列結構，因此空格處應填入名詞（n.）。由句意可知，空

格處的名詞應與“接觸”表意相近，同時第三段也提到lightexposure,名詞中只有0

項exposure“暴露”符合句意。故本題選0。

2、[C2]

標準答案：N

知識點解析：空格前為介詞with,空格后為lightexposure,因此空格處應填入形容

詞（a.）o由句意可知，空格處的形容詞應與'、暗淡的'’表意相近，而且第五段也提

到dimlightconditions,形容詞中只有N項dim“暗淡的，昏暗的”符合句意。故本

題選N。

3、[C3]

標準答案：A

知識點解析：空格前為be動詞was,空格后為介詞with,因此空格處應填入動詞

的過去分詞（v.-cd）o由句意可知，空格處的動詞應與“聯系”表意相近，動詞中只

有A項associated"聯系”符合句意。故本題選A。

4、[C4]

標準答案：H

知識點解析：空格前為wasstill,空格后為副詞almost,因此空格處應填入形容詞

（a.）o由句意可知，空格處的形容詞應與“存在的”表意相近，形容詞中只有H項

present”存在的"符合句意。故本題選H。

5、[C5]

標準答案：B

知識點解析：空格前為intheevening,空格后為謂語impacted,本句不缺主干成

分，因此空格處應填入副詞（ad.）。由句意可知，空格處的副詞應與“重大”表意

相近，副詞中只有B項acutely”深深地，極其”符合句意。故本題選B。

6、[C61

標準答案：I

知識點解析：空格前為anovel,空格后為of,因此空格處應填入名詞（n.）。由句

意可知，空格處的名詞應與“方法”表意相近，名詞中只有I項approach”方法，途

徑”符合句意。故本題選I。

7、[C71

標準答案：C

知識點解析：空格前為主語Thestudygroup,空格后為賓語10heallhyadults,因此

空格處應填入動詞（v.）。由句意可知，空格處的動詞應與“包含”表意相近，動詞

中只有C項comprised”包括，包含，由……組成”符合句意。故本題選C。

8、[C8]

標準答案：K

知識點解析：空格前為received,空格后為carbohydrate-richmeals,因此空格處應

填入形容詞(a.)o由句意可知，空格處的形容詞應與“同一的”表意相近，形容詞

中只有K項identical“同一的，完全相同的”符合句意。故本題選K。

9、[C9]

標準答案：D

知識點解析：空格前為I。，空格后為定冠詞〔he,因此空格處應填入動詞(v.)。

由句意可知，空格處的動詞應與'、決定'’表意相近，動詞中只有D項detennme'、查

明；決定''符合句意。故本題選D。

10、[C10]

標準答案：M

知識點解析：空格前為action,空格后為介詞in,因此空格處應填入動詞(v.)。

由句意可知，空格處的動詞應與“涉及”表意相近，動詞中只有M項involved”卷

入，涉及，參與''符合句意。故本題選M。

二、長篇閱讀（本題共70題，每題7.0分，共70分。）

Who'sReallyAddictingYoutoTechnology?[A]"NearlyeveryoneIknowisaddictedin

somemeasuretotheInternet,"wroteTonySchwartzinTheNewYorkTimes.It'sa

commoncomplaintthesedays.AsteadystreamofsimilarheadlinesaccusetheNetand

itsoffspringapps,socialmediasitesandonlinegamesofaddictingustodistraction.[B]

There'slittledoubtthatnearlyeveryonewhocomesincontactwiththeNethasdifficulty

disconnecting.Manyofus,likeSchwartz,struggletostayfocusedontasksthatrequire

moreconcentrationthanittakestopostastatusupdate.Asonepersonironicallyputitin

thecommentssectionofSchwartz'sonlinearticle,"AsIwasreadingthisveryexcellent

article,Istoppedatleasthalfadozentimestocheckmyemail."[C]There'ssomething

differentaboutthistechnology:itisbothinvasiveandpersuasive.Butwho'satfaultfor

itsoveruse?Tofindsolutions,it'simportanttounderstandwhatwc'rcdealingwith.There

arefourpartiesconspiringtokeepyouconnected:thetech,yourboss,yourfriendsand

you.|D|Thetechnologiesthemselves,andtheirmakers,aretheeasiestsuspectstoblame

forourdiminishingattentionspans.NicholasCarr,authorofTheShallows:Whatthe

InternetIsDoingtoOurBrains,wrote,"Thenetisdesignedtobeaninterruptionsystem,

amachinegearedtodividingattention.H[E]OnlineserviceslikeFacebook,Twitterand

thelike,arecalledoutasmastersofmanipulation-makingproductssogoodthatpeople

can'tstopusingthem.Afterstudyingtheseproductsforseveralyears,Iwroteabook

abouthowtheydoit.Ilearneditallstartswiththebusinessmodel.Sincetheseservices

relyonadvertisingrevenue,themorefrequentlyyouusethem,themoremoneythey

make.It'snowonderthesecompaniesemployteamsofpeoplefocusedonengineering

theirservicestobeasengagingaspossible.Theseproductsaren'thabit-formingby

chance:it'sbydesign.Theyhaveanincentivetokeepushooked.[F]However,asgood

astheseservicesare,therearesimplestepswecantaketokeepthematbay.For

example,wecanchangehowoftenwereceivethedistractingnotificationsthattrigger

oururgetocheck.AccordingtoAdamMarchick,CEOofmobilemarketingcompany

Kahuna,lessthan15percentofsmartphoneuserseverbothertoadjusttheirnotification

settings-meaningtheremaining85percentofusdefaulttotheappmakers'everypreset

trigger.GoogleandApplehavemadeitfartoodifficulttoadjustthesesettingssoit'sup

toustotakestepstoensurewesetthesetriggerstosuitourownneeds,nottheneedsof

theappmakers'.[G]WhilecompanieslikeFacebookharvestattentiontogenerate

revenuefromadvertisers,othertechnologieshavenosuchagenda.Takeemail,for

example.Thissystemcouldn'tcarelesshowoftenyouuseit.Yettomany,emailisthe

mosthabit-formingmediumofall.Wccheckemailatallhoursoftheday——wc'rc

obsessed.Butwhy?Becausethat'swhatthebosswants.Foralmostallwhite-collarjobs,

emailistheprimarytoolofcorporatecommunication.Aslowresponsetoamessage

couldhurtnotonlyyourreputationbutalsoyourlivelihood.[H]Yourfriendsarealso

responsiblefortheaddiction.Thinkaboutthisfamiliarscene.Peoplegatheredarounda

table,enjoyingfoodandeachother'scompany.There'slaughterandabitofkidding.

Then,duringanintervalintheconversation,someonetakesouttheirphonetocheckwho

knowswhat.Barelyanyonenoticesandnoonesaysathing.[I]Now,imaginethesame

dinner,butinsteadofcheckingtheirphone,thepersonbelches(打嗝)一loudly.Everyone

notices.Unlessthemealtakesplaceinabeerhouse,thisisconsideredbadmanners.The

impoliteactviolatesthebasicrulesofetiquette.Onehastowonder:whydon'tweapply

thesamesocialnormstocheckingphonesduringmeals,meetingsandconversationsas

wedotootherantisocialbehaviors?Somehow,weacceptitandsaynothingwhen

someoneoffends.[J]Therealityis,takingone'sphoneoutatthewrongtimeisworse

thanbelchingbecause,unlikeotherminoroffensecheckingtechiscontagious.Onceone

personlooksattheirphone,otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothesame,startingachain

reaction.Themorepeopleareontheirphones,thefewerpeoplearetalkinguntilfinally

you'retheonlyoneleftnotreadingemailorcheckingTwitter.Fromasocietal

perspective,phonecheckingislesslikebelchinginpublicandmorelikeanotherbad

habit.Ourphonesarclikecigarettes—somethingtodowhenwc'rcanxious,boredor

whenourfingersneedsomethingtotoywith.Seeingothersenjoyasmoke,orsneaka

quickglance,istootemptingtoresistandsooneveryoneisdoingit.|K|Thetechnology,

yourboss,andyourfriends,allinfluencehowoftenyoufindyourselfusing(or

overusing)thesegadgets.Butthere'sstillsomeonewhodeservesscrutiny-theperson

holdingthephone.[L]Ihaveaconfession.EventhoughIstudyhabit-forming

technologyforaliving,disconnectingisnoteasyforme.I'monlinefarmorethanI'dlike.

LikeSchwartzandsomanyothers,Ioftenfindmyselfdistractedandofftask.Iwantedto

knowwhysoIbeganself-monitoringtotrytounderstandmybehavior.That'swhenI

discoveredanuncomfortabletruth.Iusetechnologyasanescape.WhenI'mdoing

somethingI'drathernotdo,orwhenI'msomeplaceI'drathernotbe.1usemyphoneto

portmyselfelsewhere.Ifoundthatthisabilitytoinstantlyshiftmyattentionwasoftena

Noodthing,likewhenpassingtimeonpublictransportation.Butfrequentlymytechuse

wasnotsobenign.WhenIfaceddifficultwork,likethinkingthroughanarticleideaor

editingthesamedraftforthehundredthtime,forexample,amoresinisterscreenwould

drawmein.Icouldeasilyescapediscomfort,temporarily,byansweringemailsor

browsingthewebunderthepretenseofso-called"research."ThoughIdesperately

wantedtolayblameelsewhere,Ifinallyhadtoadmitthatmybadhabitshadlesstodo

withnew-agetechnologyandmoretodowithold-fashionedprocrastination（拖延）.|M|

It'seasytoblametechnologyforbeingsodistracting,butdistractionisnothingnew.

AristotleandSocratesdebatedthenatureof"akrasia"-ourtendencytodothingsagainst

ourinterests.Ifwe'rehonestwithourselves,techisjustanotherwaytooccupyourtime

andminds.Ifweweren'tonourdevices,we'dlikelydosomethingsimilarly

unproductive.[N]Personaltechnologyisindeedmoreengagingthanever,andthere'sno

doubtcompaniesarcengineeringtheirproductsandservicestobemorecompellingand

attractive.Butwouldwewantitanyotherway?Theintendedresultofmakingsomething

betteristhatpeopleuseitmore.That'snotnecessarilyaproblem,that'sprogress.|O

Theseimprovementsdon'tmeanweshouldn'tattempttocontrolouruseoftechnology.In

ordertomakesureitdoesn'tcontrolus,weshouldcometotermswiththefactthatits

morethanthetechnologyitselfthat'sresponsibleforourhabits.Ourworkplaceculture,

socialnormsandindividualbehaviorsallplayapart.Toputtechnologyinitsplace,we

mustbeconsciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyischanging,butalsoofhowitischanging

us.

11、Onlineservicesaresodesignedthatthemoretheyareused,themoreprofitthey

generate.

標準答案：E

知識點儲析：題干：在線服務的設計初哀就是它們被使用得越多，產生的利潤就越

多。題干的關鍵詞ORlineservices>themoretheyareused,themoreprofitthey

generate與E段第四句Sincetheseservices…themorefrequentlyyouusethem,the

moremoneytheymake相對應，theseservices指E段第一句中的Onlineserviceslike

Facebook,Twitterandthe1汰e,題干是對E段第四句的同義替換。故本題選E。

12、Theauthoradmitsusingtechnologyasanescapefromthetaskathand.

標準答案：L一

知識點解析：題干：作者承認以技術為借口來逃避手頭的任務。題干的關鍵詞The

authoradmits與L段第一句Ihaveaconfession相對應：題干關鍵詞usingtechnology

asallescapefromthetaskathand與L段第七句Iusetechnologyasanescape相對

應，接卜來的第八、九句做了進一步解釋，題十是對L段內容的概括總結。故本

題選L。

13、Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormalbutnotbelching.

標準答案：I-

知識點解析：題干：在用餐時查看手機現在已被視為是正常的，但打嗝不行。題干

的關鍵詞Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormal與I段末句中的we

acceptitandsaynothingwhensomeoneoffends相對應，it指倒數第二句中提到的

checkingphonesduringmeals,meetingsandconversations；題干關鍵詞butnot

belching與I段第三句中的thisisconsideredbadmanners相對應,this指第一?句中的

thesamedinner...thepersonbelchesloudlyo題干是對I段內容的概括總結。故

本題選Io

14、Tomakeproperuseoftechnology,weshouldnotonlyincreaseourawarenessof

howitischangingbutalsohowitisimpactingus.

標準答案：0

知識點解析：題干：為更好地利用技術，我們不僅應該提高對技術如何變化的認

識。還應該提高對它如何影響我們的認識。題干的關鍵詞Tomakeproperuseof

technologyincreaseourawarenessofhowitischangingbutalsohowitisimpactingus

與O段末句Toputtechnologyinitsplace、beconsciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyis

changing,butalsoofhowitischangingUS相對應，題干是對O段末句的同義替

換。故本題選0。

15、MostofusfindithardtofocusonourimmediatelasksbecauseofInternet

distractions.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：題干：我們大多數人都認為，由于互聯網的干擾，我們很難專注于眼

前的任務。題干的關鍵詞Mostofus^hardtofocusonourimmediatetasksbecauseof

Internetdistractions與B段第二句中的Manyofus...struggletostayfocusedontasks

ihatrequiremoreconcentration相對應，題干是對B段第二句的同義替換。故本題選

Bo

16、Whenonepersonstartscheckingtheirphone,theotherswillfollowsuit.

標準答案：J

知識點解析：題干：當一個人開始查看手機時，其他人也會跟著這么做。題干的關

鍵詞oneperson>checkingtheirphonetheothers和followsuit與J段第二句中的

Onceonepersonlooksattheirphone,otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothesame-

startingachainreaction題干是對J段第二句的同義替換。故本題選J。

17、Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusersdon'ttakethetroubletoadjusttheirsettings

tosuittheirpurposes.

標準答案：F

知識點解析：題干：絕大多數智能手機用戶不會費勁地去調整設置以滿足自己的需

求。題干的關鍵詞Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusers、don'ttakethetroubleto

adjusttheirsettings與F段第三句中的theremaining85percentofus、less...ever

bothertoadjusttheirnotificationsettings相對應，題干關鍵詞suittheirpurposes與F

段末句中的suitourownneeds相對應，題干是對F段第三、四句的概括總結。故本

題選F。

18、TheInternetisregardedbysomeasdesignedtodistractourattention.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：題干：有些人認為互聯網就是設計來分散我們的注意力的。題干的關

鍵詞TheInternet>designedtodistractOurattention與D段末句中的Thenct^

designedtobeallinterruptionsystem,amachinegearedtodividingattention相對應°

題干是對D段末句的同義替換。故本題選D。

19、Theauthorattributeshistechaddictionchieflytohishabitofputtingoffdoingwhat

heshoulddorightaway.

標準答案：L

知識點露析：題干：作者將他的技術上癮主要歸因于他推遲做他應該馬上做的事情

的習慣。題干的關鍵詞attributes...chieflytohishabitof與L段末句中的layblame

hadlesstodowith...andmoretodowith…相對應,題干關鍵詞histechaddiction>

puttingoffdoingwhatheshoulddorightaway與末句中的mybadhabits、

procrastination相對應，題干是對L段末句的同義替換。故本題選L。

20、White-collarworkerscheckemailroundtheclockbecauseilisrequiredbytheir

employers.

標準答案：G

知識點解析：題干：白領們全天候地查看電子郵件，因為這是他們的雇主要求的。

題干的關鍵詞White-collarworkers與G段倒數第二句中的white-collarjobs相對

應，題干關鍵詞checkemailroundtheclock與G段第五句中的checkemailatall

hoursoftheday相對應,題干關鍵詞becauseitisrequiredbytheiremployers與G段

第七句Becausethafswhatthebosswants相對應。題干是對G段的概括總結。故本

題選G。

三、仔細閱讀（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。）

OrganicagricultureisarelativelyuntappedresourceforfeedingtheEarth'spopulation,

especiallyinthefaceofclimatechangeandotherglobalchallenges.That'stheconclusion

Ireachedinreviewing40yearsofsciencecomparingthelong-termprospectsoforganic

andconventionalfarming.Thereviewstudy,"OrganicAgricultureinthe21stCentury,"

isfeaturedasthecoverstoryfbrtheFebruaryissueofthejournalNaturePlants.Itisthe

firsttocompareorganicandconventionalagricultureacrossthemaingoalsof

sustainabilityidentifiedbytheNationalAcademyofSciences:productivity,economics

andenvironment.Criticshavelongarguedthatorganicagricultureisinefficient,

requiringmorelandtoyieldthesameamountoffood.It'struethatorganicfanning

producesloweryields,averaging10to20percentless（hanconventional.Advocates

contendthattheenvironmentaladvantagesoforganicagriculturefaroutweighthelower

yields,andthatincreasingresearcharidbreedingresourcesfororganicsystemswould

reducetheyieldgap.Sometimesexcludedfromtheseargumentsisthefactthatwe

alreadyproduceenoughfoodtomorethanfeedtheworld's7.4billionpeoplebutdonot

provideadequateaccesstoallindividuals.Insomecases,organicyieldscanbehigher

thanconventional.Forexample,inseveredroughtconditions,whichareexpectedto

increasewithclimatechangeinmanyareas,organicfarmscanproduceasgood,ifnot

better,yieldsbecauseofthehigherwater-holdingcapacityoforganicallyfarmedsoils.

Whatsciencedoestellusisthatmainstreamconventionalfarmingsystemshaveprovided

growingsuppliesoffoodandotherproductsbutoftenattheexpenseofother

sustainabilitygoals.Conventionalagriculturemayproducemorefood,butitoftencomes

alacosttotheenvironment.Biodiversityloss,environmentaldegradation,andsevere

impactsonecosystemserviceshavenotonlyaccompaniedconventionalfarmingsystems

buthaveoftenextendedwellbeyondtheirfieldboundaries.Withorganicagriculture,

environmentalcoststendtobelowerandthebenefitsgreater.Overall,organicfarmstend

tostoremoresoilcarbon,havebettersoilqualityandreducesoilerosioncomparedto

theirconventionalcounterparts.Organicagriculturealsocreateslesssoilandwater

pollutionandlowergreenhousegasemissions.Andit'smoreenergy-efficientbecauseit

doesn'trelyonsyntheticfertilizersorpesticides.Organicagricultureisalsoassociated

withgreaterbiodiversityofplants,animals,insectsandmicroorganismsaswellas

geneticdiversity.Biodiversityincreasestheservicesthatnatureprovidesandimproves

theabilityoffarmingsystemstoadapttochangingconditions.Despiteloweryields,

organicagricultureismoreprofitableforfarmersbecauseconsumersarewillingtopay

more.Higherprices,calledpricepremiums,canbejustifiedasawaytocompensate

farmersfbrprovidingecosystemservicesandavoidingenvironmentaldamageorexternal

costs.

21、Whatdowelearnfromtheconclusionoftheauthor'sreviewstudy?

A^Moreresourcesshouldbetappedforfeedingtheworld'spopulation.

B、Organicfarmingmaybeexploitedtosolvetheglobalfoodproblem.

C^Thelong-termprospectsoforganicfarmingareyettobeexplored.

D^Organicfarmingisatleastaspromisingasconventionalfarming.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節題。艱據題干關鍵詞conclusion和reviewstudy定位至首段最后

一句，但是該句無法解題。該定位句中含有代詞That,需看定位句上一句解題。

上一句指出OrganicagricultureisarelativelyuntappedresourcefbrfeedingtheEarth's

population（有機農業是養活地球人口的一種相對未被開發的資源），B項“有機農業

可以用來解決全球糧食問題”是對首句的同義替換。故本題選B。A項”應該開發更

多的資源來養活世界人口''與首段首句“有機農業是一種相對未被開發的資源”表述

不符，原文并未提及。C項“有機農業的長期前景還有待探索”與首段作者對有機農

業的前景持肯定態度的表述不符。D項”有機農業至少和傳統農業一樣有前途”與原

文表述不符，從全文來看，有機農業比傳統農業有前途。

22、Whatisthecritics,argumentagainstorganicfarming?

A、Itcannotmeettheneedforfood.

Itcannotincreasefarmyields.

C^Itisnotreallypractical.

D、Itisnotthatproductive.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節題。艱據題干關鍵詞thecritics'argument定位至第三段首句，該

句指出Criticshavelongarguedthatorganicagricultureisinefficient,requiringmore

landtoyieldthesameamountoffood（長期以來，批評人士一直認為有機農業效率低

下，需要更多的土地來生產同樣數量的糧食），其言外之意是有機農業沒那么高

產，D項“它沒有那么高產”是對首句的適度推斷。故本題選D。A項“它不能滿足

對糧食的需求”、B項“它不能增加農業產量”和C項“它不是切實可行的“原文均未

提及，屬于無中生有。

23、Whaldoestheauthorthinkshouldbetakenintoaccountinarguingaboutorganic

farming?

A、Growthinworldpopulation.

B、Deteriorationinsoilfertility.

C^Inequalityinfooddistribution.

D、Advanceinfarmingtechnology.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節題。艱據題干關鍵詞shouldbetakenintoaccount和arguing定位

至第三段最后一句，其中Sometimesexcludedfromtheseargumentsis（這些論點有時

忽略了……）與題干關鍵詞反向同義。該句指出“這些論點有時忽略了這樣一個事

實：我們生產的糧食已經足夠養活世界上74億人，但我們卻并沒有為所有人提供

足夠的食物“，由此可推斷出作者認為糧食產量足夠，只是沒有分配到所有人，C

項“糧食分配的不均”是對最后一句的適度推斷。故本題選C。A項“世界人口的增

長”、B項“土壤肥力的下降”和D項“農業技術的進步”均利用原文的個別信息進行

雜糅，屬于無中生有。

24、Whatdoessciencetellusaboutconventionalfanning?

Itwillnotbeabletomeetglobalfooddemand.

B、Ilisnotconducivetosustainabledevelopment.

C^Itwilleventuallygivewaytoorganicfarming.

D>Itisgoingmainstreamthroughouttheworld.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節題。艱據題干關鍵詞science和conventionalfarming定位至第五

段。該段指出mainstreamconventionalfarmingsystems...oftenattheexpenseofother

sustainabilitygoals（主流的傳統農業系統……往往是以犧牲其他可持續性目標為代

價的），即“傳統農業不利于可持續發展”，B項“它不利于可持續發展”是對第五段的

同義替換。故本題選B,A項“它將不能滿足全球糧食需求”與第三段最后一句“我

們生產的糧食已經足夠養活世界上74億人”表述相反，屬于正反混淆。C項“它最

終將被有機農業取代''為過度推斷，原文提到傳統農業不利于可持續發展，并未提

及傳統農業”最終將被有機農業取代D項“它正成為世界主流”將原文中既有的事

實“傳統農業已經是主流”曲解為科學預測的內容。

25、Whydoestheauthorthinkhigherpricesoforganicfarmproducearejustifiable?

A、Theygivefarmersgoingorganicabigcompetitiveedge.

B、Theymotivatefarmerstoupgradefarmingtechnology.

C>Organicfarmingcostsmorethanconventionalfarming.

D、Organicfarmingdoeslong-termgoodtotheecosystem.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節題。艱據題干關鍵詞higherprices和justifiable定位至最后一段

最后一句。該句指出Higherprices...canbejustifiedasawaytocompensatefanners

forprovidingecosystemservicesandavoidingenvironmentaldamageorexternal

costs（更高的價格……也是合情合理的，這可以作為對農民提供生態系統服務、避

免破壞環境或外部成本的一種補償），D項“有機農業對生態系統有長期的好處”是

對最后一句的概括總結。故本題選D。A項”它們給采用有機農業的農民很大的競

爭優勢”屬于無中生有，原文最后一句只提及有機農產品的高價是對農民的補償，

并未提及會給農民帶來競爭優勢。B項“它們激勵農民升級農業技術”和C項“有機

農業比傳統農業花費更高”均屬于無中生有。

Itiseasytomissamidtheday-to-dayheadlinesofglobaleconomicrecession,butthereis

alessconspicuouskindofsocialupheaval（居lj變）underwaythatisfastalteringboththe

faceoftheplanetandthewayhumanbeingslive.Thatchangeistherapidaccelerationof

urbanization.In2008,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,morethanhalftheworld's

populationwaslivingintownsandcities.Andasarecentlypublishedpapershows,the

processofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedecadestocome-withanenormous

impactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange.AsKarenSeto,theleadauthor

ofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn'tjustaboutthemigrationofpeople

intourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselvesbecomingbiggerto

accommodateallthosepeople.Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahuge

impactonbiodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas.Humans

aretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveintonewterritory,theyoftendisplace

thewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities一

especiallyinthedensetropicalforests-carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereas

well.It'struethataspeopleindevelopingnationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,

theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbegoodforthe

environment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperatelypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthe

countrysideslashandbumforestseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfarming.But

therealdifferenceisthatindevelopingnations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoften

leadstoanaccompanyingincreaseinincome—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreasein

theconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesariseincarbonemissions.

Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomtbitoflivingfullyonthegridis

certainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.Theurbanizationwave

can'tbestopped—anditshouldn'tbe.ButSeto'spaperdoesunderscoretheimportanceof

managingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization'simpact

ontheenvironment."There*sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureand

respunsibililytothinkabouthowweurbanize,"saysStlo."Onethingthat'sclearisdial

wecan'tbuildcitiesthewaywehaveoverthelastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleof

thistransitionwon'tallowthat."We'reheadedtowardsanurbanplanetnomatterwhat,

butwhetheritbecomesheavenorhellisuptous.

26、Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeople'sattentionto?

A、Theshrinkingbiodiversityworldwide.

B、Therapidincreaseofworldpopulation.

C^Theongoingglobaleconomicrecession.

D、Theimpactofacceleratingurbanization.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：主旨題。艱據題干關鍵詞drawpeople'sattention和“題文同序”原則定

位到前兩段。第一段末句指出theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthe

decadestocome—withanenormousimpactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimate

change（城市化進程只會在未來幾十年加速，對生物多樣性和氣候變化產生巨大影

響），第二段末句指出Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpacton

biodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas（城市的快速擴張將

對生物多樣性熱門地區和城市的碳排放產生巨大影響），這兩句話指的是同一個問

題，即作者試圖引起人們注意的問題，因此D項“城市化加速的影響”是對這兩句

的同義替換。故本題選D。A項“全球生物多樣性的萎縮”、B項“世界人口的迅速

增長”和C項“持續的全球經濟衰退”雖然在第一段都出現了，但都不是作者試圖引

起人們注意的問題。

27、Inwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasivespecies?

A、Theyaremuchgreedierthanotherspecies.

B、Ihcyarcauniquespeciesborntoconquer.

C、Theyforceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories.

D、Theyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingspace.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節題。艱據題干關鍵詞humans和theultimateinvasivespecies定位

至lj第三段。首句提至ljHumansaretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveinto

newterritory,theyoftendisplacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere（/、類是最終

的入侵物種，當他們進入新的領地時，通常會取代已經生活在那里的野生動物），

因此C項“他們迫使其他物種離開它們的領地“符合文意，forceotherspeciesoutof

theirterritories是對原文displacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere的同義替

換。故本題選C。A項“他們比其他物種貪婪得多”、B項“他們是生來就是為了征

服的獨特物種”和D項“他們有擴大生活空間的沖動”均屬于無中生有。

28、Inwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment?

A、Morelandwillbepreservedforwildlife.

B、Thepressureonfarmlandwillbelessened.

CNCarbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyreduced.

D、Naturalresourceswillbeusedmoreeffectively.

標準答案：R

知識點解析：細節題。艱據題干關鍵詞urbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodforthe

environment定位到第三段。第三句指出It'struethataspeopleindevelopingnations

movefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,which

couldinturnbegoodfortheenvironment（誠然，隨著發展中畝家的人們從農村遷移

到城市，這種轉變可能會減輕土地的壓力，這反過來又有利于環境），結合第四句

可知，貧窮國家的農村居民每到作物的種植季都會砍伐并燒毀森林，清理出土地用

來耕種，所以說，貧窮國家的城市化會減輕