過去完成時(shí)UNIT1

RELATIONSHIPS01美文運(yùn)用體悟

Lastnight,afterI①hadfinishedsupper,IwenttothecinemawithXiaoMing.Whenwegottothecinema,thefilm②hadn'tbegun,butmostoftheaudiencehadtakentheirseats.Afterthefilmbegan,theaudiencequieteddownimmediately.ItwasthefirsttimethatI③hadseenthedocumentary,soIwatcheditespeciallyattentively.ThiswasthebestfilmIhadeverseenandI④hadn'tthoughtitwouldbesoattractive.過去完成時(shí)

我的發(fā)現(xiàn)1．加黑處____和加黑處____表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或過去某一動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，句中常有after、before、when等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。2．加黑處____用于固定句型It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second/...timethat...，意為“這/那是第一/二/……次……。”3．加黑處____表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法。①②③④02語法知識(shí)精講過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。如何理解“過去的過去”呢？首先我們要確定一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間作為參照點(diǎn)，在這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)之前的時(shí)間就是過去的過去。過去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中had通用于各種人稱。主要構(gòu)成：肯定句為“主語＋had＋(been)done”；否定句為“had＋not＋(been)done”；一般疑問句為“Had＋主語＋(been)done？”；特殊疑問句為“特殊疑問詞＋had＋主語＋(been)done？”。(1)(教材P8)BeforeMrJenkinstaughtme,sciencehadsimplybeenasubjectfullofstrangewordstome.在詹金斯先生教我之前，科學(xué)課對(duì)我來說就是一門充滿奇怪的詞語的課程。(2)(教材P9)IknewIhadchosenajobwithalotofstressbutIlovewhatIdo.我知道我選擇了一份壓力很大的工作，但我熱愛我所做的事情。一、過去完成時(shí)的主要用法(3)(2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)ItfeltgreattoknowthatIhadhelpedbringthisfamilytogetheragain.很高興知道我?guī)椭@個(gè)家庭重新團(tuán)聚。(4)Shewishedshehadbeenadmittedintoakeyuniversity.她希望她已經(jīng)被一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取。(2)(3)句是從句的動(dòng)作_____主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)；(1)句是與________引導(dǎo)的從句連用時(shí)，主句要用過去完成時(shí)；(4)句是對(duì)_____的情況進(jìn)行假設(shè)時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。

先于before過去語法解析1．過去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。2．過去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，它不能離開過去的時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與already、yet、still、just、before、never等時(shí)間副詞及by、before、until等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。3．當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。一般用在told、said、knew、heard、thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中。過去完成時(shí)實(shí)戰(zhàn)用法4．表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法。過去完成時(shí)除表示“過去的過去”外，還可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法和打算，通常連用的動(dòng)詞有want、think、hope、plan、mean、expect、intend、suppose等。5．用于對(duì)過去進(jìn)行假設(shè)的虛擬語氣的從句中。用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/完成句子(1)Bytheendofthe1600s,“autumn”___________________(introduce)intotheEnglishlanguage.(2)Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,he_______(have)itforaverylongtime.(3)He_________(hope)tospendtheimportantdaywithuslastSunday,buthewastoobusythen.hadbeenintroducedhadhadhadhoped對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1(4)Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebody__________(break)intotheofficeduringthenight.(5)LiMingwenttoLondonlastyear,whichwasthefirsttimethathe_____________(travel)abroad.(6)Lastmonth,theJapanesegovernmentexpressedtheirthanksfortheaidthey____________(receive)fromChina.(7)Hiscarelessnesscosthimnearlyallthemoneyhe_________(save).hadbrokenhadtravelledhadreceivedhadsaved(8)我一到學(xué)校門口，就意識(shí)到把書落在咖啡館了。JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealisedI_________________________．(9)已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)的雙胞胎被允許到外面打羽毛球。Thetwins,who___________________________,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonoutside.(10)他的表情說明他已經(jīng)接受了邀請(qǐng)，他建議應(yīng)該充分做準(zhǔn)備。Hisexpressionsuggestedthathe___________________________andhesuggestedfullpreparationsbemade.hadleftmybookinthecaféhadfinishedtheirhomeworkhadacceptedtheinvitation(1)Ihadnosoonercheckedintothehotelthanhearrived.我剛?cè)胱【频辏偷搅恕?2)Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhewasinterruptedbytheaudience.他剛開始說話就被聽眾打斷了。(3)Itwasthethirdtimethathehadenteredthehouse.這是他第三次進(jìn)這個(gè)房子。二、過去完成時(shí)用于特殊句式(1)(2)句是_____中用過去完成時(shí)；(3)句是_____中用過去完成時(shí)。

主句從句語法解析1．在“hardly/scarcely/barely...when...”、“before...”、“nosooner...than...”等句式中，主句通常用過去完成時(shí)，而從句則通常用一般過去時(shí)。這類句式均表示“一……就……”。2．在“This/That/Itwasthefirst(second...last、next)time/theonly＋n./the＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋n.＋that...”句型中，從句一般用過去完成時(shí)。過去完成時(shí)實(shí)戰(zhàn)用法用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/完成句子(1)Itwasthethirdtimethathe________(tell)metopayattentiontomyhandwriting.(2)HardlyhadIopenedthedoorwhenhe_____(cry)outmyname.(3)Nosooner___hebeguntospeakthanIsensedthatsomethingwaswrong.hadtoldcriedhad

對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)2(4)我一聽到敲門聲就打開了門。Hardly_____________________whenIopenedthedoor.(5)這是我在學(xué)校看過的最有趣的電影。ItwasthemostinterestingfilmthatI_________________________．hadIheardtheknockhadwatchedintheschool(1)Ihavelearned1，000Englishwordssofar.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)學(xué)了1000個(gè)英語單詞了。(2)Ihadlearned1，000Englishwordstillthen.直到那時(shí)，我已經(jīng)學(xué)了1000個(gè)英語單詞了。三、過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別(3)—I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.——很抱歉讓你久等了。—Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.——噢，一點(diǎn)也不。我到這里才幾分鐘。(4)—Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.——約翰昨天回家了。—Wherehadhebeen?——他曾去哪了？(1)(3)句為__________；(2)(4)句為__________。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)語法解析過去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才能用到它；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。過去完成時(shí)實(shí)戰(zhàn)用法用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Uptonow,he___________(star)in5famousfilms.(2)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement________________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(3)MrSmith_________(live)inChinafortenyearssofar.(4)BythetimeMrWangreturnedhomefromBeijing,hisson'swedding_________(end).hasstarredhasbeenreachedhaslivedhadended對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)3(1)Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.到昨天十點(diǎn)為止，他們已經(jīng)到達(dá)了車站。(2)Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.他們?cè)谧蛱焓c(diǎn)到達(dá)車站。四、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別(3)Shewasveryhappyandherwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too,becauseshehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncontest.她非常高興，而且她的全家對(duì)她也非常滿意，因?yàn)樗齽倓傇谧魑谋荣愔械昧说谝幻?4)Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.他走進(jìn)房間，打開燈，看了一份晚報(bào)。(2)(4)句為__________；(1)(3)句為__________。

一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)雖然過去完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1．時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。2．在沒有明確的過去的時(shí)間狀語作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。3．當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用and或but連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)；另外，在before、after、assoonas引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)。用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)John___________(plan)tomakeacompromise,butsomehowhechangedhismindatthelastminute.(2)Itwasthefirsttimethataseriousproblem__________(arise)intheirproject,sotheyhadtoconsultProfessorYang.(3)I_____(ask)younottomovemydictionarythismorning—nowIcan'tfindit.hadplannedhadarisenasked對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)4(4)Ireturnedthebookyesterdayafternoon,whichI________(keep)forhalfamonth.(5)Martin_________(hope)tobeabletocometoseeyou,buthewasillyesterday.(6)Hewashappybecausehe________(receive)thecollegeadmissionletter.hadkepthadhopedreceived(7)Inordertopreventthefirespreading,someofthehousesnearby_______________(pull)downbeforethefiremenarrived.(8)WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMary________(be)awayforalmostanhour.hadbeenpulledhadbeen03基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)Ⅰ.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．JustasIgothome,IrealisedI________(leave)mybagatschool.2．Sara__________(stay)inWuhanfornearlyfortydaysbeforeshewasallowedtoleave.3．Researcherswerepuzzledovertheresults,whichwerecompletelyoppositetowhatthey____________(expect).hadlefthadstayedhadexpected4．—Howlong___they_______(know)eachotherbeforethey___(get)married?—Foraboutayear.5．Itwasthefirsttimethathe__________(cook)mealforhisparents.6．Nosooner___she_____(begin)tosingasongthantherewasaninstantsensation.7．Emmawasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachinewhichshe____________(repair)wentwrongagain.hadknowngothadcookedhadbegunhadrepaired8．SheaskedmewhetherI____________(return)thebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.9．BythetimeIgottoschool,thefirstplay________(be)onfornearlyhalfanhour.10．—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.We____________(treat)wellbyourhosts.11．Jonesgottheideaafterhehadtalkedwithanelderlyladywho________________(cheat)ofhermoney.12．I_____________(finish)allmyhomeworksofar.