動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)目錄一.了解時(shí)態(tài)二.考情分析三.知識構(gòu)建四.各時(shí)態(tài)具體用法講練五.易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析六.綜合訓(xùn)練一.了解時(shí)態(tài)二.考情分析時(shí)態(tài)的概念：

英語中不同時(shí)間和方式發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用謂語動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示，這種表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)間和方式的動(dòng)詞形式稱作動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。

在英語中，根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和動(dòng)作的種類，動(dòng)詞又分為十六種時(shí)態(tài)。高中一般掌握下列時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）。分析近年高考真題可知，高考對謂語動(dòng)詞的考查是結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致綜合進(jìn)行的考查，注重在復(fù)雜語境中考查句子的時(shí)態(tài)，且長句有增加的趨勢。復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)：系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)并掌握時(shí)態(tài)的基本知識熟練運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)尤其是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去式和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。掌握幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別。強(qiáng)化在復(fù)雜語境中辨別時(shí)態(tài)的能力。高頻考點(diǎn):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；中頻考點(diǎn)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。解題策略“標(biāo)志性狀語”

在題干中，yesterday,tomorrow,always,since,inthepastfewyears,overtheyears,by＋時(shí)間，sofar等都是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常用的標(biāo)志性狀語，做題時(shí)可以通過尋找這些標(biāo)志性狀語來判定時(shí)態(tài)。“并列謂語”

當(dāng)句中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們之間可能是同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可能有一定的先后關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)這種謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系來判定時(shí)態(tài)。同一個(gè)主語的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語，謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。“語境暗示”有些題目在時(shí)間狀語和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過“語境暗示”，正確分析語境也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的一條行之有效的方法。“時(shí)態(tài)定義”準(zhǔn)確理解常考時(shí)態(tài)的定義是做題的根本。“固定句式”掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的快速且行之有效的方法。三.知識構(gòu)建一、時(shí)態(tài)的分類和構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)did過去完成時(shí)haddone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)hadbeendoing將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)will/shalldo將來完成時(shí)willhavedone將來進(jìn)行時(shí)willbedoing將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)willhavebeendoing過去將來一般過去將來時(shí)should/woulddo

二、各時(shí)態(tài)基本用法匯總時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)常見時(shí)間狀語一般現(xiàn)在do(does)often,usually,always,sometimes,never,onSundays,everyweek,now表現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時(shí)一般過去didlastweek,3daysago,inthepast(在過去),thismorning,yesterday,theotherday(前幾天),justnow,then,atthattime(那時(shí)),today,after+時(shí)間，for+時(shí)間表過去一般將來will+dotomorrow,nextweek,inthefuture,fromnowon,in3days(在3天后)，thisyear,inthecomingdays,forever過去將來would+do常用在表示過去的賓從后，表示在過去設(shè)想將來發(fā)生的事情二、各時(shí)態(tài)基本用法匯總時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)常見時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行am/is/are+doingnow,rightnow,atthemoment,atpresent(目前，現(xiàn)在)，thesedays(偶爾用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))；look,listen...過去進(jìn)行was/were+doingthen,at7：00amyesterday,from7to9yesterday,when+一般過去時(shí)從句/while+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)從句,atthis/thattimeyesterday…將來進(jìn)行will+bedoingat7：00amtomorrow,from7to9tomorrow,atthistimetomorrow…二、各時(shí)態(tài)基本用法匯總時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)常見時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成havedone①recently,thesedays,during/over/inthepast/lastfewdays,already,sofar,bynow,untilnow,uptonow,fromthenon,thefirsttime,throughouttheyears,yet+非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（表已完成）；②for+時(shí)間段；since+過去的時(shí)間狀從，主句用have+持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（表從過去某個(gè)時(shí)候持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）過去完成haddone表示“過去的過去”的動(dòng)作：before+過去時(shí)，by+過去時(shí)，when+過去的狀從…將來完成will+havedone表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成:bythen(到那時(shí))…,by+將來的時(shí)間現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行havebeendoing與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)類似，但表達(dá)更為強(qiáng)烈的情感，強(qiáng)調(diào)在動(dòng)作完成的過程中該動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，沒有間斷四.各時(shí)態(tài)具體用法講練一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)01一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)具體用法1.表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，常與usually，always，often，sometimes，never，everyday等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。OnMondaymorningitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetowork.

2.表示客觀真理、格言或者警句等。Asweallknow,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.3.表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,live,fly等，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Mydreamschoolstartsat8：30amandendsat3：30pm.4.在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we'llhaveameeting.5.以here/there開頭引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)Theregoesthebell.6.用于文章標(biāo)題、圖片說明、電影說明、戲劇內(nèi)容及場景解說等。Thefilmexploresthedailylivesofordinarypeopleinasmalltown.1.謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：do/does2.如果主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es,其變化規(guī)則如下:情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況加-seat→eats;rise→rises以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z結(jié)尾的加-esdiscuss→discusses;teach→teaches以“輔音字母加-y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變-y為-iescarry→carries;fly→flies易錯(cuò)提醒：元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)，直接在詞尾加-s。如enjoy-enjoys，play-plays練習(xí)1.InternationalChineseLanguageDay

(fall)onApril20,andthisyearaseriesofcelebrations,themedTogetherfortheFuture,wereheldbythreedifferentorganizationsathomeandabroadsuccessfully.1.Thepark________(stretch)acrosstheprovincesofJilinandHeilongjiang.2.It___________(include)acupuncture(針灸),Chineseherbalmedicine,taichi,qigong,tuina,guasha,cuppingandsoon.3.Workingwithabillion-dollarbudget,hecombinedthemtocreateaworkofarchitecturethatcanexcitevisitorsasmuchastheartcollectioninside_______(do).

stretchesincludesdoesfalls一般過去時(shí)021.表示在過去發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用yesterday，lastyear，in1995，theotherday等作時(shí)間狀語。①TheotherdayIcameacrossanoldfriendonthetopofMountTai.②Hecametoworkheretwoweeksago.2.表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。①WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.②WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.3.用于固定句型中：Itistimeyoudidsth.；would/hadrathersb.didsth.①Itistimeyouwenttobed.②I’dratheryoucametomorrow.注意：有些句子，雖然沒有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，但實(shí)際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時(shí)。

一般過去時(shí)具體用法謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：did情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況加-edplay→played;discuss→discussed以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為-iedcarry→carried;try→tried以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重度閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞雙寫輔音字母加-edplan→planned;refer→referred以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加-dprovide→provided;like→liked練習(xí)1.Volunteertraveldatesbacktothe1960s,whenAlecDicksonandhiswifeMorafromtheUK__________(found)VoluntaryServiceOverseas(VSO),aninternationalvolunteerorganization.2.Helovedgoingtohisgrandmother’shomeinthecountryside,wherethefields_________(be)burstingwithvegetablesandreeds(蘆葦).3.GuessinglanternriddlesisanactivitythatdatesbackatleastasfarastheSouthernSongDynasty,

scholarswroteriddlesonsmallslipsofpaperand______

(hang)themfromlanternsforfestivalattendeestoguess.foundedwerehungwhen一般將來時(shí)031.一般將來時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即單純的將來事實(shí)。shall用于第一人稱，常被will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。①WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?②HewillgraduatefromBeijingUniversitynextyear.2.begoingtodosth.表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?3.betodosth.表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要做某事，或者按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。Wearetoobeytheseruleswhenwegointothelibrary.4.beabouttodosth.表示即將要發(fā)生某事。Thetrainisabouttoleave.注意：beabouttodo不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般將來時(shí)具體用法一般將來時(shí)的特殊表達(dá)①.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來：動(dòng)詞come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Thetrainstarsintenminutes.②在時(shí)間或條件句中，“主將從現(xiàn)”。WhenBillcomes,askhimtowaitforme.③現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來：少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等I’mleavingtomorrow.I’mcoming.

謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：1.will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形2.begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形3.beto＋動(dòng)詞原形4.beabouttodosth.練習(xí)1.Onlywhenwelearntoliveinharmonywithnature_________westopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.2.“Efforts_____________(make)topromotehigh-levelprotectionandfacilitatethepromulgation(頒布)oftheNationalParkLaw,”Guansaid,addingthatChinawillalsoincreasetheapplicationofnewtechnologies,buildaworld-classscientificresearchmonitoringplatform,andstrengthennationalparkmanagementcapabilities.3.Iguessmostparents____________(support)thenewplanatthemeetingtomorrow.

4.Theplantheypaidmuchattentionto_______________(discuss)attomorrow’smeeting.can/willwillbemadewillsupportwillbediscussed過去將來時(shí)041.從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事情，多用于主從復(fù)合句（賓語從句）中。①Hesaidhewouldbehereateighto'clock.②Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.2.過去本打算做而未做的事情。Iwasgoingtogototheparty,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomeworktodo.3.was/wereabouttodo一般不接時(shí)間狀語，但可以用于固定句式was/wereabouttodo+when...表示“正要做某事，突然......”。Iwasabouttoleavewhenafrienddroppedin.過去將來時(shí)具體用法謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：would/should+動(dòng)詞原形was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形was/wereaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形was/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形綜合練習(xí)1051.Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse_______(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainforthefirsttime.2.“SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout______(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.3.Myheartwentouttohim,andI________(jog)overtohim.AsIhandedhimtheglasses,helookedatmeandsaid,“Thanks!”4.Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsandwealthybusinessmenoften___________(feature)beautifullycarvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子).5.

DeepinarainforestinHainanprovince,ZhangChenliangpicksupadaddylonglegs(長腿蜘蛛)and__________(present)ittothecamera,explainingitsfeaturesandlivinghabitsforthebenefitofviewersonashortvideoplatform.綜合練習(xí)walkswerejoggedfeaturedpresents6.Helovedgoingtohisgrandmother’shomeinthecountryside,wherethefields_________(be)burstingwithvegetablesandreeds(蘆葦).7.

Thechoiceof“TurretofPalaceMuseum”(故宮角樓)asthethemefortheminibuildingblockproject__________(base)onseveralfactors.8.

Atfirst,Minguez____________(perform)housecalls,butdemandincreasedtothepointwherehedecidedtoopenapracticeinhislivingroom.Butthis,too,soonprovedinsufficienttocareforallthepeoplecominginandsohewentontosetupaclinic.werewasbasedperformed10.DinglingTomb,thejointtombofZhuYijunandhistwoempresses,_____(be)thefirstimperialtombinChinatobeexcavated(發(fā)掘)accordingtothearchaeologicalplan.ThearchitectureoftheundergroundpalaceofDinglingTombisdeepandunique.11.

Itiscalledthe“ThirteenMingTombs”and___________(list)asaWorldHeritageSitein2003.12.

Besidestheirobviousmonetaryvalue,theyallcarrytheirownculturalvalueaswell.Forexample,onthebackofthe5-yuanbanknote_______(be)TaishanMountaininShandong.13.Breakingdeeplyimbeddedhabitualtendenciessuchasprocrastination,impatience,criticalness,orselfishnessthatviolatebasicprinciplesofhumaneffectiveness________(involve)morethanalittlewillpowerandafewminorchangesinourlives.iswaslistedisinvolves現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)061.表示此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與時(shí)間狀語now，atthemoment，atpresent等連用。HeiswatchingafootballmatchonTVathomenow.2.一些特定的表示動(dòng)作趨向性的短暫性動(dòng)詞come,go,leave,get,start,open,arrive,begin,return等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。IamleavingforShanghaitoattendanimportantinternationalmeeting.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與頻率副詞always，constantly連用表達(dá)某種感情色彩，如不滿、厭惡、贊賞等。Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthing.

Sheisalwayscomplaining.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)具體用法注意：有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，常見的有：1.感覺類：look,feel,smell,sound,taste,hear2.情感類：like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore等。3.心態(tài)類：hope,wish,want,need,expect,believe,think,understand,agree,know,remember等。

Ilovemydadandmom.

ThesebooksbelongtoJim.

1.謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：am/is/are+doing2.動(dòng)詞變現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況加-ingtry→trying;cry→crying以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去掉e，加-inghate→hating；date→dating以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞雙寫輔音字母加-ingregret→regretting；ban→banning過去進(jìn)行時(shí)07謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：was/were＋doing1.過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。Hewasplayingbasketballwithhisfriendsontheplaygroundat3：00pmyesterday.2.表示過去一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。ShewaswatchingTVwhenaburglarbrokeintoherhouse.3.表示過去按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，此用法常見動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。Iwascomingtovisityoulaterthatday，butIhadtophoneandcancel.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)具體用法將來進(jìn)行時(shí)08謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：willbedoing具體用法：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或按預(yù)測將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。ThistimenextweekI'llbelyingonthebeach，enjoyingthesunshine.下星期這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正躺在海灘上，享受著陽光。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)具體用法綜合練習(xí)209綜合練習(xí)1.Mywashingmachine__________________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.2.Iftheweatherremainsclearthisweekend,we______________(camp)inthevalleywhilethemeteorshowerreachesitspeak.3.——HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?一No,I__________(do)myhomeworkalldayyesterday.4.Look!Thechildren___________(circle)arobot,talkingaboutsciencedevelopment.5.TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatmillionsofpeople____________(suffer)fromindoorairpollutionatthepresenttime,whichresultsfromtheuseofdangerousfuelsandcook-stovesathome.6.Itwasthetwinsratherthantheirfatherthat______________(take)thebreakfastupstairswhenmothercamehome.

isbeingrepairedwillbecampingwasdoingarecirclingaresufferingweretaking現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)10謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：have/hasdone1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常用的時(shí)間狀語：already，sofar，never，just，before，recently，foralongtime，inthepast/lastfewyears等。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“for＋時(shí)間段”等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。

Hemovedherein2019andhehaslivedhereeversince.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)具體用法

用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型：1.在“It/Thisis/willbethefirst/second/third...time＋that從句”中，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Thisisthefirsttimethatwehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.2.在“It/Thisisthebest/worst/most＋adj.＋名詞＋從句”中，從句中的謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIhaveattendedsinceIcametothisschool.3.Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since...表示“自從……以來已經(jīng)……”。Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.

注意：1.避免思維定式：一看到for＋時(shí)間段，就用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。一定要看語境強(qiáng)調(diào)是“該動(dòng)作曾經(jīng)做過多長時(shí)間”(一般過去時(shí))，還是“該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)做完多長時(shí)間”(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。2.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞leave，arrive，come，go，return，join，die，buy，borrow等的完成時(shí)，在肯定句中不能與for引出的時(shí)間段，since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)或howlong等狀語連用，要轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能與一段時(shí)間連用。[誤]Ihaveboughtthecarforayear.[正]Ihavekeptthecarforayear.

YangZhenninglivedinAmericaformanyyearsandnowhelivesinChina.DashanhaslivedinChinaformanyyears.

練習(xí)1.Overthepastseveralmonths,thecompany_______________(conduct)adeeperstudy.2.Overtheyears,thearchitect____________(help)renovatearound20householdsinMutianyu,mostofwhichnowoperateashotelsorrestaurants,whiledoinghisbesttopreservetheoriginalstructuresasmuchaspossible.3.Sofar,ShoushanStone,officiallynamed“ChinaNationalStone”,__________(become)asymbolofelegance,dignityandwisdom,whichisworthyofcollection.4.Allinall,itisadaydedicatedtopoetry:anartformthat__________(exist)forcenturiesandcontinuestoenrichourunderstandingofthehumanconditiontothisday.hasconductedhashelpedhasbecomehasexisted過去完成時(shí)11謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：had＋done1.表示到過去某一時(shí)間之前動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成即“過去的過去”，常見的時(shí)間狀語有by...，bytheendof,until...，when...，before...等。BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadalreadygraduatedfromcollege.易錯(cuò)提醒：在復(fù)雜語境中，過去完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用可能沒有出現(xiàn)較為明顯的時(shí)間狀語，需要仔細(xì)觀察上下文進(jìn)行合理推斷。Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.2.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……(事實(shí)上未能……)”。

Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.3.表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作先于另一過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，這種情況多見于賓語從句。Herememberedthathehadleftthekeyathome.

過去完成時(shí)具體用法

過去完成時(shí)的特殊句式1.在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。意思為“一……就……”。

HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.

Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.2.Itwas＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句。since從句用過去完成時(shí)。

ItwasatleastthreemonthssinceIhadleftBeijing.3.

Itwasthefirst/second/...time＋(that)從句。從句用過去完成時(shí)。

ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadchattedonlineinEnglish.4.Bythetime...起連詞的功能，引導(dǎo)從句，(表示過去時(shí)間的句子)＋主句(過去完成時(shí))。

Bythetimehewasten,Tomhadbuiltachemistrylabhimself.

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)12謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：havebeen＋doing1.常用來表示開始于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecanhelp.2.表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning，butthere'snoanswer.IfeelalittletiredbecauseIhavebeenplayingbasketball.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)具體用法過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)13謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：havebeen＋doing1.常用來表示開始于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecanhelp.2.表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning，butthere'snoanswer.IfeelalittletiredbecauseIhavebeenplayingbasketball.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)具體用法綜合練習(xí)314綜合練習(xí)1.Byanalyzingthedatacollectedoverthepastdecade,scientists______________(confirm)thatglobaltemperatureshaverisenatanunprecedentedrate.2.Bythetimerescueteamsarrivedattheearthquakesite,themajorityofsurvivors________________(trap)undercollapsedbuildingsforover48hours.3.Sincethenewenvironmentalpolicy________________(implement)lastmonth,airqualityinurbanareashasimprovedsignificantly.4.Residentsinthecoastalvillagereportthatseawatergradually________________(erode)theirfarmlandoverthepastfiveyears,forcingmanytorelocate.5.TheCEOadmittedthatthecompany________________(overlook)potentialrisksbeforelaunchingthecontroversialproduct.haveconfirmedwasimplementedhasbeenerodinghadbeentrappedhadoverlooked7.Whenhistoriansexaminedtheancientmanuscript,theyrealizeditcontainedcluestoalostlanguagethatscholars___________(fail)todecodeforcenturies.8.Theresearchteam________________(study)themigrationpatternsofhumpbackwhalesinthePacificOceansince2020,andtheirfindingswillbepublishednextmonth.9.Despitemultipleinterruptions,theprogrammer_______________(work)ondebuggingthiscomplexalgorithmfortheentiremorning.10.Thefamousnovelist,who____________(receive)threeliteraryawardsthisyear,announcedherretirementfromwritingyesterday.11.Mary________________(work)reallyhardonhisbookrecentlyandthinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.12.WhenAlicecametoherself,shedidnotknowhowlongshe____________(lie)there.hadfailedhasbeenstudyinghasbeenworkinghasreceivedhasbeenworkinghadbeenlying五.易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重說明過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的事實(shí)，往往已經(jīng)完成。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)，一般還沒有完成。例1.Theybuiltaskyscraper.他們建了一座摩天大樓。（已經(jīng)完成）例2.Theywerebuildingaskyscraper.他們正在建一座摩天大樓。（沒有完成）例3.Hetookexerciseafterhegotup.起床后他去鍛煉身體了。例4.HewastakingexercisewhenhemetMrSmith.他在鍛煉身體時(shí)碰到了史密斯先生。01.一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重說明在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，常與確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，不與確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用。例1.Hecleanedtheroomanhourago,butit’sdirtynow.他一小時(shí)前打掃過房間，可是現(xiàn)在房間又臟了。例2.Hehascleanedtheroom.他已經(jīng)打掃房間了。02.一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)是相對現(xiàn)在而言的，過去完成時(shí)是相對于過去某一時(shí)刻而言的，兩種時(shí)態(tài)建立的時(shí)間參照不同。過去完成時(shí)必須又一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間來襯托，必須是“過去的過去”才可以用過去完成時(shí)。例1.LastweektheylearnedLesson6.上周他們學(xué)了第六課。例2.Bytheendoflastweektheyhadlearned3units.到上周末為止，他們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了3個(gè)單元。03.一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)04.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)二者所表示的動(dòng)作均始于過去。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響。過去完成時(shí)以過去的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”。若動(dòng)作截至到現(xiàn)在，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；若截至到過去某時(shí)，則用過去完成時(shí)。例1.UptonowhehasbeentotheGreatWallthreetimes.迄今為止，他去過長城3次了。例2.HesaidhehadbeentotheGreatWallthreetimes.他說他已經(jīng)去過長城3次了。05.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)示例一表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)一般不表示重復(fù)性Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近常和他見面嗎？Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近見到過他嗎？二含有感情色彩一般是平鋪直敘Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我一直等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（表示不滿）Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（說明事實(shí)）三強(qiáng)調(diào)事情的過程強(qiáng)調(diào)事情結(jié)果Wehavebeencleaningtheclassroom.（強(qiáng)調(diào)過程）Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作未完成；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作過程的持續(xù)性，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)的長久性。例1.Ihavewateredtheflowersthismorning.（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）例2.Ihavebeenwateringthefloweringthismorning.（動(dòng)作一直在持續(xù)）易錯(cuò)提醒：狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞、情感動(dòng)詞和知覺動(dòng)詞，如see,feel,know,love等，不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(錯(cuò)誤)Ihavebeenknowingherforalongtime.(正確）Ihaveknownherforalongtime.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)同某些頻度副詞或數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，表示反復(fù)的但可能有間斷的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示反復(fù)的、不間斷的動(dòng)作，不能同具體數(shù)詞或表示具體詞數(shù)的詞連用。(錯(cuò)誤)Ihavebeenreadingthisbookthreetimes.(正確)Ihavereadthisbookthreetimes.六.綜合練習(xí)1.Butlocalssaythedemandfortheirpaintings_______________(decline)inthepasttwopandemic-struckyears.2.Thelessenergyyouuse,thelesscarbondioxide____________(release).3.Onthebackofthe5-yuanbanknote______(be)TaishanMountaininShandong.4.WhenIcalledhimyesterday,he____________(have)dinnerwithhisfamily.5.Bythetimewearr