初中英語基本語法知識點及練習.doc初中英語基本語法知識點及練習題一(一般現在時用法:1.經常性動作等。常與everyday,often,always,onceaweek,seldom,usually等連用。Shealwaysgoestoschoolbybus.2.真理和事實。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.3.在由when,if,before,assoonas,unless等引導的時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時代替一般將來時。Iwillbeasoldier.(主將從現)WhenIgrowup，4.動作正在發生，用在由here,there等開首的句子中，表示現在正在發生。Theregoesthebell.5.表示主語的習慣特征，性格，能力等。Hestudiesveryhard.6.一般的說明文字等。Thebooksaysthatwomencanlivelongerthanmen二、一般過去時態用法:1.表示過去的某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態，常和明確的時間狀語連用。(或有上下文語境暗示)Shewentoutjustnow.Isawhimyesterday.2.表示過去經常發生的動作。Lastmonthsheworkedelevenhourseveryday.Heusedtogetupearly.3.表示兩個緊接著發生的動作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時。如:but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.注意:有一些容易變化錯誤的單詞，如:prefer?preferred,fix?fixed,mix?mixed練習:(1)---IknockedintoatreewhenIwenttotherailwaystationformyfriend.---Isupposeyou,toofast.A.driveB.aredrivingC.droveD.weredriving(2)Inthe49thWorldTableTennisChampionship,WangLiqin,MaLinand,thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.A.beat,beatB.won,wonC.beat,wonD.won,beat(3)---When,yourbrother,back?---Abouthalfanhourago.A.did,comeB.had,comeC.do,comeD.have,come(4)—Excuseme.Youshouldn’tsmokehere.Lookatthesign“NOSMOKINGHERE.”---Sorry,I,it.A.doesn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.didn’tseeD.hadn’tseen三、一般將來時?表示未來的動作或狀態常用will/shall+動詞(常與表示將來的時間狀語邊用如tomorrow、nextweek等)。Hewillvisitshanghainextweek.?表示一種趨向或習慣動作。We’lldiewithoutairorwater.?表示趨向行為的動詞如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進行時的形式表示將來時。MyuncleiscomingformAmerica.?begoingto與will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo用法及區別:begoingto表示現在打算在最近或將來要做某事，這種打算往往經過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準備;shall/willdo表示未事先考慮過，即說話時臨時作出的決定。*begoingto表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中;而will則能，表意愿。如:Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.(正確)Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.(錯誤)*betodosth.表按計劃、安排即將發生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o’clockthisafternoon.*beabouttodosth.表示―即可，就要‖，后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從句。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.注意:在下面幾種情況下只可用will(shall)表示將來，而不可用begoingto結構。表示有禮貌地詢問對方是否愿意或表示客氣的邀請或命令時。eg:Willyoupleaselendmeyourbike?(2)表示意愿時eg:Wewillhelphimifheasksus.(3)表示單純的將來，與人的主觀愿望和判斷無關時。eg:Thesunwillriseat6:30tomorrowmorning四過去將來時1.構成:(1)was/weregoingto，be/do(2)will，be/do2.用法:(1)表示從過去某一時間看將來發生的動作或存在的狀態。常用在賓語從句中，由“would，動詞原形”引導。eg:1)Hesaidhewouldbuysomefruitforhissister.2)Heaskedwhenthemeetingwouldend.(2)表示曾經打算或準備要做的事，用was/were，動詞原形”引導。“eg:1)Ithoughtitwasgoingtorainsoon.2)TheyweregoingtostartanewjobwhenIsawthemthen.(3)go,come,leave,arrive,start等動詞，其過去進行時表示過去按計劃即將發生的動作。練習:(1)--TheTVshowHomeWithKidsissowonderful.Youshouldn’tmissit.--IfIhavetime,I,it.A.seeB.sawC.willseeD.haveseen(2)Iwanttoknowifthere,anEnglishspeechcontestnextmonth.Ifourschool,it,Imustgetreadyforit.五、現在進行時用法:(1)表示此時此刻正在進行的動作。eg:--Whatareyoudoing?--I’mreadingEnglish.(2)表示現階段正在進行的動作或持續的狀態。eg:1)Theyarestudyinghardthisterm.2)Weartepickingapplesonafarmthesedays.(3)go,leave,arrive,start,visit，move等動詞用現在進行時表示將來.eg:1)I’mgoingtoBeijingthisSunday.2)Thebusiscomingsoon.(4)當時間狀語為now,thesedays等時或當句子中含有look,listen,canyousee,can’tyousee之類的暗示詞時,要使用現在進行時。但應注意下列這些動詞一般不用于現在進行時態的句子中。a.表示感覺的動詞。如:see,hear等b.表示喜歡或厭惡的動詞。如:like,love等c.表示希望的動詞。如:want,wouldlike等d.表示狀態的動詞。如:be等e.表示歸屬的動詞。如:have等f.表示思維、知識或理解能力的動詞。如:know,think,forget等練習:(1)Don’tturnontheTV.Grandma,now.A.issleepingB.willsleepC.sleptD.sleeps(2)Listen.They,withMrWangintheroom.A.chattingB.arechattingC.werechattingD.willchat(3)--Jim,pleasehelpmetakeoutofthetrash.--OK,mom.I,.A.willcomeB.amcomingC.shallcomeC.wouldcome(4)Hewithus,toHawaiiforsummervacation.A.aregoingtoB.isgoingtogoC.isgoingtoD.aregoingtogo六、過去進行時1.構成:was/were，v-ing2.用法:(1)表示過去某一時刻某一段時間內正在進行的動作。常和表示過去的時間狀語then,atthattime,thistimeyesterday,attenyesterday等連用,或用另一類動作表示過去的時間。eg:1)—Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?--IwaswatchingTVatthattime.2)HewasreadingwhenIcamein.3)IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyparentswerewatchingTV.(2)過去進行時常和always等時間副詞連用，表示過去頻繁發生的習慣性動作，此時的過去進行時帶有一定的感情色彩。eg:Alicewasalwayschanginghermind.(3)注意在含有when或while引導的時間狀語從句的主從復合句中過去進行時的運用:1)主句中的動作先于從句中的動作發生，且進行的時間較長時，主句用過去進行時(從句用一般過去時)。eg:WhentheUFOarrived,IwaswatchingTV.2)從句中的動作先于主句中的動作發生，且進行的時間較長時，從句用過去進行時(主句用一般過去時)。eg:WhileIwaswalkinginthestreet,theaccidenthappened.3)若主、從句動作同時發生或無所謂先后時，主從句可同時使用過去進行時，此時的時間狀語從句一般由while引導。eg:Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyparentsweredoingthechores.注意:在上述情況下，若動詞為表示狀態的延續性動詞，一般都應用一般過去時，而不用過去進行時。eg:Luckily,whenIwenttoseehim,hewasathome.3.練習:(1)Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe______untilyesterday.A.willcomeB.iscomingC.wascomingD.comes(2)IsawLisainthestreetyesterday,butshedidn’tseeme.She,theotherday.A.wasshoppingB.amshoppingC.haveshopped*現在進行時和過去進行時比較1.Idon’treallyworkhere.I____untilthenewsecretary_______.A.justhelpout;comesB.havejusthelpedout;willcomeC.amjusthelpingout;comesD.willjusthelpout;hascome2.---Whenshallweleave?---AssoonasI______whatI_______.A.willfinish;doB.havefinished,amdoingC.finish,willdoD.finish,do3.Atthattimehe_____inthelibrary.A.workedB.hadworkedC.wasworkingD.wouldwork4.Thestudents____busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe____intheoffice.A.wereworking;hadleftB.worked;leftC.hadworked;leftD.wereworking;wouldleave5.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!---Oh,I’mterriblysorry._______.A.I’mnotnoticing.B.Iwasn’tnoticing.C.Ihaven’tnoticed.D.Idon’tnotice.E.Ididn’tnotice.F.Iwon’tnotice*一般過去時和過去進行時比較1.He______abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowifhe______it.A.wrote;hasfinishedB.waswriting;hasfinishedC.waswriting;hadfinishedD.wrote;willfinish2.Tom________intothehousewhennoone___________.A.slipped;wasnoticingB.hadslipped;noticedC.slipped;hadnoticedD.wasslipping;noticed3.Asshe________thenewspaper,Granny_________asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell4.ThelasttimeI_________Janeshe__________cottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickedC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking用所給詞的適當形式填空:1.Who_________(give)theconcerttomorrow?2._________I________(say)itagain?3.Myparents___________(give)meacomputerformynextbirthday.4.We__________(go)totheparkifitdoesn’traintomorrow.5.There__________(be)anEnglishpartytomorrowevening.6.—Larry,whatareyougoingtobewhenyou_________(grow)up?--I________(be)aprofessionalbasketballplayer.II.單項選擇1.---Willyoupleasestayhereforthepicnic?--Sorry,I_______.I’llhavetogotopracticethepiano.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.won’tD.can’t2.Hesayshe________usaroundhisfactoryinaweek.A.showsB.isshowingC.willshowsD.willshow3.EitherweorAndy_________theanimalsthisweekend.A.isgoingtofeedB.aregoingtofeedC.isfeedingD.arefeeding4.Ihopeyourdream________oneday.A.comestrueB.cometrueC.willcometrueD.willtrue5.________Ireturnthebooktothelibrarysoon?A.WillB.DoC.AmD.Shall6.Ifit_______,ourfamily________boatingtomorrow.A.don’train,willgoB.isn’train,isgoingtogoC.doesn’train,willgoD.doesn’train,shallgo7.There________afootballmatchonTVthisevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.hasD.isgoingtohave七、現在完成時1.結構:(1)be:have/hasbeen(2)do:have/hasdone2.用法:1)結果:表示過去發生的或已完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響后結果。(eg:1)—Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?--Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.2)Ihavelostmypen.3)IhavealreadywatchedtheTVplay.4)—Haveyoufoundyourlostpen?--No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.注意:already,yet常和現在完成時連用。1)already用于肯定句，可放在助動詞之后、過去分詞之前也可放在句末。2)yet用于疑問句，表示“已經”，用于否定句，表“還”，常放在句末。(2)持續:表示動作或狀態已經開始，持續到現在，也許還要持續下去，常和for,since連用，表示持續的動作或狀態多為延續性動詞。eg:1)Wehavelivedheresince2000.2)IhavelearntEnglishforthreeyears.(3)經驗:表示從過去到現在曾經經歷的事情或表示同一動作發生多次，常和never,ever,once,twice,before等連用。eg:1)IhaveneverbeentoEgyptbefore.2)Ithassnowedtwicehere.非延續性動詞的現在完成時常用下列結構表示:主語，have/hasbeen，adj./n./prep-phraseeg:1)Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.2)Hehasbeenapartymemberforayear.3)Ihavebeeninthisschoolforhalfayear.(4)幾個副詞在現在完成時中的用法:?just“剛剛”，表示動作剛結束，常放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。eg:HehasjustcomebackfromBeijing.?ever“曾經”，用于疑問句或否定句中，位于助動詞與過去分詞之間。eg:HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai??never“從來沒有”，常與before連用，多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。eg:Ihavenevertravelledbyplanebefore.?before“以前”，指過去不確定的某個時間，總放在句末不受句型的限制。eg:Ihaven’theardofitbefore.?for，時間段,since，時間點應特別注意:謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞。如:我離開這所學校已八年了。誤:I’veleftthisschoolforeightyears.正:I’vebeenawaythisschoolforeightyears.(5)延續性動詞與非延續性動詞的用法?非延續性動詞不可與表示一段的時間狀語連用。eg:Thepooroldmanhasdied.(T)Thepooroldmanhasdiedforthreeyears.(F)Thepooroldmanhasbeendeadforthreeyears.但在否定句中，可以與表示一段的時間狀語連用。eg:Hehasn’tcomehereforseveraldays.?非延續性動詞與一段時間狀語連用可采用下述三種方法:1)將非延續性動詞轉化為延續性動詞:come?behere,go?bethere,die?bedead,borrow?keep,buy?have,join?bein/bea?member,leave?beaway,begintostudy?study,finish?beover,getup?beup,puton?wear,catchacold?haveacold,wakeup?beawake,fallasleep?beasleep,arrive/get?be,lose?nothave,leave?beawayfrom2)將時間狀語改為過去時間，并用一般過去時代替現在完成時。eg:Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.?Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.3)用句型“Itis，一段時間，since從句(從句中的謂語動詞用非延續性動詞的一般過去式)”表示eg:Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.?Itistwoyearssincetheoldmandied練習:1.I________thisbookfortwoweeks.Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept2.—Whynotgotoseetheflowershowwithus?--I________it.A.sawB.hadseenC.seeD.haveseen3.—I________sobusilyrecentlythatI_______notimetohelpyouwithyourmath.--That’sOK.Icanmanageitbymyself.A.havebeenworking,haveB.haveworked,hadC.amworking,willhaveD.hadbeenworking,hadhad4.—I________womennewCDs.--When_______you_______them?--Yesterdaymorning.A.buy,did,buyB.buy,do,buyC.havebought,did,buyD.havebought,did,buy5.IfirstmetTom10yearsago.He_______inaradiofactoryatthattime.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.wasworkingD.hasbeenworking6.—Haveyoufinishedthereport?--NO.I_______itallthisweek.A.willdoB.haddoneC.havedoneD.havebeendoing八、過去完成時1.構成:(1)be:hadbeen(2)do:haddone2.用法:表示“過去的過去”，即在過去的某一動作之前，已經發生了另外一個動作。3.時間狀語:bylastweek,bytheendoflastyear,whenIgotthere等eg:1)Themoviehadbeenonfor10minuteswhenIgottothecinema.2)ShehadleftbythetimeIarrived.3)HehadlivedinShanghaibeforehecamehere.4)Ihadlearnedabout2,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.1.---Where__you__(put)thebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.---I___(put)itrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.did;put;putB.have;put;putC.did;put;haveputD.have;put;haveput2.Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose_______toher?A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened3.Hello,I____youwereinLondon.Howlong_________here?A.don’tknow;wereyouB.hadn’tknown;areyouC.haven’tknown;areD.didn’tknow;haveyoubeen4.I’mgladtotellyouthatwe_____theworkinlesstimethanwe_____expectedto.A.finished;wereB.havefinished;areC.havefinished;wereD.hadfinished;were5.WhenIwasatcollegeI_______threeforeignlanguagebutI________allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenC.hadspoken;haveforgotten一般過去時和過去進行時1.He______abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowifhe______it.A.wrote;hasfinishedB.waswriting;hasfinishedC.waswriting;hadfinishedD.wrote;willfinish2.Tom________intothehousewhennoone___________.A.slipped;wasnoticingB.hadslipped;noticedC.slipped;hadnoticedD.wasslipping;noticed3.Asshe________thenewspaper,Granny_________asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell4.ThelasttimeI_________Janeshe__________cottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickedC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking(六)過去完成時與一般現在時比較練習I(單項選擇1.Limeiisonlyaten-year-oldgirl,butshe_______todrawforaboutfiveyears.A.learnsB.learndeC.wouldlearnD.haslearned2.There______alotofrainagainlastweek.We______toomuchrainthismonth.A.was;hadB.was;havehadC.hasbeen;hashadD.hasbeen;had3.--_______you______Kate’sbrother?I_______somethingtotellhim.--I’mafraidI_______.A.Have;seen;havegot;haven’tB.Did;see;have;don’tC.Have;seen;had;haven’tD.Did;see;havegot;haven’t4.Myfamily_______supperwhensuddenlyI_______aheavyknockonthedoor.A.arehaving;heardB.werehaving;haveheardC.werehaving;heardD.havehad;washearing5.Jimnolongerstudieshere.He_______toLondonwithhisparents.They_______almostaweekago.A.isgoinglleftB.wasgoing;leftC.hasgone;hasleftD.hasgone;left6.Ourmanger_______toAmericatwicebeforeandnowhe_______thereagain.A.hasgone;hasbeenB.hasbeen;hasgoneC.hasgone;wentD.went;hasbeen7.MrLiu_______forXi’anonSaturday.He_______inthatcityforaboutfivedays.A.leftlhasbeenB.hasleft;hasbeenC.wasleaving;wasD.left;was8.GrannyLiu____downamongthechildrenand_____totellthemthestoryofherlife.A.hassat;beganB.sat;hasbegunC.sat;beganD.hassat;hasbegun9.–I;msorrytokeepyouwaitingsolong.--Oh,itdoesn’tmatter.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.A.wasB.havebeenC.willbeD.came10.Alice_______toAustraliawithherfatherayearago.She______inaschoolnearherhomealready.A.came;hasbeenB.came;wasC.hascome;wasD.hascome;hasbeen11.Ihave______finishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours_______.A.already;alreadyB.already;yetC.yet;yetD.yet;asready12.Ihave_______comebackfromabroad.Icamehere_______.A.just;justB.justnow;justnowC.justljustnowD.justnow;just13.–Ihaven’ttoldthattoanyone_______,haveI?--You’veseemedtotellthattoLiLeiafewdays_______.A.before;agoB.before;beforeC.ago;agoD.ago;before14.—Hasyourmother______beeentoLondon_______?--No,_______.Butmyfatherhas_______beenthere.A.just;yet;never;everB.ever;before;not;alreadyC.ever;already;never;justD.ever;before;never;just15.Ihave_______heardofsuchastrangething________.A.just;alreadyB.never;beforeC.neverlyetD.ever;justnow16.AnnhasbeeninAustralia________sixmonths.Herparentshaven’theardfromher______halfayear_______.A.for;since;agoB.for;since;beforeC.in;for;ago;D.for;since;before17.MrBlack_______tothecityhospital.He______abadcold.He_______onlyaminuteago.A.hasgone;hasgot;leftB.hasbeen;hasgot;leftC.hasgone;had;leftD.hasgone;hasgot;hasleftII.用所給詞的適當形式填空18.Tom________(see)thisfilm.He_______(see)itlastSaturday.19.She_________(have)hersupper.She__________(have)itwithmeinmyhouse.20.--_________you_________(be)toNewYork?--No,I________(have),butmyfather________(be)theretwice.21.Oh,we_________(notmeet)eachotherforalongtime.Ilast________(see)youinLondon,didn’tI?22.Jack________(leave)homein1998.He_______(be)awayfromhishomeforalmostsixyears.23.–WhereisLiuPing?--She_______(go)shopping.--When_______she________(go)?--She_________(go)afewminutesago.24.MrWang________(come)tothisschoolinSeptember.Andhe_______(be)atthisschoolsincethen.25.Myfatherisn’tathome.He________(go)toBeijing.He________(go)thereonMonday.Andhe_______(be)inBeijingforthreedaysalready.26.--_______you________(read)thesbookbefore?--Yes,I______.I_______(read)Itabouttwoyearsago.27.I___________(notreturn)tomyhometownsofar.Ithinkit________(change)alotinthelast20years.III.同義句轉換28.Lucyborrowedthebookaweekago.Lucy_________________thebook_______aweek.29.MrAndrewbegantoteachEnglishtwentyyearsago.MrAndrewhas________an_______________fortwentyyears.30.TheSmithshavemovedtoLondonforalmosttenmonths.___________________almosttenmonthssincetheSmiths_______toLondon.31.Mybrotherjoinedthearmyafewweeksago.Mybrother______________________soldier________afewweeks.32.LiuHuajoinedourclubin2003.LiHua________________________ourclub________2003.33.MrSmithcametothisschoolinSeptember.MrSmith________________atthisschool_________september.34.Iboughtthisnewdictionaryovertwoweeksago.I________________thisnewdictionary________overtwoweeks.35.Howlonghaveyouworkedinthisfactory?_________didyou________toworkinthisfactory?36.UncleWanghasworkedtheresinceitopenedin1989.UncleWang______________worktherin1989_______itopened.37.Xiaobinghasahighfeverforthreedays.XiaoBing________tohavefeverforthreedays________.38.LiuHai’smotherdiedin2001.LiuHai’smother______________________________2001.39.It’sbeenalmostayearsincehesgrandpadied.Hisgrandpa_____________________________________almostayear.40.Ilostmywalletmorethanaweekago.________________morethanaweek________Ilostmywallet.41.Welas