基于超限學習機的無設備定位方法研究基于超限學習機的無設備定位方法研究

摘要

無線定位技術因其方便快捷、無需硬件部署、精度高等優點而受到廣泛關注。本文提出一種基于超限學習機的無設備定位方法，其中超限學習機被用于實現非線性函數映射，通過收集Wi-Fi信號強度和位置數據作為訓練集，并以壓縮感知的方式實現極限降維，來進行定位。為了進一步提升精度，本文引入了局部權重貢獻方法來降低信號強度測量誤差對定位結果的影響。

本文還在室內環境下進行了一系列實驗，比較了所提出的方法與傳統的KNN定位算法和基于支持向量機的定位方法。實驗結果表明，所提出的無設備定位方法具有較高的定位精度和更好的魯棒性。

關鍵詞：超限學習機；無設備定位；Wi-Fi；壓縮感知；局部權重貢獻。

Abstract

Wirelesspositioningtechnologyhasattractedwidespreadattentionduetoitsconvenience,nohardwaredeployment,andhighaccuracy.Inthispaper,adevice-freepositioningmethodbasedonextremelearningmachine(ELM)isproposed,inwhichtheELMisusedtoachievenon-linearfunctionmapping.Wi-Fisignalstrengthandlocationdataarecollectedastrainingsets,andextremedimensionreductionisachievedbycompressivesensingtoperformpositioning.Inordertofurtherimprovetheaccuracy,thispaperintroducesthelocalweightcontributionmethodtoreducetheimpactofmeasurementerrorsonthepositioningresults.

Inaddition,aseriesofexperimentswerecarriedoutinanindoorenvironmenttocomparetheproposedmethodwiththetraditionalKNNpositioningalgorithmandthesupportvectormachine-basedpositioningmethod.Theexperimentalresultsshowthattheproposeddevice-freepositioningmethodhashigherpositioningaccuracyandbetterrobustness.

Keywords:Extremelearningmachine(ELM);device-freepositioning;Wi-Fi;compressivesensing;localweightcontributionDevice-freepositioninghasbecomeanimportantresearchareaduetoitswiderangeofapplicationssuchassecurity,healthcare,andhomeautomation.Inthisstudy,anoveldevice-freepositioningalgorithmbasedonextremelearningmachine(ELM)andcompressivesensingwasproposed.Theproposedalgorithmutilizesthereceivedsignalstrength(RSS)ofWi-Fisignalstoestimatethepositionofatargetuserwithouttheneedforanyadditionaldevicesorsensors.

TheELMalgorithmwasutilizedtotrainalocalweightcontributionmatrix,whichisusedtodeterminethecontributionofeachsignalstrengthmeasurementtothepositioningresults.CompressivesensingwasusedtoreducethedimensionalityoftheRSSmatrix,thusreducingthecomputationalcomplexityandimprovingtheaccuracyofthealgorithm.

Aseriesofexperimentswereconductedinanindoorenvironmenttoevaluatetheproposeddevice-freepositioningmethod.TheexperimentalresultsshowedthattheproposedmethodoutperformedthetraditionalKNNpositioningalgorithmandthesupportvectormachine-basedpositioningmethodintermsofaccuracyandrobustness.

Inconclusion,thisstudyproposesanoveldevice-freepositioningalgorithmbasedonELMandcompressivesensing,whichcanaccuratelyestimatethepositionofatargetuserusingonlyWi-Fisignals.Themethodhaspotentialforawiderangeofapplications,includinghomeautomation,healthcare,andsecurityTherearesomelimitationsandfuturedirectionsfortheproposeddevice-freepositioningalgorithmbasedonELMandcompressivesensing.First,thealgorithmassumesthattheenvironmentisstaticduringthepositioningprocess.However,inreal-worldscenarios,theenvironmentmaychangedynamicallyovertime,whichcouldaffecttheaccuracyofthealgorithm.Therefore,futureresearchcanfocusondevelopingdynamicalgorithmsthatcanadapttochangingenvironments.

Second,thealgorithmisbasedonWi-Fisignals,whichmaynotbeavailableinallenvironments.Insuchcases,alternativesignals,suchasBluetoothorRFID,couldbeused.Futureresearchcanexplorehowtheproposedalgorithmcouldbeadaptedtoworkwithothertypesofsignals.

Third,theproposedalgorithmrequiresatrainingphasetobuildthedictionarymatrix.Thisprocesscanbetime-consumingandmaynotbefeasibleinsomereal-worldscenarios.Therefore,futureresearchcanfocusondevelopingalgorithmsthatdonotrequireatrainingphase.

Fourth,theproposedalgorithmcurrentlyonlyworksforsingle-userscenarios.Inmulti-userenvironments,interferencebetweenuserscouldaffecttheaccuracyofthealgorithm.Therefore,futureresearchcanexplorehowthealgorithmcouldbeadaptedtoworkinmulti-userscenarios.

Finally,whiletheproposedalgorithmoutperformedtraditionalpositioningalgorithmsintermsofaccuracyandrobustness,thereisstillroomforimprovement.Futureresearchcanfocusondevelopingmoreadvancedalgorithmsthatfurtherimprovetheaccuracyandefficiencyofdevice-freepositioningsystems.

Overall,theproposeddevice-freepositioningalgorithmbasedonELMandcompressivesensinghasthepotentialtorevolutionizeindoorpositioningsystems.Withfurtherdevelopmentandresearch,itcouldenableawiderangeofapplicationsthatbenefitsocietyOnepotentialapplicationofdevice-freepositioningsystemsisinthefieldofhealthcare.Hospitalstaffneedtokeeptrackofpatientsandmedicalequipmentwithinthehospitalenvironment,andaccurateindoorpositioningcanhelptoincreaseefficiencyandreduceerrors.Forexample,adevice-freepositioningsystemcouldbeusedtotrackthemovementofahospitalbedandalertstaffwhenitreachesacertainlocation,suchastheoperatingroom.Itcouldalsobeusedtotrackthelocationofmedicalstaff,ensuringthattheyareinthecorrectareatoprovidetherequiredmedicalcare.

Anotherpotentialapplicationisinthefieldofsecurity.Traditionalsecuritysystemssuchasvideocamerasmaybeineffectiveincertainsituations,suchaswhentheintruderiswearingamaskorifthecamera'sviewisblocked.Adevice-freepositioningsystemcandetectthepresenceofahumanbeingeveniftheyarenotcarryinganyelectronicdevices,enablingsecuritypersonneltoidentifytheintruderandtakeappropriateaction.

Moreover,device-freepositioningsystemscanalsobeusedinenvironmentalmonitoring.Theycandetectandtrackthemovementofwildlifeinnaturalhabitatswithoutdisturbingthem,providingvaluableinformationtoresearchersandconservationists.Theycanalsobeusedtomonitorthemovementofpeopleindisasterzones,enablingfirstresponderstolocatesurvivorsandprovideassistancemoreefficiently.

Finally,device-freepositioningsystemscanbeusedinretailenvironments.Theycanprovidevaluableinsightsintocustomerbehavior,suchashowtheynavigatethestoreandwhichitemsaremostpopular.Thisinformationcanbeusedtoimprovestorelayoutandproductplacement,leadingtoincreasedsalesandcustomersatisfaction.

Inconclusion,device-freepositioningsystemshaveenormouspotentialtoenhance