專題二完形填空微技能三【學習目標】一：考點歸納高考具有選拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中總有2～3道較難的題目成為學生取得高分的“攔路虎”。導致這些題目失分的原因主要有以下幾點：①解題信息比較隱蔽；②干擾項迷惑性較強；③文中人物的情感態度較難把握；④慣性思維所致。針對這些題目，學生除了需要具備扎實的語言功底外，還應提升思維品質和推理能力。本講總結了解答完形填空的五大易錯點，旨在讓學生遇到此類題目時不要急于求成，要三思而后決斷。二：易錯易混點歸納易錯點（一）因缺乏全篇關聯思維而錯選語篇層次題的解題信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或幾段甚至全篇，這就要求學生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脈絡、作者的思想或主人公的心理，然后進行準確的推理判斷，從而作出正確的選擇。對于此類題目，一定要堅持這樣一個原則——不急于解答，讀完全文后綜合考慮再作判定。【典例】（2023·1月浙江卷）Here，insoutheastEthiopia，handcarvedbeehives（蜂箱）areplacedinthe42.Reachingthemtogetthehoneyisdifficult—andoften43.dangerous.I44.followedbeekeeperZiyadoverawidestretchofgrasslandbeforeenteringathickjungle.Ziyadbeganpreparations.He45.gatheredhandfulsofdamptreeleaves，wrappedthemwithstring，and46.litthebunchtocreateatorch（火把）.Then，withoneendofaropetiedtohiswaistandtheotherendaroundthetrunkofatree，Ziyadbegan47.climbing.Hestoppedeveryfewminutestomovethe48.ropehigherupthetreetrunk.49.Finally，Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground.42.A.courtyardsB.fieldsC.treetopsD.caves易錯點（二）因不能正確區分形近詞或近義詞而錯選完形填空題選項中經常會出現一些形近詞或近義詞讓學生辨析，因為詞形相近或意義相近，無形中增加了難度，如果學生對這些詞掌握得不好或不著眼于語篇的意義便很容易錯選。【典例】（2023·全國乙卷）Asitturnedout，Douglasdid50whatsheneededtodotobeeOlympicchampionwhenshe51.defeatedtwoRussians.TheChinesecoach52.transformedDouglasintooneofthebestgymnastsinthe53.world，helpingherskyrocketfroman54.averagememberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.By55.winningtheOlympicallaroundtitle，shebecamethefirstblackwomantodoso.She56.ledthepetitionfrombeginningtoend.Shesaidshehadfelt57.confidentallalongthatshewouldwin.B.graduallyC.exactlyD.possibly易錯點（三）因詞匯理解障礙而錯選在完形填空題的設題上，命題者往往還將一些學生平常容易忽視的詞匯設置成選項，從而造成錯選。對于這些詞匯，學生在平時必須高度重視，背熟記熟。【典例】（2023·1月浙江卷）49.Finally，Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground.Sittingonabranch，he50towardsitandblewsmokefromhistorchintoatinyholeinthehive.Suddenly，Ziyadletoutasharpcry.Withinseconds，he’d51.sliddownthetrunkandwasbackontheground.Itwastoo52.earlytocollectthehoney.Acoolsummerhaddelayed53.hatching.Babybeeswerestillinthehoneybs（蜂巢）.B.divedC.shoutedD.inched易錯點（四）因不明一詞多義或熟詞生義而錯選在最近幾年的高考完形填空中，對于一詞多義或熟詞生義的考查屢見不鮮，這往往也是學生容易失分的一個地方。很多學生由于不懂這些熟詞的“生義”而出現思維障礙，造成了不應有的失分。下面我們選取具有代表性的試題加以分析，以幫助學生熟悉其命題特點，從而跳出命題人設置的詞匯“陷阱”。【典例】（2023·新課標Ⅰ卷）Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe54，they’vesincebeefriends.Neitherwontherace，butthe55.displayofhumankindnesswontheday.B.testC.meetD.show易錯點（五）因慣性思維而錯選在英語學習中，由于種種原因，如我們的母語、知識面、思維習慣等都有可能讓學生形成一些思維定式。這些思維定式往往導致我們作出錯誤的選擇。完形填空解題中因慣性思維而失分常有以下兩種情況：（1）學習單詞時受到的思維定式影響學生往往過于簡單化地記憶單詞的中文意思，而忽略實際用法及英漢差異。例：不能用succeedtodosth表達“成功做某事”。解題時要關注語境、含義、用法及詞形轉化。（2）學習詞組或習慣用語時受到的思維定式影響學生在學習詞組時容易受到思維定式影響。例：學習waitfor后，有些學生在遇到wait后面接介詞時，就選擇for。但在Hestoppedhiscartowaitattheredlight.中不用for。解題時要注意文章結構、上下文邏輯關系，整句理解和整段把握。【典例】（2023·新課標Ⅱ卷）Theflightwas53.uneventful，andTiffywasagreatpassenger.Thenextday，she54withKarenandmadeitbacktoGeorgeinVirginiawithinafewdays.Hewasso55.thankfulandsentmeaniceemailwithpictures.ItfeltgreattoknowthatIhadhelpedbringthisfamilytogetheragain.B.foughtC.flewD.agreed三、典例探究（2024·重慶名校聯盟聯考）Iwastheninmyearlytwenties.EventhoughIwasarmedwithadegreeinEducation，findinga1teachingjobwasnoteasy.Ihadtotrysometemporaryones.Thisyear，whenagoldenopportunity2toteach5thgradestudentsinalocalschool，I3itandtookthingsseriously.I4myselfwithlessonplans，taughtwithenthusiasm，andstayed5withthestudents.Ihadnohesitationin6thekidswhentheygottheanswerright，andencouragedthemiftheydidn’t.Onedaywhenthekidswere7，agirlapproachedandhandedmea8beforeshewenthome.Onitwasalovelydrawingfullofchildlikewonder，9bythewords，“YouarethebestteacherIhaveeverhad！”Itreallyamazedmethatoneofmykindmentshad10thatgirl’sheartgreatly.Itookthatnotehomeand11putitinafolder，lookingonitasa12becauseitwasveryimportant.AnytimeIwasfeelingdownIwouldlookatitanditprovedtobea13.Thatexperienceshowedmethe14ofjustasinglekindword.Itencouragedmetocontinuetotrymybesteachdayto15loveandkindnessthroughmywordsandactions.Wishthesameforothers.1.（）A.firstrate B.wellpaid C.laborsaving D.fulltime2.（）A.escaped B.demanded C.arose D.arranged3.（）A.jumpedat B.thoughtabout C.waitedfor D.dreamtof4.（）A.occupied B.amused C.concerned D.contented5.（）A.familiar B.positive C.strict D.consistent6.（）A.evaluating B.supporting C.instructing D.congratulating7.（）A.graded B.dismissed C.tested D.taught8.（）A.note B.gift C.parcel D.book9.（）A.judged B.indicated C.emphasized D.acpanied10.（）A.hardened B.touched C.broken D.gladdened11.（）A.simply B.casually C.carefully D.eagerly12.（）A.reminder B.treasure C.proof D.secret13.（）Afort B.fortune C.fantasy D.privilege14.（）A.target B.application C.power D.principle15.（）A.clarify B.find C.feel D.spread四、訓練檢測Test1（2023·銅仁二模）A12yearoldartistfromIowaisusinghisartworkstoraiseawarenessandmoneyforchildren’scancer.WhenArshPalwaseightyearsold，hewas1paintingsuppliesforhisbirthday.Hebeganpaintingwatercolourcanvases（油畫），andhadmadesomanythathebegan2someofthemtohisfamilyandfriendsasgifts.Astimewenton，Palgotevenbetteratpainting，andhispaintingsgrewin3inAmerica，especiallyamongtheyoungpeople.4，hestartedsellinghispaintingsand5100percentofhisproceeds（收入）toSt.JudeChildren’sResearchHospital.Heseta6toraise$1，000，whichhequickly7.Sincethen，Palhas8morethan$15，000，andhasdonatedtoatleastfivecharities.Forallofhishardworkand9，PalwasrecentlyhonouredwiththeDianaAward，a10youthhumanitarianawardnamedafterthelatePrincessDiana.The11isgivento“outstandingyoungpeople”betweentheagesof9and25whoare“12creatingandsustainingpositivesocialchange”.“Ifeelreally13thatI’vegotitbecauseit’saprettybigaward，”PaltoldDesMoinesRegister.Inhisfreetime，Palalso14nursinghomeresidentshowtopaint.Hehopestosoonstartteachingfreepaintinglessonstokidsaswell，particularlythosewho15frombadanxietyandemotionalstruggles.1.A.gifted B.promised C.advised D.expected2.A.goingoverB.turningdown C.puttingaway D.givingaway3.A.scale B.content C.popularity D.degree4.A.Hopefully B.Eventually C.Obviously D.Generally5.A.providing B.donating C.delivering D.lending6.A.plan B.dream C.goal D.purpose7.A.reached B.changed C.supported D.decided8.A.promoted B.requested C.gathered D.raised9.A.honesty B.patience C.generosity D.courage10.A.famous B.normal C.similar D.regular11.A.title B.award C.money D.status12.A.naturally B.formally C.effectively D.selflessly13.A.nervous B.curious C.happy D.confused14.A.teaches B.observes C.informs D.arranges15.A.escape B.separate C.benefit D.sufferTest2（2023·武漢模擬）TheschoolsinMassachusettswerethoughtasthebestinthecountry.AndanOlympicsizeswimmingpoolwasthe1.Butitwasn’tforme.Iwasquite2inregularclassesandsatinthebacksoI’dnotbe3toread.EachMondayIwouldworkmywaytothebackofthe4formingatthedivingboardsoIwouldnothavetopracticethedives.Mybloodrancoldwhentheteacher5wewouldbegradedforourfinalonthemostdifficultdive—thejackknife.Itrembledasthelinetothedivingboard6.AsIwatched，eachstudentseemedtoperformthedive7.Theyjustjumpedattheendoftheboardonce，addedajumpfor8，foldedherbodyinhalf，andfinally9outlikeanarrowforentryintothewater.IthinkIwasactuallyinastateof10，becauseallofasuddenIsawthesefourstepsas11.Thenitwasmyturn.Withmyheart12，IbarelyfinishedasIhad13inmymind.ThoughIreceivedanaveragegradethatday，Iwas14withit.ItwasawesometothinkthatIjustlearnedmyfirstdive；15，IbelievedwhateverImetinthefuture，Iwouldgiveatryfirst. B.focus C.proof D.best2.A.shy B.autonomous C.consistent D.dull3.A.calledin B.calledupon C.pulledup D.pulledapart4.A.seat B.room C.pool D.line5.A.claimed B.instructed C.suggested D.announced6.A.lengthened B.shortened C.formed D.disappeared7.A.effortlessly B.undoubtedly C.hopelessly D.unbelievably8.A.grades B.dive C.height D.action9.A.jumped B.stuck C.reached D.straightened10.A.hesitation B.shock C.satisfaction D.confusion B.reasonable C.doable D.breathable B.torn C.broken D.sinking B.judged C.expected D.mentioned B.strict C.pleased D.connected B.instead C.overall D.meanwhile完形填空微技能三答案【典例】（2023·1月浙江卷）解析本題是典型的語篇層次題，僅憑題目所在的句子無法確定答案，此類題目需要綜合全篇來找線索。根據下文中的...Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground可知，養蜂人Ziyad爬到了離地面約20米的高處。由此可知，蜂箱應該在樹頂。自主解答C【典例】（2023·全國乙卷）解析四個選項形式相似、詞性相同，部分學生容易因混淆而失分。本題可以利用聯系上下文分析法解題。根據下文可知，道格拉斯后來取得了非凡的成績，這正是她所需要做的事。此處exactly意為“恰好，正好”，在句中用于強調。自主解答C【典例】（2023·1月浙江卷）解析根據上文可知，收獲蜂蜜是在離地面約20米的樹頂上，因此Ziyad應該是小心翼翼地朝著蜂箱緩慢移動。inch指“（使朝某方向）謹慎移動”，對于學生而言，這一含義較為生僻，較難選出正確答案。自主解答D【典例】（2023·新課標Ⅰ卷）解析根據上下文可知，Bailey和Lenoue在比賽前素不相識，但這之后成了朋友。meet除了“會議；見面”等常見意思外，還有“運動會；體育比賽”的含義。自主解答C【典例】（2023·新課標Ⅱ卷）解析根據上下文可知，作者帶著狗狗到達了堪薩斯城，后面的行程由Karen帶著狗繼續飛往弗吉尼亞。但學生受思維定式影響，可能看到with就下意識地以為選擇agreewith這個固定搭配，從而誤選。自主解答C【典例剖析】語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者20多歲時得到進入當地一所學校任教的機會。一天放學時，一個小女孩給了作者一張便箋，稱作者是她遇到的最好的老師，這讓作者非常驚訝。這次經歷也讓作者認識到善意話語的力量。1.D根據上文的EventhoughIwasarmedwithadegreeinEducation和下文的Ihadtotrysometemporaryones.可知，此處表示雖然作者有教育學位，但找到一個全職的教學工作依舊不容易，因此作者不得不嘗試一些臨時的教學工作。2.C根據上下文可知，當一個絕佳的機會出現時，作者迫不及待地抓住這次機會。3.A參見上題解析。jumpatachance/anopportunity抓住一個機會。4.A根據上文的tookthingsseriously可知，此處指作者忙于課程計劃。occupyoneselfwithsth意為“忙著做某事”。5.B根據上文的taughtwithenthusiasm和下文作者對學生的態度可知，此處強調作者始終積極地對待學生。6.D根據下文whentheygottheanswerright，andencouragedthemiftheydidn’t并結合常識可知，學生回答問題正確時作者會向他們表示祝賀。7.B根據下文beforeshewenthome可知，此處表示一天，當學生放學時。8.A根據下文的Itookthatnotehome可知，一個女孩走過來遞給作者一張便箋。9.D根據上下文可知，便箋上是一幅美麗的畫，充滿了孩子般的好奇，還附有一些文字。10.B根據上文的YouarethebestteacherIhaveeverhad！可知，作者善意的話語觸動了那個女孩的心。11.C根據下文becauseitwasveryimportant可知，作者應該是把那張紙條小心翼翼地放在一個文件夾里。12.B根據上文的Itookthatnotehomeand11putitinafolder和空后的becauseitwasveryimportant可知，作者很珍視這個便箋，把它視為珍寶。13.A根據上文的AnytimeIwasfeelingdownIwouldlookatit可知，每次作者感到情緒低沉時，都會看看這張便箋。由此可知，這張便箋對作者來說是一種安慰。14.C根據下文可知，那句話一直鼓勵著作者，所以是向他展示了一句友善的話語的力量。15.D根據空后loveandkindnessthroughmywordsandactions可知，作者通過自己的言行來傳播愛和善良。Test1【訓練檢測】Test1語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。ArshPal是來自美國愛荷華州的一名12歲的小畫家，他將賣畫所得全部捐給醫院和慈善機構，來幫助那些患有癌癥的兒童。解析：A根據下文forhisbirthday可知，畫畫用品是人們贈送給ArshPal的生日禮物。這里gift是動詞，意為“贈送”。解析：D根據下文asgifts可知，ArshPal將一些自己的畫送給家人和朋友。giveaway意為“贈送”。解析：C由于ArshPal的畫越來越好，因此受到越來越多的人喜歡。growinpopularity是固定表達，意為“越來越受歡迎”。解析：B最后，ArshPal開始售賣自己畫的畫。解析：B根據下文hisproceeds（收入）toSt.JudeChildren’sResearchHospital可知，ArshPal將自己賣畫所得全部捐給了該醫院。解析：C根據下文的toraise$1，000可知，ArshPal給自己設定了一個目標。解析：AArshPal很快