英語學科講義中考沖刺：首字母之不定代詞中考沖刺：首字母之不定代詞一、課前檢測：Ididn’tthinkIhadapassion(激情).IwouldsitinfrontoftheTVallday,thinkingaboutnothingbutthenextshow.ItwasnotlongagothatIfirstlearnedhowimportanthavingapassionistolife.OnthatdayIwentwithmymumtodrivemysistertothegym.Iwasbored.Then,asmymumstoppedataredlight,sonthesideoftheroadcaughtmyeye.Itwasamandressedinrags(衣衫襤褸).Hewashomeless.Thatdidn’tinterestme,forIhadseenmanylikehimb.

Butinsomewayshewasd.Thismanwasnotsittingdownwithasadexpression.Hehadaradioinhishandandwasdancinghtothemusic.Theradioseemedtobethemostprecious(珍貴)thinghehad.

“Mum,whydoesthatmanhavearadioeventhoughthe’shomeless?”Iasked.

“Heboughtit,”shereplied.

“Butifhe’shomeless,whydoesn’theusethemoneytobuyfoodorclothes?Hewitonsomethinghedoesn’tneed.”

“Well,Sarah,sometimesfoodandclothesaren’tthemostimportantthings.Weneedhappiness,too.”

Thatmanmustcenoughmusictobuyaradioinsteadoffoodorclothes.Isoonrealizedthathappinessisthektolife.Withoutit,there’snothingtolookforwardto.Apassiongivesapersonthehappinesstheyneedtokeepgoing.二、專題精講一、不定代詞解密不定代詞：即不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。常用不定代詞有：some（something，somebody，someone）any（anything，anybody，anyone）no（nothing，nobody，noone）every（everything，everybody，everyone，）all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）fewother（s），another，none，one，either，neither不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。1．作主語Bothofthemareteachers．他們兩人都是教師。2．作賓語Iknownothingaboutthisperson．我對這個人一無所知。3．作表語Allyouhaveisnothing．你所擁有的什么都不是。4．作定語Thereisalittlewaterintheglass．玻璃杯里有一些水。5．作狀語Ican'tfindmybookanywhere．我在任何地方都不能找到我的書。如何判斷空格里的單詞是不定代詞呢？如何判斷空格里的單詞是不定代詞呢？由于不定代詞可以在句子中做很多成分，所以不定代詞不像動詞、形容詞等有較為規律的位置出現。但是這并不妨礙我們做好首字母填空，因為不定代詞是可以直接按照上下語境，語句意思來判斷的，省略了判斷詞性這一步。其實是比其他詞性更簡單好填些。我們在歷年中考真題中來仔細看看不定代詞是不是比較容易來判斷。二、解題技巧首字母閱讀高頻詞匯梳理—代詞首字母閱讀高頻詞匯梳理—代詞anyoneanythingeithernothingoneshimselfherselfhersOurselvesothersminemyselfnothingnobodysomethingselfThese/Theythemyourself歷年上海中考英語首字母填空動不定代詞出現情況①Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternet.A86popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketofriendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.②EventhoughHolmeshasknowledgeaboutmanysubjects,suchaschemistry,botany(植物學)andanatomy,hestillneedsDrWatson’shelptofightwithhim.Weshouldalsohaves__86___tohelpyou,especiallyifyoudon’tknowasmuchasHolmes.③WhenIwasatuniversity,Istudiedveryhard.Butalotofmyfriendsdidveryl81work.Somejustdidenoughtopasstheexam.Othersdidn’tdoquiteenough.FredBraineswassuchastudent.HespentmoretimedrinkingintheTeaHousethanworkinginthelibrary.④Thisweek,myfamilytriedtosaveelectricity.Weneverleftthelightsonwhenleavingtherooms.WeswitchedofftheTVwhenn92waswatchingit.⑤Don’tspendlongerthanthirtyminutestryingtofallasleep.Ifyoucan’tgettosleepafterhalfanhour,getupanddos97quiet,likereading.Onlygobacktobedwhenyoufeeltired.A__95__goodreasonforreadingbooksisthatitisuseful.★不定代詞基礎訓練試題:1．Allofuswereinvited,butn____ofuscame.2．TheweatherinShanghaiisdifferentfromt____inBaotou.3．Thebottleisempty.Thereisn____init.4．Today,toomanytreesarestillbeingcutdowns________intheworld.5．Thesesweatersaretoosmallforme.Pleaseshowmea____one.6．“Whichofthetwodictionariesdoyoulikebetter?”“Ilike____,becausethey'renotuseful.”7．Theywereallverytired,but____ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.8．____ofthemhasadictionaryand____oneofthemcanlookupwordsinthedictionary.9．Myfatherisverybusywithhiswork.Hehas____timetodothehousework.課堂練習：【例1】（上海閱讀C篇）限時8分鐘TheLondonOlympicGamesareontheway.YoumayhaveanicetripinLondonwiththehelpofthefollowinginformation.GettingaroundinLondonByundergroundTheundergroundisfastandconvenient.Thereisastationeveryfewblocks.Undergroundtrainsrunfrom5:30a.m.to12:00midnight.Youcangettoanyplacee_____86_____.

BybusTravellingbybusisagoodwaytoseethecity,especiallyfromthetopofadoubledeckerbus.Thereisalwaysabusstopnearby.Therearespecialticketsforc_____87_____undertheageof12.BytrainTakeatraintovisitplacesoutsideLondon,likeHamptonCourtandWindsorCastle.YoucanuseaTravelcardontheunderground,busesandmosttrains.Top_____88_____yourjourney,getamapfromtherailwaystations,takesometimetothinkabouttheplacesyouwanttovisit.

BytaxiLondon’sblacktaxisaref_____89_____.ManyvisitorstoLondonknowtheyaregoodandfortable.Theywillcostyouafewpounds,though.Takeataxionce,fortheexperience.Byb_____90_____The“riverbus”leavesfromWestminsterPierandstopsatdifferentplacesbetweenWestminsterandGreenwichPier.AgoodwaytoseethecityfromtheRiverThames.BycarDon’tdriveyourcarinLondon!Carparksareverye_____91_____.Youhavetopayaspecialcongestioncharge(擁堵費)todriveyourcarintothecitycentre.BybikeTherearen’tmanygoodbicyclelanesinLondon.Cyclingwithalargeguidedgroupisbetterthanr_____92_____alone.OnfootThebestwaytovisitthecity!Butlookrightandleftbeforeyoucrossastreet.Therearemanybeautifulsightswaitingforyou.【例2】（上海閱讀C篇）限時8分鐘Atsometimeinyourlife,youmighthavearoommate.Itisagoodideatoshareaflat,especiallyforstudentsorpeoplewhohavejustfinishedschool,becauseflatsareusuallyexpensive.Andm_____86_____isnottheonlyreasonforhavingaroommate.Sharingaflatcanbefun.Butlifewitharoommatecanalsobeat_____87_____experience.Someexperts(專家)didastudyofcollegestudentswhosharedaroom.Theyfoundthatstudentswhohadproblemswiththeirroommateswerenothappyatschoolandweremorelikelytogetsickthanotherstudents.So,howcanyoul_____88_____witharoommateandenjoyit?Hereissomeadvice:Beingroommateswithafriendcanbehard.Friendsmaybedifferentwhenyoustaywiththemallthetimefromwhenyoudon'tseethemveryo_____89_____.So,beforeyouplantosharearoomwithafriend,discussthesituationcarefully.Ifyoudecidetosharearoomwithsomeoneyoudon'tknow,talktoeachother.It'simportanttobeh_____90_____aboutyourhabitsandthingsyouhate.Whenyoumoveinwitharoommate,makerules.Decidehowyouwillshareh_____91_____,suchascleaning,washingandshopping.Willyousharefood?IsitOKtohaveguests?Andwhataboutloudmusic?Don'tgetangryatsmallthingsthatyourroommatedoes.Trytof_____92_____theunhappythingsbetweenyouandyourroommate.Nooneincludingyouisperfect.【例3】（上海年閱讀C篇）限時8分鐘AschoolnewspaperTheTeensaskedoveronethousandteenagershowtheyspenttheirsparetime.Heretheyreportther_____81_____ofthesurvey.It’snotatallsurprisingtolearnthatmostteenssaidtheywantedmorefreetime.Mosthavelessthananhouradayforafterschoolactivities.P_____82_____activitywaspopularamongbothgirlsandboys,averagingbetweenthreetosixhoursaweek.Favouritesportsamonggirlsweretennis,basketballandswimming.Boyssaidtheylikedfootball,basketballandskating.Speakingofentertainment,musicandTVwerepopular.Abouthalfofthosesurveyedsaidthatmusicwastheirfavouriteactivity.Thisi_____83_____bothlisteningtoandplayingmusic.TVwasalsoverypopular.ThreequarterssaidtheypreferredwatchingTVtoreadingabookormagazine.Unexpectedly,asmanyasthreeoutoftenteenagersmentionedthatcollectingthingswassomethingtheylikedtodointheirsparetime.Theyhadv_____84_____collectionsfromcartoonbooksandbaseballcardstostickers,toysandcoins.V_____85_____friendswasalsopopular.Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternetA_____86_____popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketofriendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.Surprisingly,teenagerss_____87_____wentdancing,especiallygirls.Onlyoneoutoftensaidtheywenttothedanceregularly.練習1（徐匯一模C篇）Mostpeopleknowthatintelligencequotient(IQ)isimportant,butEQisprobablymoreimportantindailylife.Whenfacinganexam,EQhelpsustomanageourfeelings.Whengettingalongwithfriendsorparents,EQhelpsustoc_____81_____well.EQisshapedpartlybygenetics（基因）.Youcanseesomebabiesarequiet,whileothersarenot.B_____82_____,EQissomethingyoucanlearnforyourself.Youcanlearnwhatdifferentfeelingsmightmeanandhowtheyrelatetoyourselfandothers.Ifwelearnintherightway,ourEQcangetbetteraswegetolder.ChildrenwithahighEQusuallyhavegreatersuccesswithmakingfriends.HavingahighEQneedsafewdifferentskills.Learningabouttheseskillscanhelpustoi_____83_____ourEQ.Butwhatarethey?Let’stakealook!1.KnowyourselfMostpeoplefeelmanydifferentfeelingst_____84_____theday.Somefeelingslikesurpriselastjustafewseconds.Others,likehappinessandsadness,maystayaroundmuchl_____85_____.BeingabletorecognizetheseeverydayfeelingsisthemostbasicofallEQskills.2.ManageyourselfWeallgetangry.Weallhavedisappointments.Butweneedtocontrolit.Itisnotalwaystherighttimeorplacetoexpressourfeelings.Whenyouareangrywithsomeone,takeadeepbreathands_____86_____countto10.Thisway,youcancalmdown.3.EncourageyourselfWhenyoufailanexam,youmaybedisappointed.Butthereissomethingmoreeffectiveyoucando—learntoencourageyourself.Itgivesyoutheenergyandc_____87_____tomoveon.Ithelpsyoutobuildastrongheart.練習3（浦東新區一模C篇）Youknowthateatingasensibledietandgettingplentyofexercisehelpmakeyourbodyhealthyandstrong.Butdoyouknowthattherearewaystomakeyourbrainhealthierandsmarter?Herearesevenstepstowardasmarterbrain.LimityourTVviewingNeverspendtoomuchtimeonTVviewing,foritn_____81_____verylittlebrainactivities.Yourbrainwillbeeweakjustasyourmusclesdo.IfyoudowatchTV,choosesomethingeducationalandmeaningful.TravelTravellingtoa_____82_____countryforcesyoutoseeanddothingsinafreshway,bringingstimulationtothebrain.LearnanewalanguageLearninganewlanguageinvolvesdifferentlearningmethods.Learningalanguagesharpensyourbrainsandhelpspreventmemoryp_____83_____thatyoumaymeetinlateryears.ReadoftenAsyouread,takethetimetolookuppeopleorplacesthataren’tfamiliar.Readingmakesyourvocabularymuchl_____84_____ifyoualwayssearchforwordsanddefinitionsthatyoudon’tknow.Eachweek,chooseananimal,abirdorafish,andreadeverythingyoucanaboutit.Stretchyourbrainasyoubeeanexpertonthesubject.Calculatew_____85_____youshopAsyouputthingsinyourgrocerycart,totaleverythinginyourhead.Seehowcloseyougettotheactualtotal.Useyournondominant（不占優勢的）handIfyouarerighthanded,useyourlefthandforeverydayactivities,oruseyourrighthandifyouarelefthanded.Doingfamiliarthingsinadifferentwaywillmakeyourbrainc_____86_____newneuralnetworks.Wechat（微信）！Readmessagesfrompeoplewhohavedifferentinterests.Andsomesaythatlearningtoexpressy_____87_____injust100wordsisagreatbrainchallenge.Haveatryanddotheseeveryday.Littlebylittleyoucangetintothehabitofchallengingyourbrain,andmakeyourbrainsmarter!練習4（閘北一模C篇）ThestorybehindtheshoppingcartCharactersSylvanGoldmanownerofagroceryshopFredYoung—Sylvan’sfriend,amechanic(機械師)Onenightin1936,inanAmericancity.InsideFred’sworkshop.SylvansitsnexttoFred,whoismakingadjustments（調試）totheirnewi_____81_____—ashoppingcart.Sylvan:Mycustomersdon’tlikeourshoppingcart.Fred:Really?Sotheyp_____82_____shoppingwiththoseheavybaskets?Sylvan:(nods)I’vegotahugecrowdofcustomerseveryday,b_____83_____noneofthemwantstousethecart.Fred:Idon’tunderstand.Weinvitedthecartsopeopledon’tneedtocarryabasketaroundtheshop.Sylvan:(laughs)Andsothattheywillbuymoregroceries!Fred:Sowhydon’ttheyliketheshoppingcart?Sylvan:Youngmenthinkthatpushingacartaroundmakesthemlookw_____84_____andslow,andyoungwomenthinkit’sunfashionable.Fred:Ofcourseitisn’tfashionablerightnow.It’sonlyjustbeeninvented!ButI’msureolderpeoplewillappreciateit.Sylvan:Um...Fred:What?Theydon’tlikethecarte_____85_____？Sylvan:Well,theythinkpushingitmakesthemlookhelpless!Fred:Oh,no.Weneedtodosomething,Fred.Wecan’tjustg_____86_____uponthisinvention!Sylvan:Wewon’t.(Hegetsupandwalksaroundtheroom.Suddenly,hestops)Aha!I’vegotanidea.Fred:Whatisit?Sylvan:I’llhire(雇傭)somegoodlookingguysandgirlstopushthecartsaroundandpretendtheyareshopping.Fred:Oh!Sotherealshopperswillseetheseattractivepeopleusingthecartsandthink,‘Hey,ifit’sgoodenoughforthem,it’sgoodenoughforme!’Sylvan:E_____87_____.Fred:Hey!Maybeyoucouldgetoneofthegirlstogreetyourcustomersandencouragethemtousethecart.Sylvan:Greatidea!課后作業：奉賢區Inone’slife,onespendsthemosttimebeingwithoneself.Butonehastheleastunderstandingofoneself.Whenyouaresuccessful,youmaybeveryproud.Whenyou80,youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon’tgetathoroughunderstandingofyourself（徹底自我），youmaymissmanychancesinlife.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfistoknowwellaboutyourself.Youmayrealizeyourstrongpointsandweakones.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecauseyoumaynotrealizeallofyourdreams.Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushouldknow81.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfneedsselfappreciation（自我欣賞）.Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjustsmallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyourownwayofbeingthere.82yougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfalsomeansto83yourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquietplacesothatyouwon’tbehurt.Whenyouare84,tellyourfriendsaboutittochangethemood(心情)intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleep.Ifyoudon’tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon’tbeabletostayawayfromillness.85cantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getathoroughunderstandingofyourself,andyouwillgetafullcontrolofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolor.80.A.winB.failC.knowD.beat81.A.wheretodoB.howtodoC.whattodoD.whytodo82.A.SinceB.WhenC.UntilD.Although83.A.takecareofB.bekindtoC.bepleasedwithD.dependon84.A.happyB.fortableC.pleasedD.sad85.A.NooneB.EveryoneC.SomeoneD.Anyone虹口區Whatwasnapkinetiquette(禮儀)?Etiquette___80__rulesthatsocietyhassetupforpeopletofollowsothattheycandothingsintheproperway.Napkin(餐巾)etiquettehasdevelopedovertime.Accordingtoproperetiquettetoday,oneshouldputone’snapkinonone’slap(膝蓋)assoonaseveryoneisseatedatthetable.Whenoneexcusesoneselfandleavesthetableforafewminutes,oneshould__81__one’snapkintotherightofone’splate.Whatwasnapkinetiquettelikebeforeitdevelopedintowhatitistoday?InancientEgyptian,Greek,andRomantimes,theetiquettewasquitedifferent.Napkinsweremuch__82__.Often,theywereaslargeasbathtowels.Banquets(宴會)usuallylastedforhours,andpeopleatewiththeirhands,althoughfingerbowlsfilledwith__83__wouldsometimesbeavailable,thelargenapkinswerenecessaryifonewantedtostayreasonablyclean.AseconduseforthenapkindevelopedinthesixthcenturyB.C.Romansociety.Atthattime,__84__wereexpectedtotakefoodhome.Theuneatenfoodwaswrappedupandcarriedinone’snapkin.Itwasconsiderednotpolitetoleaveemptyhanded.Napkinsizechanged__85__withaninvention.Theinventionthatcausedthissizechangewasthefork.Sincepeoplebegantosueforks,theirhandsnolongergetasdirtyasbefore.Althoughnapkinsbecamesmallerinsize,manyEuropeansdidnotusethem.Thecustomwastowipeone’shandsonthetablecloth.Atthattime,tableclothsweresolargethatonecoulduseapartofittocoverone’slap.Coveringone’slapwiththetableclothservedtwopurposes(目的).Onecouldwipeone’shandsonit,andonecouldprotecthislapfromgettingdirty.80.A.pointsoutB.dealswithC.searchesforD.givesup81.A.placeB.tieC.throwD.pass82.A.heavierB.softerC.drierD.bigger83.A.riceB.waterC.breadD.soup84.A.soldiers