Module1MyFirstDayatSeniorHigh1How’sitgoing?=Howiseverythingrecently?2cover：包含，包括●becoveredwith被……覆蓋3attheendof…在……結(jié)束的時候Eg:Class5isattheendofthecorridor.●intheend=atlast最后，終于（一般時態(tài)）Eg:IamsureIwillwinintheend.●bytheendof…到……為止(后用完成時態(tài))Eg:①Bytheendofthisterm,wewillhavelearnttwoEnglishbooks.②Bytheendoflastyear,wehadfinishedourtask.●endupwith以……告終4receive客觀上收到;accept主觀上收到Eg:Ireceivedhisinvitationbutdidnotacceptit.5divide：劃分，把整體分為若干部分Eg:Theworldisdivideintofivecontinents.※比較separate：分隔，把原來連在一起或靠近的分隔開來6表參加活動的短語：takepartin+活動jointhepartyjoininthegameattend+themeeting7.Theteachersareveryenthusiasticandfriendlyandtheclassroomsareamazing.表示“吃驚”的幾個單詞：◆surprise指“由于出乎意料而感到驚異或詫異”。Eg:Hiscomingsurprisedme.◆astonish指“由于出乎意料而又不能理解而感到吃驚”，語意較強(qiáng)。Eg:Iwasastonishedtoseehegotupsoearly.◆amaze指“由于認(rèn)為似乎不可能或極少可能發(fā)生的事的出現(xiàn)而感到大為詫異、迷惑不解”，語意較強(qiáng)。Eg:Iwasamazedathisconfidence.8.Everyroomhasacomputerwithaspecialscreen,almostasbigasacinemascreen.as…as…表示“和……一樣……”。Eg:Mybookisasinterestingasyours.9.TheteacherisaveryenthusiasticwomancalledMr.Shen.calledMsShen在此作定語。10.We’reusinganewtextbookandMsShen’smethodofteachingisnothinglikethatoftheteachersatmyJuniorHighschool.(1)表示“方法、辦法”的幾個單詞：◆method作可數(shù)名詞，指（系統(tǒng)的、邏輯的）方法、辦法。后面常接of+動名詞，不接不定式）；作不可數(shù)名詞，指秩序，條理，規(guī)律。Eg:①Heisamanofhavingaccurateandstrictmethods.②Wemustgetsomemethodintoourofficefilling.◆way為可數(shù)名詞，后接不定式或of+動名詞。Eg:①Wemustfindawaytosolvethiskindofproblem.②Thenormalwayofcarryingoutsuchakindplanisverydifficult.◆means單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，其前有a,one,this,that,every等有時表單數(shù)意義，其前有such,these,those,all等有時表復(fù)數(shù)意義，其多指抽象或概括性的含義，后可接不定式，也可接of+動名詞/名詞。Eg:Thereisnomeansoffindingoutwhathappened.(2)nothinglike+n./pron.◆完全不像，一點也不像Eg:She’snothinglikehermother.◆沒有什么能趕得上Eg:There’snothinglikeaholidaytomakeonefeelrested.11.Idon’tthinkIwillbeboredinMsShen’sclass!Think表示意見和看法，其后的賓語從句中的否定詞not被移到主句中，該現(xiàn)象被稱為“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”。類似的動詞還有：expect,believe,suppose,imagine等。Eg:①Idon’tsupposethatshewillbebackuntilnight.②IshallnotexpectyoutillIseeyou.12Wedothisinafunway,withspellinggamesandotheractivities.ina…way以……的方式：Eg:Childrenlikeplayinggamesinafunway.※[辨析]inthisway/innoway/intheway/inaway/bytheway/ontheway◆inthisway用這種方法、手段Eg:Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkouttheproblem.◆innoway決不Eg:Wecaninnowaygiveintotheenemy.◆intheway,也可以寫成inone’sway，意思是“擋了某人的路”，“妨礙了某人”。Eg:①Theboxisjustinmywaytotheroom.②Don’tstandinthewaywhenIamcarryingouttheplan.◆inaway在某種程度上，有點Eg:Youarecorrectinaway.◆bytheway意思是“順便說一下”，“順便問一句”，也可以表示“在途中”。多位于句首。Eg:①Bytheway,wherehashegone?②Hestoppedforapicnicbytheway.◆I’llbuysomebreadonthe/mywayhome.②Sheisonthewaytobecomingadoctor.7.Inotherwords,therearethreetimesasmanygirlsasboys.(1)inotherwords意為“換言之，換句話說，也就是說”。(2)threetimesasmanygirlsasboys是比較結(jié)構(gòu)。其基本形式是“as+adj/adv原級+as從句”。Eg:①Thisroomisasbigasthatone.②MaryrunsasfastasJenny.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有“as+much+不可數(shù)名詞+as從句”。Hesavedasmuchmoneyashecould.8.lookforwardto意思是“盼望”，后面跟名詞或動詞的ing形式。Eg:Idon’tknowwhatresulttheyarelookingforwardtoseeing.※[聯(lián)想、發(fā)散]英語中很多短語中的to為介詞。devote…to獻(xiàn)身于…… getdownto…認(rèn)真考慮…… payattentionto…注意……stickto…堅持…… getusedto…習(xí)慣于…… leadto…導(dǎo)致……9.LiKangisveryimpressedwiththeteachersandthetechnologyinhisnewschool.Impress及物動詞(1)給予（人）印象。Eg:Theirmannersimpressedusfavorably.(2)使（人、心等）銘記（事、物）（un,upon）。Eg:Thataccidentimpressedonmethenecessityoftrafficregulations.(3)感動（人），打動（人心）(with,by)。Eg:Heimpressedtheworldwithhisadventure.他的冒險精神使全球的人深受感動。10.Wouldyoumindansweringthequestionsforme?mind+ing形式，不可以用不定式。11.Attheendoftwelfthgrade,Americanstudentsreceivethehighschooldiploma.attheend一般不單獨使用，后常接of短語，意為“在……結(jié)束的時候”，表示時間點，因此句子多用一般時態(tài)。Eg:Attheendofthetalk,heexpressedhisgreatsatisfactionwithus.※[辨析]◆bytheend一般不單獨使用，后常跟of短語，意為“到……結(jié)束的時候”，表示一段時間，因此句子多用完成時態(tài)，如過去完成時或?qū)硗瓿蓵r。Eg:Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnt1000words.◆intheend后不可跟of短語，表示最終的結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于finally或atlast。Eg:Theyfoundthelostboyintheend.12.Theschoolyearisdividedintotwosemestersbedividedinto指把一個整體分成若干部分，有時表示“平均分成幾份”的意思?！魋eparate…from把……和……分隔開，指由于事物阻隔而被分離。Module3MyFirstRideonaTrain(1)distance:n.距離 Eg①atadistance在遠(yuǎn)處 ②atadistancefrom離……有一段距離 ③fromadistance在遠(yuǎn)處 ④inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)方，在遠(yuǎn)處（2）supply:v.供給，供應(yīng)，補(bǔ)充 Supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.tosb. Eg:Theysupplythehomelesschildrenwithfood. =Theysupplyfoodtothehomelesschildren. 其復(fù)數(shù)形式supplies指“日用品，生活必需品，補(bǔ)給品”等1.RecentlyIhadmyfirstrideonalong-distancetrain.不久前，我第一次乘坐長途火車。（1）句子中l(wèi)ong-distance的表達(dá)法，這是由adjective+noun構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞。類似的有full-time全日制的，second-hand二手的，first-rate一流的，high-class高級的，large-scale大規(guī)模的，high-tech高科技的，kind-hearted善良的，absent-minded走神的，good-looking樣子好看的。除此之外，還有其他復(fù)合詞的表達(dá)法：名詞：daughter-in-law媳婦，speed-reading快速閱讀動詞：baby-sit照顧嬰兒，window-shop觀望，物色2.Andwhataride!！感嘆句，主謂語被省略，全句是：Whata(beautiful)rideitwas!很多感嘆句是由what或how引起的，what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。Eg:(1)Whatanicevoicehehas!Whatatallboyheis!(2)Howniceavoicehehas!Howtallaboyheis!3.Suddenly,itlookedlikeaplacefromanothertime.Looklike…看起來好象……4.Isatandlookedoutofthewindow.我坐在那兒看著窗外。lookout看外面，小心；lookoutof…看著……的外面5.Theytriedridinghorses,butthehorsesdidn’tlikethehotweatherandsand.trydoingsth.嘗試干某事trytodosth.盡力干某事Eg:①Weshouldtrytomakeeverythingreadybeforetheteachercomes.②Thestudentstrieddoingtheexperimentsomeotherway.6.TheAfghansandtheircamelsdidthisuntilthe1920s.the1920s20世紀(jì)20年代請注意時間表達(dá)法：the1830s 19世紀(jì)30年代the60s 60年代inher80s 在她八十多歲的時候7.Travelingataspeedover400kilometresperhour,thetraincancompletethe30-kilometrejourneyineightminutes.請注意速度speed和介詞at的連用：ataspeedof50miles atthetopofone’sspeedModule4ASocialSurvey–MyNeighbourhood(1)It’sbeensixyearssincewelastsaweachother,youknow.◆since+過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點；1980，lastmonth,halfpastsix）Eg:Ihavebeenheresince1989.◆since+一段時間+ago Eg:Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.◆since+從句 Eg:Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.◆Itis+一段時間+since從句 Eg:ItistwomonthssinceIbecameateacher.(2)AndthisisthefirsttimeI’vevisitedyourhometown.This/Itis+序數(shù)詞+time+(that)+sb+havedonesth表示“第幾次做某事”Eg:①ThisisthesecondtimeIhavebeentoChangsha.(3)…butthisisoneofthemostattractiveplacesI’vebeento.◆ThisisthebestteaIhaveeverdrunk◆注意(sb)havebeentoaplace:（某人）到過某地（該人現(xiàn)已不在那個地方）(sb)havegonetoaplace:（某人）已去了某地（該人不在說話現(xiàn)場(4)It’ssolively,andeveryoneseemssofriendly.lively:活潑的，有生氣的，用做定語或表語，可以指人或物Eg:Ifindthegirlhasalivelymind.◆live:活的，活生生的，有生命的，現(xiàn)場直播（做定語，放在被修飾的名詞前）Eg:①Haveyoucaughtalivefishintheriver?②Thereisalivebasketballmatchat9:45tonight.◆living:活的，健在的，現(xiàn)行的（作表語或定語）Eg:BaJinisregardedasoneofthebestlivingwriters.◆alive:活的，有生命的（作表語，后置定語或補(bǔ)足語，作表語的時候，可與living互換）Eg:Hewasalive/livingwhenhewassenttothehospital.(5)Ifeelveryfortunatelivinghere.生活在這里我感到很幸運。(sb)feelfortunate(in)doingsth（某人）因有機(jī)會做某事而感到幸運(6)What’sthedifferenceamongthefollowingsentences?YouliveinthenorthwestofXiamen.(in:范圍之內(nèi))YoulivetothenorthwestofXiamen.(to:范圍之外的，不接壤)Youliveonthecoastofthesea.(on:范圍之內(nèi)，可指接壤，也可指在河畔)(7)Prettyhotandwetinthesummer,butitcanbequitecoldinwinter.注意:二者都可以用作副詞，意為“相當(dāng)、很”， (8)SoundsOKtome./Thatsoundsgreat.Sound連系動詞，后跟adj作表語，無被動語態(tài)。類似詞還有l(wèi)ook,smell,taste,feel,get,turn,become等。(9)Youdon’treallyseetouristswhereIlive.我住的地方你其實是看不見游客。此句是where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句,意為“在……地方”。 Eg:①Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. ②Putthebookwhereitwas!(10)They’veputupalotofhigh-risebuildingrecently.putup有建立的意思(11)Nowwe’releavingthebusinessdistrictandapproachingtheharbour.be+V-ing:用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來，往往表示：“意圖”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。有此類用法的詞還有come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。 Eg:①I'mleavingtomorrow. ②Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?(12)Sotheytellme.他們就是這樣告訴我的。So在倒裝句中的不同意義：①so+助動詞＋B:A怎么樣，B也怎么樣②B＋助動詞＋so:A讓B去做某事，B按A的要求去做了③so+A+助動詞:A確實怎么樣[相關(guān)]either/nor+助動詞+B:A不怎么樣，B也不怎么樣④如前一句中謂語既有肯定，又有否定，應(yīng)用Soitis/waswithB或Itis/wasthesamewithB。Module5ALessoninaLabWhenweusemetals,itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances,forexample,waterandoxygen.reactvi.&vt.①作出反應(yīng)，反應(yīng)。后接介詞to。Eg:Howdidshereacttothenews?②影響，起作用。后接介詞on/upon。Eg:Thetworeactuponeachother.③抗拒，反抗。后接against。Childrentendtoreactagainsttheirparentsbygoingagainsttheirwishes.④起反作用，反過來起作用。常接介詞on/upon。Eg:Unkindnessoftenreactsontheunkindperson.⑤[化]起化學(xué)作用，[物]反應(yīng)。后接介詞with/on。Eg:a.Howdoacidsreactonmetals?b.Anacidcanreactwithabasetoformasalt.(2)Tofindoutifironrustsindryair.弄清楚鐵在干燥的空氣中是否生銹。findout指經(jīng)過探聽、詢問、調(diào)查之后，才發(fā)現(xiàn)某事或事情的真相。Eg:①Hehasfoundoutthemanwhostolethewatch.②Willyoutrytofindoutwhenthetrainsleave?[辨析]◆find有偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)某物的意思Eg:Onherwayhome,Timfoundawalletlyingontheground.◆discover表示發(fā)現(xiàn)存在的但以前不為人知的事物，也可表示發(fā)現(xiàn)已為人知的事物的新的性質(zhì)或用途，這種發(fā)現(xiàn)可能是有意的，也可能是無意的。Eg:MadameCuriediscoveredtheelementofradium.Putthesewordsinthecorrectordertodescribethestagesofascientificexperiment.put…inthecorrectorder按正確的順序排列。inorder按順序。Eg:①Thereactionofmetalswiththesesubstancescanbeputinorder.②Puteverythingintheroominorder.(4)Now,what’stheaimofthisexperiment,ZhouKai?這次實驗的目的是什么，周凱？aim①vt.&vi.把……瞄準(zhǔn)；把……對準(zhǔn)擲向；意欲，旨在。Eg:a.Thisanti-smokingcampaignismainlyaimedatyoungteenagers.b.Mybrotheraimstobeanovelist.②n.目標(biāo)，目的。常接介詞TO。Eg:Itisnowouraimtosetupafactory.5.No,weneedrathermorethanthat–abouttwoandahalfgrams.我們所需要的要大大超過那些——大約兩克半。rather是程度副詞，修飾比較級more。例如：Eg:①Fortheold,livinginthecountryisrathermorecomfortablethanincity.②Thiscomputerisrathermoreexpensivethanthatone.※注意：與rather近義的quite,fairly,very,too不能修飾比較級。可修飾比較級的詞有：◆abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等。◆還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。Eg:①Tomisfarclevererthananyotherboysintheclass.②SamistwiceolderthanI.③LearningGreekismuchharderthanlearningEnglish.6.Ineverusedtoenjoyscience,butlastyearIchangedschools,andthescienceteachersatmynewschoolareexcellent.usedtodosth.表示過去常常做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在不再這樣做。其否定式是usednot…,可縮寫為usedn’t/usen’t,口語中可用didn’tuse…。例如：Eg:①IusedtolivetherewhenIwasachild.②Usedyoutolikeopera?/Didyoulikeopera?③Thereusedtobeachurchhere,usedn’tthere?◆beusedtodosth.被用來做某事Eg:Woodcanbeusedtomakepaper.木材可以用來造紙?！鬮e/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事Eg:Hewasusedtosleepingwiththewindowsopen.Module6TheInternetandTelecommunications1.TheInternetisthebiggestsourceofinformationintheworld,andit’saccessiblethroughacomputer.因特網(wǎng)是世界上最大的信息資源，它可以通過電腦使用。accessibleadj可進(jìn)入的；可使用的。常接介詞to。Eg:Medicineshouldnotbekeptwhereitisaccessibletochildren.2.Itconsistsofmillionsofpagesofdata.它包含無數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)頁。Consistvi（由某部分，要素）組成（of）Eg:①Airconsistschieflyofnitrogen.空氣主要由氮氣組成。②Thecommitteeconsistsoftwentymembers.該委員會由二十名成員組成。3.Itthenbecamepossibleforuniversitiestousethesystemaswell.(1)aswell起副詞作用，其語氣相當(dāng)于too或also（也，還），一般放在句末。Eg:①IlikeJohnandIlikehisbrotheraswell.②Schoolswillhavetoteachcomputerskillsaswell.學(xué)校還得教計算機(jī)技能。(2)It+be/become+adj.+forsb/sthtodosth.It是形式主語，代替forsb/sthtodosthEg:ItisimportantforthestudentstolearnEnglishwell.4.HecameupwiththeideaoftheWorldWideWebin1989whilehewasworkinginSwitzerland.1989