OutlineLTEmotivationandbackground3GPPscheduleLTEKeyTechnologyLTEarchitectureLTEphysicalLayerLTElayer2/3LTEPeakBitRatesSpectralEfficiencyVoiceevolutioninLTE/SAENokiaSiemensNetworksLTELTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第1頁。LTEmotivationandbackgroundLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第2頁。WirelineevolutionpusheshigherdataratesWirelessdatausagerequiresmorecapacityFlatratepricingpushesefficiencyLTEexpectationsOthertechnologiespushwirelesscapabilitiesDriversforLTEHSDPAdatapackagesintroducedtrafficexplodesHSDPAdatavolumeADSL,VDSL,GPON…40Mbps,80Mbps,…10MHz,20MHz,…ElisaFlatrate10-30€/monthSeveralcustomerswith>3TB/dayHSDPAtrafficLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第3頁。3GPPscheduleLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第4頁。LTEin3GPPRelease83GPPandOperatorRequirementsPacketSwitchedDomainOptimizedServer-UERTT<30msAccessDelay<300msPeakRatesUL/DL50/100MbpsGoodMobilityandSecurityImproveTerminalPowerEfficiencyFrequencyAllocationFlexibilitywith1.25/2.5,5,10,15and20MHzAllocationsWCDMAevolutionworktocontinue3-4timeshighercapacityexpectedthanwithRelease6HSDPA/HSUPAreferencecaseStudyPhase2004:3GPPworkshoponUTRANLongTermEvolution03/2005Startofthestudy12/2005MultipleAccessselected03/2006eNB/Corefunctionalsplitselected09/2006closeofthestudyitem&approvalofworkplanRelease8Stage3Output06/2008baseline09/2008baselineMajorPHYupdates.12/2008baselineMajorMACupdates.03/2009baselineMajorL3updates.ASN.1forRRC.LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第5頁。LTEKeyTechnologyLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第6頁。TheBeautiesofLTEChannelonlychangesamplitudeandphaseofsubcarriersFastLinkAdaptationduetochannelbehaviourShortTTI=1msTransmissiontimeintervalAdvancedSchedulingTime&Freq.(FrequencySelectiveScheduling)TXRXTxRxMIMO

ChannelDL:OFDMAUL:SC-FDMAscalableHARQ:Hybrid

AutomaticRepeatRequest64QAM

Modulation1221NACKACKRxBufferCombined

decodingLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第7頁。LTEArchitectureLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第8頁。

OurKeyArchitecturalConcept

FlatandCosteffectiveMobileNetworkGSM/EDGE/UMTS/HSPAAccessCoreControlW-CDMABTSRNCIMSHLR/HSSLTE/SAEShiftoffunctionality2G

BTSBSCMSCMGWSGSNGGSNLTEBTS

(eNodeB)MME

SAE-GWMGWFromCStoPSdomain(VoIP),splitoffunctionsbetweeneNodeB&aGWInterworking,smoothmigration,servicecontinuityandinvestmentprotectionLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第9頁。LTESystemArchitectureLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第10頁。ControlPlaneUserPlaneProtocolStacksMACL2eNBS1RLCPHYPHYeUEeUuL1aGWL2L1IPIPUDPUDPGTP-UGTP-UPDCPMACRLCPDCPL2X2L1eNBL2L1IPIPUDPUDPGTP-UGTP-UeNBMACL2eNBS1RLCPHYPHYeUEeUuL1MMEL2L1IPIPSCTPSCTPS1-APS1-APPDCPMACRLCPDCPRRCRRCNASNASL2X2L1L2L1IPIPSCTPSCTPX2-APX2-APeNBeNBLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第11頁。LTEPhysicalLayerLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第12頁。FunctionalityofPhysicalLayerDataTransferviaTransportChannels.ErrorDetection.HybridARQCombining.ChannelCodingandRateMatching.ModulationandDemodulation.Measurements.MIMO,TransmitDiversity,Beamforming.RFProcessing.LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第13頁。OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing25.892Figure1:Frequency-TimeRepresentationofanOFDMSignalOFDMisadigitalmulti-carriermodulationscheme,whichusesalargenumberofclosely-spacedorthogonalsub-carriers.Eachsub-carrierismodulatedwithaconventionalmodulationscheme(suchasQPSK,16QAM,64QAM)atalowsymbolratesimilartoconventionalsingle-carriermodulationschemesinthesamebandwidth.LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第14頁。LTERadioprinciples

PowerefficientuplinkincreasingbatterylifetimeImprovedcelledgeperformancebylowpeaktoaverageratioReducedTerminalcomplexityUplink:SC-FDMAEnablingpeakcelldataratesof173MbpsDLand58MbpsinUL*Scalablebandwidth:1.4/3/5/10/15/20MHzalsoallowsdeployment

inlowerfrequencybands(ruralcoverage,refarming)Shortlatency:10–20ms**

ImprovedspectralefficiencyReducedinterferenceVerywellsuitedforMIMODownlink:OFDMA*At20MHzbandwidth,FDD,2Tx,2Rx,DLMIMO,PHYlayergrossbitrate**roundtrippingdelay(servernearRAN)LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第15頁。downlinkOFMDDownlink&SC-FDMAUplink-TDDTimingSC-FDMA:PRB‘saregroupedtobringdownPeaktoAveragePowerRatio(PAPR)>betterpowerefficiencyattheterminal1.4MHz=72Tones20MHz=1200TonesSubchannels/Tones(each15kHz)time1TTI=1ms1PRB(PhysicalResourceBlock)=12Subcarriers=180kHz1PRB=2Slots=2*0.5msUser1User2User3User..uplinkdownlinkSpecialsubframecontainingguardperiod(switchingfromDL->UL)LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第16頁。PhysicalLayerdefinitions–TS36.211

FrameStructure(DL)–Slot/FrameNsymbDLOFDMsymbols(=7OFDMsymbols@NormalCP)CyclicPrefix1602048144204814420481442048144204814420481442048(xTs)1slot=15360102345610234560123456P-SCHS-SCHPBCHPDCCHReferenceSignal1frame1sub-frame1slot#0#1#8#2#3#4#5#6#7#9#10#11#12#19#13#14#15#16#17#18Ts=1/(15000x2048)=32.552nsecConfigurationCPlengthGuardintervalFStype1FStype2NormalCP?f=15kHz160(#0)512(#8slot#0)

224otherwise0(slot#)

288otherwise144(#1..#6)ExtendedCP?f=15kHz512(#0..5)768(#7slot#0)

512otherwise0(slot#)

288otherwise?f=7.5kHz1024(#0..#2)1280(#3slot#0)

1024otherwise-----LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第17頁。Ts=1/(15000x2048)=32.552nsec

Ts:TimeclockunitfordefinitionsFrameStructuretype2(TDD)DwPTS,T(variable)Oneradioframe,Tf=307200xTs=10msOnehalf-frame,153600xTs=5ms#0#2#3#4#5Onesubframe,30720xTs=1msGuardperiod,T(variable)UpPTS,Ｔ(variable)Oneslot,

Tslot=15360xTs=0.5ms#7#8#9For5msswitch-pointperiodicityFor10msswitch-pointperiodicityLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第18頁。LTELayer2/3LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第19頁。UserPlaneLTEprotocolstacksPDCPUERLCMACPhysicalLayerPDCPeNodeBRLCMACPhysicalLayerLTELayer2Layer2protocols(=MAC&RLC)terminateinBTS(eNodeB)AlsoPDCP(PacketDataConvergenceProtocol)terminatesineNodeBPDCPincludesIPheadercompressionandcipheringLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第20頁。FunctionalityofL2Layer(MAC,RLC,PDCP)MACDataTransferviaLogicalChannels.MultiplexingLogicalChannelsandmappingtoTransportChannels.SchedulingandRadioResourceAllocationbetweenUEsandbetweenLogicalChannels.TransportFormatSelection.HybridARQProtocol.LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第21頁。FunctionalityofL2Layer(MAC,RLC,PDCP)RLCTM,UM,AMDataTransfer.

AutomaticRepeatRequest(ARQ)Protocol.Concatenation,Segmentation,Re-segmentation.In-SequenceDelivery.DuplicateDetection.LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第22頁。FunctionalityofL2Layer(MAC,RLC,PDCP)PDCPDataTransferforUserandControlPlane.HeaderCompression.Ciphering.IntegrityProtection.SequenceNumbering.In-SequenceDeliveryduringHO.DuplicateDetection.LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第23頁。LTELayer3(RRC)ControlPlaneLTEprotocolstacksRRCUERLCMACPhysicalLayerRRCeNodeBRLCMACPhysicalLayerRadioResourceControl(RRC)signalingisalsoterminatedineNodeB(comparedtoRNCinWCDMA)Oneoftheenablersfortheflatmodelisthelackofmacro-diversityRRChandlesBroadcast,Paging,RRCconnectionmanagement,MobilitymanagementsandUEmeasurementsLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第24頁。LTEPeakBitRatesLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第25頁。DownlinkPeakBitRate2x2MIMO64QAMPilotsymbols1outof14Referencesymboloverhead7.7%Result:172Mbpsin20MHzand86Mbpsin10MHzLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第26頁。UplinkPeakBitRateSinglestreamtransmission16QAMPilotsymbols1outof1457Mbpsin20MHzand28Mbpsin10MHzLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第27頁。SpectralEfficiencyLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第28頁。FrequencyReuseOneinLTELTEisdesignedforfrequencyreuseofonenofrequencyplanningrequiredInter-siteinterferencecoordinationispossiblebyexchangingloadinformationoverX2interface=softfrequencyreuseCurrentsimulationsshownoclearperformancegainsindownlinkfrominter-siteinterferencecoordinationSomeperformancepotentialinuplinkbyexchangingoverloadindicatorinformationX2X2LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第29頁。KeyFeaturesforLTEDownlinkSpectralEfficiencyComparedtoHSPAR6Inter-cellinterferencerejectioncombiningorcancellationMIMO=combineduseof2txand2rxantennasFrequencydomainpacketscheduling+10%+20%+40%Totalgainupto3.1xOFDMwithfrequencydomainequalization+20..70%ComparedtosingleantennaBTStxand2-rxterminalNotfeasibleinHSPAduetocdmamodulationPossiblealsoinHSPAbutbetterperformanceinOFDMsolutionDuetoorthogonality3GPPR7bringsequalizerandMIMOalsotoHSPALTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第30頁。VoiceevolutioninLTE/SAELTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第31頁。PotentialvoiceevolutionstepsinLTELTEusedforhighspeedpacketdataaccessonlyOperatorvoiceserviceprovidedoverCSnetworkFallbacktoCSvoiceLTEnetworkisusedfordataonlyTerminalissimultaneouslyregisteredtobothLTEand2G/3GCSnetworkVoicecallsareinitiatedandreceivedoverCSnetworkSingleradioVoiceCallContinuity(VCC)OperatorprovidesVoIPoverLTEIMSactsascontrolmachineryVoicecallscanbehandedovertoCSnetworkAll-IPnetworkOperatorprovidesVoIPoverLTEIMSactsascontrolmachineryVoicecallscanbehandedovertootherpacketswitchednetworksLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第32頁。SingleRadioVoiceCallContinuity(SRVCC)

LTEprimaryVoIPserviceprovidedviaIMS/NVSAll-IPnetworkLTEvoiceevolutionFallbacktoCSwhenprimaryvoiceneededLTEusedforhighspeedpacketdataaccessonly

PrimaryvoiceserviceprovidedoverCSnetworkInternet2G/3Gradio

networkLTEradio

networkMMESAEGWLaptopwith

LTEdatacard2G/3G

terminalMSCServerSystemCSvoiceDataOperatorIPnetworkOptionally:ComplementaryVoIPviaIMS/NVSandPC-clientIMS/

NVSOperatorVoIP

complementary

VoIPservice+PC-client(NCS)(compl.VoIP)Optionally:ComplementaryVoIPviaIMS/NVSInternet2G/3GCS

networkLTEradio

networkMMESAEGWLTEpswith

capableMSCServerSystemCSvoiceDataOperatorIPnetworkSGsIMS/

NVSOperatorVoIP

complementary

VoIPservice(compl.VoIP)LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第33頁。NokiaSiemensNetworksLTELTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第34頁。Threesectorsitesolution1+1+1MultimodeSystemModule3-sectorRFModule

3x60WMultimodeHWavailablesince

Q3/2008andSW-upgradeable

toLTE!MultimodeSystemModule3-sectorRFModuleCompleteOutdoorBTS(DCpowered)Size: 6UhighVolume: 50litersWeight: <50kgThemostcostandsizeoptimized

3-sectorsiteFlexiMultiradioBTSSiteSizeComparisonLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第35頁。FlexiMultimodeSystemModule

Features,characteristicsandcapabilitiesFlexiMultimodeSystemModuleOutdoorcapable,lowvolume,lowweightMaturemultimodeHWforfielddeploymentIntegratedBaseband,BTSControlandTransportOpticalinterfaces(OBSAI)toRFModulesImportantpartofNokiaSiemensNetworks’globally

launched“GreenInitiative”forenvironmentalsustainability

(EnergyEfficiencysolution)Outdoorcapable-35…+55°C,IP55Volume:25litersWeight:<21kgCategoryPerformance/ProcessingPower(1SystemModule)LTEcapabilitiesUpto3cells@20MHzMIMOcapabilities2x2MIMOWCDMAcapabilitiesUpto~750ChannelElements(3+3+3)LTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第36頁。FlexiTransportModulesFlexiMultimodeSystemModulewithFlexiTransport(Sub)ModuleMultipletransportoptions2xGEelectrical+1xGEoptical/electricalviaSFPmoduleGEoptical/electricalviaSFPmoduleFTHAFTLB3xGE1)+4xE1/T1/JT1symm.(coaxialviapatchpanel)High-capacity(2Gbit/sIPSec)ToP,SyncEthernet16xE1/T1/JT1symmetrical (coaxialviapatchpanel)FTIBFTJA2xFE,1xGE2)4xE1coaxial2xGE1)+4xE1/T1/JT1symm.(coaxialviapatchpanel)ToP(IEEE1588v2),SyncEthernetLTE介紹諾基亞西門子內部培訓資料全文共42頁，當前為第37頁。3-SectorRFModule-MultiradioFlexi3-SectorRFModulewith3x70Wpoweramplifiersdelivers3x60Wattheantennaconnector

ImprovedOPEX,electricityconsumptionis25%lowerthanpreviousgenerationRF3sectorsLTE(1+1+1)withoneRFModule20MHzbandwidthOutdoorIP65,-35…+55°C