預測卷03第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節,滿分40分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A（湖南省六校2021-2022學年高三聯考）Setattheentrancetobeautifulbaysandnaturalharbors,lighthouseshavepreventedshipsfromtouchingthegroundinshallowwaterforhundredsofyears.Sadly,however,manyofthemarenotneededbecauseofeffectiveonboardnavigational（導航的）systems.Astheyweredesignedtobevisible,lighthousesoftenbecomeverydistinctivelandmarks:theirshapesandcolorsstandoutagainstthesurroundinglandscapes.Consequently,theymakeforsomefantasticphotoopportunitiesandareusuallysetinimpressivespotsalongrockycoastlinesorwildseas.GalleLighthouseLocatedwithintheancientwallsofGalleFort,thelighthouseofthesamenamehasprotectedthesurroundingwaterseversinceitwasfirstbuiltin1848.WhileitistheoldestlighthouseinthewholeofSriLanka,thecurrentlighthouse'sblindinglybrightwhitewallsonlydatebackto1939,whenitwasrebuiltafteradevastatingfire.HerculesTowerLighthouseEversincethesecondcenturyAD,HerculesTowerLighthousehaswatchedoutoverSpain'sNorthAtlanticcoastline.Thisremarkablymakesitoneoftheveryfewoldestlighthousesstillinoperationtoday.SuchisitsagethatitisbelievedtohavebeenmodeledaftertheLighthouseofAlexandria—oneoftheSevenWondersoftheAncientWorld.BigRedLighthouseStandingproudlyatthesouthsideoftheHollandChannel,BigRedLighthousepresentsastrikingredappearancetoincreaseitsvisibilityinthedaytime.AnotherunusualqualityofBigRedisthattherarelighthousewatchesovertwobodiesofwater—LakeMacatawaandLakeMichigan.1．Whoareprobablythefansoflighthousesnowadays?A．Photographers.B．Historians.C．Sailors.D．Scientists.2．Whichofthefollowingiscurrentlyusedfornavigation?A．GalleLighthouse.B．TheLighthouseofAlexandria.C．BigRedLighthouse.D．HerculesTowerLighthouse.3．WhatisspecialaboutBigRedLighthouse?A．Ithasthesamenameastheancientwalls.B．ItbordersLakeMacatawaandLakeMichigan.C．Itgivesoffredlighttoincreaseitsvisibility.D．Itismodeledaftertheancientwonder.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了三個著名的燈塔。1.【解析】細節理解題。根據第一段中的“theirshapesandcolorsstandoutagainstthesurroundinglandscapes.Consequently,theymakeforsomefantasticphotoopportunitiesandareusuallysetinimpressivespotsalongrockycoastlinesorwildseas.（它們的形狀和顏色與周圍的景觀相映成趣。因此，它們提供了一些極好的拍照機會，通常設置在巖石海岸線或野生海洋令人印象深刻的地點）”可知，燈塔的導航作用越來越被弱化，因其醒目的顏色和形狀備受攝影愛好者青睞，故選A。【解析】細節理解題。根據第三段中的“EversincethesecondcenturyAD,HerculesTowerLighthousehaswatchedoutoverSpain'sNorthAtlanticcoastline.Thisremarkablymakesitoneoftheveryfewoldestlighthousesstillinoperationtoday.（自公元二世紀以來，HerculesTowerLighthouse一直守護著西班牙的北大西洋海岸線。這使它成為今天仍在運行的為數不多的最古老的燈塔之一）”可知，HerculesTowerLighthouse是為數不多仍用于導航的燈塔。故選D。【解析】細節理解題。根據第四段中的“AnotherunusualqualityofBigRedisthattherarelighthousewatchesovertwobodiesofwater—LakeMacatawaandLakeMichigan.（BigRed的另一個不同尋常的特點是，罕見的燈塔監視著馬卡塔瓦湖和密歇根湖）”可知，BigRed瀕臨兩大湖。故選B。B（湖南師范大學附屬中學2021-2022學年高三聯考）The67-year-oldShandongProvincenative,GeYuxiu,haslivedinQinghaiProvincefor51years.Foralmosthalfthattime,hehasbeenontheQinghai-TibetPlateau,wherehehasdevotedhislifetophotographingandprotectingwildanimals.Despiteserioushearttrouble,Geisdeterminedtostayonthehigh-altitudePlateauandcontinuetodosomethingtohelpprotectwildlifeinthearea.Ge'senthusiasmforphotographygrewafterhisphotoofsoldiersreadingnewswrittenonablackboardwaspublishedinQinghaiDailyin1979.HeprobablywouldneverhaveturnedtophotographingwildanimalswithoutavisittoBirdIslandinQinghaiLakein1995,afterhehadretiredfromthearmyandhadbegunworkinginthefinancialsector.Coveringlessthanhalfasquarekilometer,theislandishometoover100,000migratorybirds."Ibecameaddictedtothebirdkingdom,"Gesaid,addingthathehassofarvisitedtheislandmorethan200timestotakephotos.HeneverexpectedthathisattractiontotheislandwouldtiehisdestinywithPrzewalski'sgazelle（普氏原羚）,arelativelysmall,slenderantelopeendemic（特有的）toChina.Gewenttotheislandinlate1997totakephotosofswanswhenhesawsevenyellowish-brownanimalsrunningacrossthegrass-lands,inaline.Onhearingoneofhiscompanionsshouting"Przewalski'sgazelle",hetookouthiscameraandtookphotosofthem.Hewaslatertoldbywildlifeconservationexpertsthathehadcapturedtheworld'sfirstimageofthiskindofantelope."Iwassoexcitedtohearthat,"hesaid.Hisexcitement,however,soongavewaytoanxietyafterhelearnedabouttheanimal'sendangeredstatus.OnlyfoundaroundQinghaiLake,therewerejust300ofthemsurvivinginthewildatthetime.TheincidentbecameaturningpointinGe'sphotographycareer,ashedecidedtodevotehiseffortstosavingthegazelleandotherendangeredanimals.Heoftenspenttimeinthewildobservingthegazelleandoccasionallyvisitedlocalherdsmentolearnwhattheyknewabouttheanimal.Thankstojointefforts,thepopulationofPrzewalski'sgazellehasnowincreasedtoabout2,700.4．WhatareGe'sphotosmainlyabout?A．Rareplants.B．Wildanimals.C．Beautifulscenery.D．Extremeweather.5．Gebecamemoreenthusiasticaboutphotographyafter.A．hearrivedattheQinghai-TibetPlateauB．hevisitedBirdIslandinQinghaiLakeC．oneofhisphotoswaspublishedinQinghaiDailyD．helearnedaboutthewildanimals'endangeredstatus6．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeGe?A．Honestandsilent.B．Calmandgenerous.C．Persistentandresponsible.D．Outspokenandpositive.7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AphotographyloverB．AbravesoldierC．AdevotedresearcherD．Awildlifeguardian【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.D【解析】本文是記敘文。文章介紹了從士兵到野生動物攝影師的葛玉修如何從青海湖鳥島攝影開始走上高原生態環保之路的故事。【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第一段中“Foralmosthalfthattime,hehasbeenontheQinghai-TibetPlateau,wherehehasdevotedhislifetophotographingandprotectingwildanimals.（近一半的時間，他都在青藏高原，在那里他奉獻了自己的一生，拍攝和保護野生動物。）”可知，葛的照片主要是關于野生動物。故選B。【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第三段中“Ge'senthusiasmforphotographygrewafterhisphotoofsoldiersreadingnewswrittenonablackboardwaspublishedinQinghaiDailyin1979.（1979年，他拍攝的士兵讀黑板上的新聞的照片被刊登在《青海日報》上，此后，他對攝影的熱情開始高漲。）”可知，1979年，他拍攝的戰士讀黑板報的照片在《青海日報》上發表后，他對攝影的熱情與日俱增。故選C。【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段中“Foralmosthalfthattime,hehasbeenontheQinghai-TibetPlateau,wherehehasdevotedhislifetophotographingandprotectingwildanimals.（近一半的時間，他都在青藏高原，在那里他奉獻了自己的一生，拍攝和保護野生動物。）”以及第六段中的“Hisexcitement,...ashedecidedtodevotehiseffortstosavingthegazelleandotherendangeredanimals.Heoftenspenttime...tolearnwhattheyknewabouttheanimal.（然而，當他得知這只動物瀕臨滅絕時，他的興奮很快就被焦慮所取代。僅在青海湖附近發現，當時只有300只在野外存活。這一事件成為葛輝攝影生涯的轉折點，他決定致力于拯救瞪羚和其他瀕危動物。他經常花時間在野外觀察瞪羚，偶爾拜訪當地牧民，了解他們對這種動物的了解。）”可知，葛對攝影和保護野生動物的堅持以及對高原生態環保有責任感。故選C。7．【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了攝影師葛玉修從愛好攝影到轉變成通過攝影積極宣傳、呼吁、踐行高原瀕危動物生態環保的故事。根據倒數第二段中的“TheincidentbecameaturningpointinGe'sphotographycareer,ashedecidedtodevotehiseffortstosavingthegazelleandotherendangeredanimals.Heoftenspenttimeinthewildobservingthegazelleandoccasionallyvisitedlocalherdsmentolearnwhattheyknewabouttheanimal.（這一事件成為葛輝攝影生涯的轉折點，他決定致力于拯救瞪羚和其他瀕危動物。他經常花時間在野外觀察瞪羚，偶爾拜訪當地牧民，了解他們對這種動物的了解。）”可以看出，葛玉修是一位愛好攝影的高原野生動物環保衛士。故選D。C（安徽省六校教育研究會2021-2022學年高三聯考）Itisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effectthatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundings.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingwatchfulenoughtoavoidpredators.Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity'sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants'brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheresoftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeepsofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingwatchfultokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.8．Whatdidtheresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthe“first-night”effect?A．Towhatdegreeitcantroublepeople.B．Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.C．Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.D．Whatcircumstancesmayleadtoit.9．WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?A．Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainwatchfulwhileasleep.B．Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.C．ShegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphinsD．Sheconductedstudiesonbirds'anddolphins'sleepingpatterns.10．WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?A．Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.B．Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.C．Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.D．Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.11．Whichsectionofamagazineisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Science.B．Entertainment.C．Culture.D．Adventure.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了心理學家們將人們睡在陌生的床上通常無法入睡的現象稱為“第一晚”效應，文章內容對睡眠環境和研究者的調查與結論進行了闡述。【解析】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.（問題是，當第二天的性能可能受到影響時，能從中獲得什么好處）”可知，研究人員對“第一晚”效應感到困惑的是“從什么方面來說是有益的。”故選B。【解析】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingwatchfulenoughtoavoidpredators.Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.（她還從之前對鳥類和海豚進行的研究中知道，這些動物每次會讓一半的大腦進入睡眠狀態，這樣它們就可以在休息的同時保持足夠的警惕以避免捕食者。這讓她懷疑人們是否也在做同樣的事情）”可知，佐佐木由香博士的研究從之前對鳥類和海豚的研究中得到了一些想法。故選C。【解析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingwatchfultokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.（她發現，如果左半側大腦在一個陌生的環境中保持警惕，那么它會對不規則的嗶嗶聲做出反應，把人們從睡眠中喚醒，并忽略有規律時間的嗶嗶聲。這正是她的發現）”可推知，Sasaki博士在她的實驗參與者身上發現他們傾向于認為不規則的嗶嗶聲是一種威脅。故選Bo【解析】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Itisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effectthatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundings.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.（這是一種被稱為“第一晚”效應的現象，人們經常會在陌生的環境中換一張床睡不著。如果一個人第二天晚上呆在同一個房間里，他們往往會睡得更香。布朗大學的佐佐木由香和她的同事們開始研究這種效應的起源）”結合文章主要說明了心理學家們將人們睡在陌生的床上通常無法入睡的現象稱為“第一晚”效應，文章內容對睡眠環境和研究者的調查與結論進行了闡述。由此推知，文章可能來自雜志的“科學”部分。故選A。D（江西省重點中學協作體2021-2022學年高三聯考）Theworld'scoralreefsareinbadshape.Climatechangehasledtocoralwhitening.Overfishinghasdisturbedtheecosystemsthatkeepreefshealthy.Poisonousrunoffsfromhumanindustryaredestroyingthe“rainforestsofthesea.”Anewstudyhashighlightedanotherthreattocoralreefs：plastics.ResearchersanalyzedcoralsfromreefsinSoutheastAsiaandAustralia.Almosteverywheretheylooked,theysawbitsofplastic,includingchipwrappers,Q-tips,garbagebags.Theteamestimatesthatatleast11billionplasticitemsaretrappedincoralreefsintheAsia-Pacificandthatnumberisincreasingalarmingly.Thiscouldspelldisasterfortheworld'sreefs.Thelikelihoodofthecoralsdevelopingadiseasejumpsfrom4to89percentwhencoralscomeintocontactwithplastics.Furtherinvestigationsareneededtodeterminepreciselyhowandwhyplasticsmakecoralopentodifferentdiseases.Butitseemsthatplasticdebris（碎片）slicesopentheskinofthecorals,exposingthemtobacteria.“Plasticdebriscancausedamagetocoraltissuesbyacceleratinginvasionofbacteriaorbyexhaustingresourcesforimmunesystemfunctionduringwound-healingprocesses,”theauthorsofthestudywrite.DrewHarvell,co-authorofthestudy,saysthatplasticsalso“shadethelightcoralneedsandcutoffwaterflow.”Itisvitaltopreservethehealthofcoralreefsforanumberofreasons.Manymarinecreaturesmaketheirhomeswithinthereefs.Reefsalsoprotectcoastlinesfromwavesandtropicalstorms,supportfishingindustriesandgeneratebillionsofdollarsfortheworldwidetourismindustryeveryyear.Throughouttheresearch,scientistsnoticedthattheplasticsproblemwasnotevenlydistributed.ReefsnearIndonesiahadthehighestamountofplasticrubbish,whilereefsnearAustraliahadthelowest.ThiscouldbebecauseAustraliahasthebestwasteremovalsystem.Itsuggeststhatthereisarelativelyeasyfixtotheissue.“Wecancleanuptheproblem,”HarvelltoldFears.“It'ssomucheasierthanclimatechange.”12．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphreferto?A．coralreefsB．ecosystemsC．runoffsfromhumanindustryD．plastics13．Howcouldplasticsmakecoralreefsopentodiseases?A．Bycuttingoffthefoodsupply.B．Bybringingbacteriatothesea.C．Byspeedinguptheimmunesystemfunction.D．Byhurtingthefacialtissueandexposingthemtodiseases.14．WhyareIndonesiaandAustraliamentionedinthe7thparagraph?A．Toadvertiseforthewasteremovalsystem.B．Toshowoptimismaboutsolvingtheplasticsproblem.C．TopraisetheeffortsmadebytheAustraliangovernment.D．Toemphasizetheimportanceofdealingwithplasticsproblem.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ThreatstoCoralReefs.B．PlasticsEndangersCoralReefs.C．CoralReefsandClimateChange.D．ProtectingCoralReefsforOurFuture.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了塑料垃圾對珊瑚礁的不良影響。【解析】詞義猜測題。根據前文“Theworld'scoralreefsareinbadshape.Climatechangehasledtocoralwhitening.Overfishinghasdisturbedtheecosystemsthatkeepreefshealthy.”所述，“世界上的珊瑚礁處于糟糕的狀況。氣候導致了珊瑚礁白化。過度捕撈也擾亂了保持珊瑚礁健康的生態系統。”可知，后文中提到的“Poisonousrunoffsfromhumanindustryaredestroyingtherainforestsofthesea.”人類工業排放的有毒物質正在破壞的“海洋雨林”就是指珊瑚礁。故選A。【解析】細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Theteamestimatesthatatleast11billionplasticitemsaretrappedincoralreefsintheAsia-Pacificandthatnumberisincreasingalarmingly.Thiscouldspelldisasterfortheworld'sreefs.Thelikelihoodofthecoralsdevelopingadiseasejumpsfrom4to89percentwhencoralscomeintocontactwithplastics."（這個團隊發現當珊瑚礁接觸塑料時，他們患病的可能性從4%升到89%）及文章第五段““Plasticdebriscancausedamagetocoraltissuesbyacceleratinginvasionofbacteriaorbyexhaustingresourcesforimmunesystemfunctionduringwound-healingprocesses,”（塑料碎片會加速細菌的入侵，或者在傷口愈合過程中耗盡免疫系統的資源，從而對珊瑚組織造成損害。）”可知，塑料正是傷害珊瑚礁的面部組織讓他們容易感染疾病的。故選D。14．【解析】推理判斷題。根據第七段“ReefsnearIndonesiahadthehighestamountofplasticrubbish,whilereefsnearAustraliahadthelowest.ThiscouldbebecauseAustraliahasthebestwasteremovalsystem.Itsuggeststhatthereisarelativelyeasyfixtotheissue.（印度尼西亞附近的珊瑚礁有最多的塑料垃圾，而澳大利亞附近的珊瑚礁塑料垃圾最少。這可能是因為澳大利亞有最好的垃圾處理系統。這表明有一個相對簡單的方法來解決這個問題。）可知，文中所述的印度尼西亞附近的珊瑚礁有最多的塑料垃圾，而澳大利亞附近的珊瑚礁塑料垃圾最少是為了說明塑料問題是可以通過有效的垃圾處理措施解決的。故B正確。15．【解析】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Anewstudyhashighlightedanotherthreattocoralreefs：plastics”一項新的研究強調了珊瑚礁面臨的另一種威脅:塑料。因此，文章的標題“塑料危害珊瑚礁”為短文的最佳標題。故選B。第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（貴州省畢節市2021-2022學年高三診斷性考試）Yougotoagymtotrainyourmuscles.Yourunorhiketobuildyourendurance.16Trainingitcouldnotonlyspeedupyourmemoryrecall,butalsohelpyoulearnfaster.Trysomeofthefollowingbasicmethodstoworkyourmentalpowers.Sleep,itturnsout,isaveryimportantfactorwhenkeepingyourmindintip-topshape.Anylackofrestorrelaxation,andexcessivestresscanseriouslyreducetheefficiencyofyourbrainfunction.Thehumanbrainrequiresalargeamountofenergytofunction.17So,makesureyougetenoughshut-eye!Don'tunderestimate（低估）thepowerofreading.Readingcanimproveyourmind.Readingalsoimprovesyourgeneralknowledge,makingyoumorecapableofholdingconversationsandrelatingconcepts.18Whilethismightnotbepossibleforyou,youreallyshouldcarveouttimetoreadforatleastanhouraday.19Gettingintothehabitofconstantlytakingnotesorwritingdownthingsorideaseffectivelycreatesanextensionofyourmind.Bydailyrecordingyourthoughts,youwillenableyourselftothinkmoreclearlyandthoroughly.Oneofthoserandomthoughtscouldbeyourpathtofreedomandfortune.Achangeisasgoodasarest.Newexperiencesforceyourbraintogrownewpathways.20Yourdayswereaconstanttrialanderrorexercise.Eachandeveryexperiencestrengthenstheneural（神經的）pathwaysandmakesataskmucheasieruntilitbecomessecondnature.A．ApersistentlackofsleepalsocanreduceyourIQ.B．Listeningtomusicmakesyousmart.C．Butwhatcanyoudototrainyourbrain?D．Thinkaboutwhenyouwereasmallchild.E．Keepingadiarymightbeagoodideaforallofus.F．Gotoyourschoollibraryandstudymore.G．Itissaidthathighlysuccessfulpeopleread,onaverage,onebookaweek.【答案】16.C17.A18.G19.E20.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些鍛煉你腦力的基本方法。16【.解析】由下文“Trainingitcouldnotonlyspeedupyourmemoryrecall,butalsohelpyoulearnfaster.Trysomeofthefollowingbasicmethodstoworkyourmentalpowers.”（訓練它不僅可以加速你的記憶回憶，還可以幫助你學得更快。試試下面的一些基本方法來鍛煉你的腦力。）可知，此處指出訓練腦力的好處，結合空前'Yougotoagymtotrainyourmuscles.Yourunorhiketobuildyourendurance.”（你去健身房鍛煉你的肌肉，你跑步或者徒步來增強你的耐力。）可知，空前指出訓練耐力，空后指出訓練腦力的好處，由此可以推斷出，空處應該是指出要訓練腦力，C選項"Butwhatcanyoudototrainyourbrain?”（但是怎樣才能訓練你的大腦呢？）符合，引起下文，故選C。【解析】由下文"So,makesureyougetenoughshut-eye!”（所以，確保你有足夠的睡眠！）可知，空前指出人類的大腦需要足夠的能量，空后是結果，即我們要有足夠的睡眠，所以可以推斷出，空處應該和下文構成因果關系，說明睡眠的重要性，A選項"ApersistentlackofsleepalsocanreduceyourIQ."（長期睡眠不足也會降低你的智商。）符合，故選A。【解析】由下文"Whilethismightnotbepossibleforyou,youreallyshouldcarveouttimetoreadforatleastanhouraday."俚然這對你來說可能不可能，但你真的應該每天至少抽出一個小時來閱讀。）可知，此處指出你應該多讀書，由this可知，this具體指空處的內容，G選項"Itissaidthathighlysuccessfulpeopleread,onaverage,onebookaweek.”（據說成功人士平均每周讀一本書。）符合，與下文相呼應，故選G。【解析】分析全文可知，第二，三,四和五段，每段第一句話都是中心句，由下文"Gettingintothehabitofconstantlytakingnotesorwritingdownthingsorideaseffectivelycreatesanextensionofyourmind.Bydailyrecordingyourthoughts,youwillenableyourselftothinkmoreclearlyandthoroughly.Oneofthoserandomthoughtscouldbeyourpathtofreedomandfortune."（養成不斷做筆記或者寫下事情或者想法的習慣會有效地擴展你的思維。通過每天記錄你的想法，你可以讓自己思考得更清晰和徹底。其中一個隨機的想法，可能是你通往自由和財富的道路。）可知，本段主要講了要要養成每天都記錄生活習慣，E選項"Keepingadiarymightbeagoodideaforallofus.”（寫日記對我們來說是個好主意。）符合，故選E。【解析】由上文"Newexperiencesforceyourbraintogrownewpathways."（新的經歷迫使你的大腦產生新的通路。）和下文"Yourdayswereaconstanttrialanderrorexercise."（你的生活就是不斷的嘗試和失敗。）可知，空前指出新的經歷會使大腦產生新的通路，用得是一般現在時，空后用的是一般過去時，指出過去的經歷就是不斷的嘗試和失敗，由此可知，空處應該25．25．27．是以過去的日子為例來說明前文內容,D選項“Thinkaboutwhenyouwereasmallchild.”（想想你小時候。）符合，引起下文，故選D。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節,滿分45分）第一節完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分,滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。（安徽省馬鞍山市2022屆高三質量監測）Inmy“DaretoConnect"workshop,Iinstructedallmystudentstoparticipatefull-outintheirjobsforoneentireweek.Iaskedthemto“actasif”their21reallymadeadifferencetoeveryonearoundthem.Thekey22theyshouldbearinmindwas:IfIwerereallyimportanthere,whatwouldIbedoing?Peggy23theassignmentatthebeginning.Shehatedherjob.Eachdaywassufferingasshewatchedtheclock24movethrougheightpainfulhours.Withgreatskepticism,she25agreedtotryitforjustoneweek—to26100percenttoherjob,“asif”shereally27.Thefollowingweek,asIwatchedPeggywalkintotheroom,Icouldn'tbelievethe28inherenergylevel.With29inhervoice,shereported:“First,Istoppedcomplainingaboutthejobandstartedtousesomeplantsandpostersto30theoffice.IthenstartedtoreallypayattentiontothepeopleI31with.Ifsomeoneseemed32,IaskediftherewasanythingwrongandifIcouldhelp.Everyday,ImadealistofthingsIwantedto33Iwasreally34byhowmuchIcoulddoinadaywhenI35whatIwasdoing!Iputasignwiththatquestiononmydesk.AndeverytimeIstartedtofallbackintomy36patternsofboredomandcomplaining,the37remindedmewhatIwassupposedtobedoing.Thatreally38.”Whatadifferenceasimplequestionmadeinjustoneshort39!ItmadePeggyfeel40toeveryoneandeverythingaroundher.Shealsolearnedawaytotransformanyworkexperience.21．A．actionsB．observationsC．inventionsD．applications22．A．planB．questionC．wordD．information23．A．appreciatedB．completedC．resistedD．announced24．21．A．actionsB．observationsC．inventionsD．applications22．A．planB．questionC．wordD．information23．A．appreciatedB．completedC．resistedD．announced24．A．swiftlyB．carefullyC．pleasantlyD．slowlyA．previouslyB．finallyC．frequentlyD．instantly26．A．replyB．referC．objectD．commitA．quittedB．promisedC．fearedD．counted28．A．differenceB．dropC．testD．absence29．A．anxietyB．cautionC．excitementD．hate30．A．lockdownB．cleanupC．teardownD．brightenup31．A．danceB．partC．travelD．work32.A.unhappyB.amusedC.unfamiliarD.innocent33.A.mentionB.abandonC.accomplishD.postpone34.A.surprisedB.alarmedC.embarrassedD.depressed35.A.reliedonB.focusedonC.congratulatedonD.investedon36.A.activeB.currentC.initialD.healthy37.A.posterB.signC.clockD.plant38.A.rangB.stoppedC.helpedD.hurt39.A.hourB.weekC.monthD.term40.A.connectedB.sensitiveC.limitedD.strange【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.B26.D27.D28.A29.C30.D31.D32.A33.C34.A35.B36.C37.B38.C39.B40.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了佩吉討厭自己的工作，在作者的要求下，她最終同意嘗試一個星期——全身心投入工作，結果她真的有了很大變化，與身邊的每一個人、每一件事都產生了聯系。21．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我讓他們“表現得好像”他們的行為真的對他們周圍的人產生了影響。A.actions行為；B.observations觀察；C.inventions發明；D.applications應用。根據后文“reallymadeadifferencetoeveryonearoundthem"以及下文佩吉的例子，可知指讓他們“表現得好像”他們的行為真的對他們周圍的人產生了影響。故選A。22．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們應該牢記的關鍵問題是：如果我在這里真的很重要，我會做什么？A.plan計劃；B.question問題；C.word話語；D.information信息。根據后文“IfIwerereallyimportanthere,whatwouldIbedoing?"可知此處指關鍵問題，應用question。故選B。【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：佩吉一開始拒絕接受這項任務。A.appreciated感激；B.completed完成；C.resisted反抗；D.announced宣布。根據后文“Shehatedherjob."可知，佩吉一開始是拒絕接受這項任務的。故選C。【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：每天她都很痛苦，看著時鐘慢慢地走過痛苦的八個小時。A.swiftly迅速地；B.carefully仔細地；C.pleasantly愉快地；D.slowly緩慢地。根據后文“movethrougheightpainfulhours"可知因為佩吉不喜歡自己的工作，所以覺得時間過得很慢。故選D。【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：帶著極大的懷疑，她終于同意嘗試了一個星期——全身心投入工作，“好像”她真的有價值。A.previously以前；B.finally終于；C.frequently頻繁地;D.instantly立即。根據后文“agreedtotryitforjustoneweek"可知，佩吉一開始拒絕，后來終于同意嘗試一星期。故選B。26．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：帶著極大的懷疑，她終于嘗試了一個星期——全身心投入工作，“好像”她真的很重要。A.reply依賴；B.refer提至U；C.object反對；D.commit犯罪，投入。呼應上文“Iinstructedallmystudentstoparticipatefull-outintheirjobsforoneentireweek.”指要求佩吉全身心投入工作一周。故選D。27．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：帶著極大的懷疑，她終于嘗試了一個星期——全身心投入工作，“好像”她真的很重要。A.quitted停止；B.promised承諾；C.feared恐懼；D.counted計算，重要。呼應上文“IfIwerereallyimportanthere，指表現得自己很重要。故選D。28．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：接下來的一個星期，當我看著佩吉走進房間時，我簡直不敢相信她的精力水平有這么大的不同。A.difference差異；B.drop水滴；C.test測試；D.absence缺席。呼應后文“Whatadifferenceasimplequestionmadeinjustoneshort'扌旨佩吉的精力水平有了很大不同。故選A。【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她用激動的聲音說A.anxiety焦慮；B.caution謹慎；C.excitement激動；D.hate討厭。根據后文中“byhowmuchIcoulddoinaday"以及“whatIwasdoing!'佩吉描述自己的改變，可知她自己對這些變化是感到激動的。故選C。【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：首先，我停止抱怨工作，開始用一些植物和海報來照亮辦公室。A.lockdown封鎖；B.cleanup清理；C.teardown扯下；D.brightenup點亮。根據上文“startedtousesomeplantsandpostersto"可知佩吉用一些植物和海報來點亮辦公室。故選D。【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我開始真正關注和我一起工作的人。A.dance舞蹈；B.part部分；C.travel旅行；D.work工作。根據上文“IthenstartedtoreallypayattentiontothepeopleI”指佩吉開始關注和自己一起工作的人。故選D。【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果有人看起來不高興，我就會問是否有什么問題，是否需要我幫忙。A.unhappy不開心的；B.amused有趣的；C.unfamiliar不熟悉的；D.innocent無辜的。根據后文“IaskediftherewasanythingwrongandifIcouldhelp"可知詢問是否需要幫助是因為有人看起來不開心。故選A。【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每一天，我都把我想完成的事情列成清單。A.mention提及；B.abandon拋棄；C.accomplish完成；D.postpone推遲。根據后文“byhowmuchIcoulddo”可知，佩吉之前討厭自己的工作，如今驚訝于自己一天能夠做這么多事情，她的做法是把想完成的事情列成清單。故選Co【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我真的很驚訝，當我專注于我正在做的事情時，我一天能做這么多的事情！A.surprised驚訝的；B.alarmed擔憂的；C.embarrassed尷尬的；D.depressed沮喪的。根據后文“byhowmuchIcoulddoinaday"可知，佩吉不再拖延，驚訝于自己一天中能做這么多事情。故選Ao35．【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我真的很驚訝，當我專注于我正在做的事情時，我一天能做這么多的事情！A.reliedon依賴；B.focusedon集中于；C.congratulatedon祝賀；D.investedon投資。根據后文“whatIwasdoing”可知指專注于自己所做的事情。故選B。36．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每當我開始陷入無聊和抱怨的最初模式時，這個標志就會提醒我應該做什么。A.active活躍的；B.current目前的；C.initial最初的；D.healthy健康的。根據上文“AndeverytimeIstartedtofallbackintomy”可知，佩吉討厭自己的工作，所以這里指開始陷入無聊和抱怨的最初模式。故選Co37．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每當我開始陷入無聊和抱怨的最初模式時，這個標志就會提醒我應該做什么oA.poster海報；B.sign標志；C.clock時鐘；D.plant植物。呼應上文“Iputasignwiththatquestiononmydesk.，指提醒自己該做什么的標志。故選B。38.【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這真的有幫助。A.rang響起；B.stopped停止；C.helped幫助；D.hurt傷害。根據上文“remindedmewhatIwassupposedtobedoing"可知，標志提醒佩吉該做什么，佩吉也因此有了改變，所以這一做法是有幫助的。故選Co39．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一個簡單的問題在短短一周內就產生了多么大的變化啊！A.hour小時；B.week周；C.month月；D.term學期。呼應上文“agreedtotryitforjustoneweek"這一嘗試只持續了一周。故選B。40．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓佩吉覺得自己與身邊的每一個人、每一件事都有聯系。A.connected連接的，有聯系的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.limited有限的；D.strange奇怪的。根據后文“toeveryoneandeverythingaroundher"可知，佩吉認真投入工作，關注身邊的人，覺得自己與身邊的每一個人、每一件事都有聯系了。故選Ao第二節(共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。(河北省滄州市第一中學2021-2022學年高三)MiraclesareoccurringinnorthwestChinawherestretchesofdesertsareturninggreenwiththrivingtreesandluxuriousgrass.Decadesofeffortshaveresulted41victoryinthebattleagainstdesertificationandChinahasnotonlyachievedtheUNsustainabledevelopmentgoalofzeronetlanddegradationby2030wellaheadofschedule，butalsoreversed(逆轉)thetrendofdesertificationandsandification.Theecowarriorshavecomeupwithaseriesof42(success)practicestoenddesertification，likethefarmers'groupinMinqin,43countyinGansuProvince.Theirsuccessinfightingtheapproachofthedesertoffersimportantexperiencefordesertificationpreventionandtreatment.ItisalsotheChinese44(wise)forglobalecologicalmanagement.Chinahasthelargestdesertareaintheworld，withthelargestnumberofpeople45(expose)todesertsandsandstorms.Itishometoeightmajordesertsandfourmajorsandylands，whichcoverone46(five)ofitsterritory.Thewesternandnorthwesternpartsare47（serious）affectedbydesertification.Since1949，thegovernment48（give）prioritytothepreventionandcontrolofdeserts，49islistedasoneofthestrategicmissionsofthenation.Majorecologicalprojectshavebeencarriedouttogreenthecountry.TheGreatGreenWallisthebiggesttree-plantingprojectintheworld，50（create）agreenbarriertokeeptheencroachingdesertinthenorthatbay.【答案】41．in42．successful43．a44．wisdom45．exposed46．fifth47．seriously48．hasgiven49．which50．creating【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了中國在數十年間通過不斷努力，在防止沙漠化方面取得了顯著成就。41．【解析】考查介詞。句意：幾十年的努力取得了防治荒漠化斗爭的勝利，中國不僅大大提前實現了聯合國可持續發展目標2030年土地凈退化為零，而且扭轉了荒漠化和沙化的趨勢。“resultin”是固定搭配，意為“導致”，故填in。42．【解析】考查形容詞。句意：生態戰士們提出了一系列成功的實踐來結束荒漠化，比如甘肅省民勤縣的農民團體。修飾名詞practices（實踐），所以用形容詞successful（成功的）。故填successful。43．【解析】考查冠詞。句意：生態戰士們提出了一系列成功的實踐來結束荒漠化，比如甘肅省民勤縣的農民團體。泛指一個縣，要用不定冠詞，country是以輔音因素開頭，所以用不定冠詞a，acountyinGansuProvince作Minqin的同位語。故填a。【解析】考查名詞。句意：這也是中國人對全球生態管理的智慧。前面有定冠詞the,所以用名詞wisdom（智慧），表示抽象概念，為不可數名詞。故填wisdom。【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：中國有世界上最大的沙漠地區，接觸沙漠和沙塵暴的人數最多。expose和它所修飾的詞people之間是被動關系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。故填exposed.【解析】考查序數詞。句意：這里有八大沙漠和四大沙地，面積占國土面積的五分之一。表示分數是，分母用序數詞，分子用基數詞，onefifth意為“五