最近幾年，關于國家之間的貿易活動的爭論已經被明顯快速擴展的進口激化了。Inrecentyears,thedebate/argument/controversy/dispute/discussionabouttradeactivitiesbetweencountrieshasbeenintensified/stimulatedbyovertly/obviously/apparently/prominently/influentially/sharply/dramatically/considerablyrapidexpansion/extensionofimporting.由于健康和生活條件的改善，人類壽命快速延長，這是21世紀所有發(fā)達國家的一個特征。Therapidextensionofthelifespan,resultingfromimprovedhealthandlivingconditions,isafeature/characteristicofalldevelopedcountriesinthe21stcentury.Itisafeaturethatthelifespanhasbeenrapidlyextendeddueto/owingtoimproved/developedhealthandlivingconditions.媒體自由是否應該被限制是一個被激烈爭論的話題，支持者和反對者之間的爭論一直沒有平息。Itisahighly/fiercelydebatable/disputableissuewhetherfreedomofpress/mediashouldberestricted/limited/controlledandtheargumentbetweensupportersandopponentsremainsunsolved/hasnevercalmeddown.最近幾年，人們已經對不加控制的汽車尾氣排放的嚴重影響表示了關注。People,in/overrecentyears,haveshownconcernon/attachedimportance/emphasisto/paidattentionto/focusedonthedire/seriouseffects/influence/impacts/consequencesofincreased/uncontrolledcaremission（尾氣排放）.就市民個人是否應該獲得他們正在享受的醫(yī)療保健和教育服務而言，存在很大爭議。Thereisabigcontroversyover/about/on/upon/concerningindividualcitizens’entitlement/achievement/obtaining/acquiringtothehealth/medicalcareandeducationservicetheyareenjoying/experiencing.Itiswidely/commonlycontroversialthat…隨著世紀的不斷推移，女性權益和女性在當今社會的角色已經得到更大的重視。Withtheprogress/advancementofcenturies,/Asthecenturyprogresses,agreateremphasishasbeenplacedonwomen’srightandtheirrolesintoday’s/recent/current/contemporarysociety.對于很多教育者而言，如何將聰明學生的才華開發(fā)到極限是一個有趣的問題。Formanyeducators,itisaninterestingissue/topicabouthowtoexplore/tap/developintelligentstudents’talents/giftstotheutmost/limit.在這幾年里，沒有什么話題可以像圍繞保護動物的爭論那樣吸引如此之多的注意。Noissue,inrecentyears,hasdrawn/attracted/arousedasmuchattention/concernasthedebatesurrounding/aroundanimalprotection.在過去大約20年的時間里，貧富之間的差距這一話題受到無休止的爭論。Forthelasttwodecadesapproximately/roughly/orso,theissueofthedivide/gapbetweentherichandthepoorhasbeendebatedendlessly/ever-lastingly/enduringly/continuously/sustainably.電視暴力是否導致現實生活中的暴力行為這一問題是許多研究的主題。Thequestionofwhetherornotviolenceontelevisionleadsto/resultsin/accountsfor/causesviolentbehaviorinreallifehasbeenthetopic/theme/thesis/issueofnumerousstudies/researches.在最近幾年里，體育運動員和藝人高收入的持續(xù)曝光已經引起社會上對這些名人價值的新的討論。Inrecentyears,theongoing/continuousdisclosure/exposureofthehighincomeofsportsmen/athletesandentertainers/celebritieshasarousedanewdiscussiononthevalueofthosefamouspeople/figures/personalities.與此相反的意見是動物保護是耗費時間和徒勞無益的。Thecounter-argument/contrary/converseargument/objectionisthatanimalprotectionistime-consuminganduseless/unrewarding.我認為藝術的角色是不可或缺的，雖然它對社會的影響并不總是顯而易見的。Itismyconsideration/opinion/conception/thought/perceptionthattheroleofartisnecessary/essential/indispensable,althoughitsimpactonoursocietyisnotalwaysobvious/apparent/noticeable/conspicuous/prominent/influential.我認為，環(huán)境保護是我們保持經濟持續(xù)發(fā)展所做努力的主要部分。Frommypointofview,environmentalprotectionisacentral/main/major/chiefpartofourefforttokeeptheeconomicdevelopmentsustainable/continuous/ever-lasting/endless/enduring.我認為在那些最需要解決的問題上花更多的人力、物力，這是很明顯的。Inmyopinion,itisclear/true/obviousthatmoremanpower/laborandmaterialshouldbespentontheproblemswhichmostneed/demandsolutions/recommendations.我認為政府比公司更有可能減少或者避免一些在科學研究中不道德的行為。Itendtothinkthatthegovernmentismorelikely/probable/possiblethancompaniestoreduceoravoidimmoral/unethicalpractices/behaviorsinscientificresearch.就個人來說，我覺得關于工業(yè)化是好是壞、是福是禍的爭論是不會有結果的。Personally,disputesaboutwhetherindustrializationisgoodorbad,ablessingoracursearefruitless/resultless.我覺得私人企業(yè)和政府之間的合作關系可以產生理想的效果。Iwouldarguethatapartnership/cooperatingrelationshipbetweenprivateenterpriseandthegovernmentcancreate/produceadesired/dreaming/idealizedresult/effect.我支持培訓孩子的獨立意識是老師和父母的基本任務之一這一觀點。Isubscribeto/support/aminfavorofanopinion/notion/idea/perception/conceptionthatcultivating/trainingchildren’ssense/awarenessofindependenceisoneofthebasic/fundamentaltasksofparentsandteachers.這篇短文的目的是描述一些導致女性在高等教育中比例過低的因素。Thepurposeofthisessayistodescribesomefactors/elementsleadingtolowpercentageoffemalesinhigher/advanced/tertiaryeducation.我將從以下幾個方面討論參與全球貿易的好處和壞處。Thisessaywillcompareandcontrastthebenefitsandrisksofparticipatinginglobaltrading.沒有足夠的證據證明基因在一個人的成長或行為上占據最重要地位。Thereislittleevidencetoprove/supportthatgeneticsplaythemostimportantroleinthegrowth/outcomeorbehaviorofanindividual.一個人的犯罪行為有可能是他們的基因背景和成長環(huán)境的共同結果，這樣的結論是很明顯的。Itisobvioustoreachtheconclusionthatanindividual’scriminalbehaviorcanbetheresultofboththeirgeneticbackgroundandtheenvironmentinwhichtheygrewup/wereraised.根據給出的理由，我深信嚴厲的刑獄對于那些潛在的罪犯是有效的震懾工具。Accordingtothegivenreasons,Iamconvincedthattougher/severeimprisonmentmayserveasadeterrent/threateningmeanstothepotentialcrimes/offenders.工業(yè)空氣污染，尤其是那些發(fā)展中國家的工業(yè)空氣污染，不僅對周圍的環(huán)境非常有害，而且對本國的居住者也有害。Industrialairpollutionespeciallythatofthedevelopingnations,isextremely/considerablyharmfulnotonlytothesurroundingenvironment,butalsototheresidents/inhabitantsofthatcountryaswell.現代廣告業(yè)是都市工業(yè)文明的核心部分，反映了當代生活最好和最壞的方面。Modernadvertisingindustryisacore/centralpartofurbanindustrialcivilization,reflecting/mirroringthebestandworstaspectsofcontemporarylife.在建筑外觀上，設計師很容易與建筑的業(yè)主以及未來租戶想法不一致。Regarding/concerningthelook/appearanceofabuilding,thedesignersmayeasilydisagreewiththeownersofthebuildingandthefuturetenants.人口的老齡化和出生率的降低給國內就業(yè)市場帶來了嚴重的問題。Anagingpopulationandadecliningbirthrateconstituteaseriousproblemforthedomesticemploymentmarket.高等教育如今是終身教育的核心部分和知識社會的基礎。Nowadaystertiary/advanced/highereducationisacentralpartoflifelonglearningandabasisofknowledgesociety.大部分的醫(yī)藥發(fā)展，包括移植技術、癌癥治療、對心臟病的了解和控制，或多或少都基于動物的實驗。Mostofmedicalprogresses,includingorgantransplanttechniques,cancertreatment/therapyandbetterunderstandingandcontrolofheartdiseases,aremoreorless/tosomeextentdueto/owingto/basedonanimalexperiments.作為房屋短缺的一個直接后果，過度擁擠已經成為最嚴重的社會問題之一。Overcrowdinghasbecomeoneofthemostserioussocialproblemsasadirectresultofhousingshortages.老師的使命之一是幫助學生開拓新的視角并為實現社會和學術目標而努力。Onemissionofteachersistohelpstudentstodevelop/broadennewhorizons/vision/perspectivesandtostrive/struggleforachieving/realizingsocialandacademicgoals.政府對藝術、娛樂、新聞或者信息內容上的控制與言論自由的原則在根本上是沖突的。Government’scontroloverthecontentofart,entertainment,news,orinformationconflictswithprinciplesoffreedomofspeech.改進健康保健系統(tǒng)的措施包括在城市建立低成本的醫(yī)院以及為整個人口提供健康保險。Measurestoimprovethehealthcaresystemincludebuildinglow-costhospitalsincitiesandprovidinghealthcareinsurancetothewholepopulation.一個國家的健康醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)不完善反映這個國家的一些大問題——貧富之間、城鄉(xiāng)之間的差距不斷加大，政府部門的透明度和效率不高。Acountry’simperfecthealthcaresystemreflectsitsseriousproblems—theever-increasingdividebetweentherichandthepoor,thecityandcountryside,thelowtransparencyandinefficiencyofgovernmentdepartments.除了功能上的特點，設計師還考慮視覺上的吸引力，努力增加工業(yè)產品的可銷售性。Beyond/besidesprovidingfunctionalcharacteristics,designersalsoconsidervisualappeals,inanefforttoimprovethemarketabilityofindustrialproducts.許多學習有困難的小孩都會失去上課的熱情，因為他們在成績好的同學中感到無助。Manychildrenwithlearningdifficultiescaneasilylosetheirenthusiasmforclassroomwork,becauseoffeelinghopelessamongtheirhigh-achievingclassmates.和生活方式相關的疾病，比如糖尿病和心臟病，給健康醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)造成了前所未有的壓力。Lifestyle-relateddiseases,suchasdiabetesandheartdiseases,haveplacedanunprecedentedstrainonhealthcaresystems.科技的發(fā)展可以使我們更有效率地使用自然資源以及維持經濟增長。Technologicaladvancescanleadtomoreefficientusesofnaturalresourcesandsustaineconomicgrowth.通過收取賦稅和路費，政府可以使私人和公共交通之間達到平衡。Bytaxesandtolls,thegovernmentcanensureabalancebetweenprivateandpublictransport.一般來說，來自破碎家庭的小孩和青少年社會交往能力比較差、缺乏自尊心而且比較壓抑。Generally/Ingeneral,childrenandteenagersfrombrokenfamilieshavepoorersocialskills,lowerself-esteem,andhigherlevelsofdepression.很多人并不將他們的成功歸結于正式教育，而是自學、渴望成功的動力以及其他因素。Manypeopleowetheirsuccessnottoformalschoolingbuttoself-education,adrivingforceforachievementandotherfactors.考慮到鄉(xiāng)村政府的財政能力有限以及鄉(xiāng)村貧困人口龐大，政府必須在健康醫(yī)療方面加大投入。Consideringthelimitedfinancialcapacitiesofruralauthoritiesandthelargenumberofruralpoor,asignificantincreaseingovernmentspendingonhealthcareisrequired.很多人認為城市擴張是對當地環(huán)境以及生活質量的一個成長最快的威脅。Manypeopleconsiderurbansprawltobethefastestgrowingthreattotheirlocalenvironmentandqualityoflife.以電腦為基礎的課外項目可以讓小孩在閱讀、數學和計算機知識方面有收獲。Computer-basedafter-schoolprograms/activitiesallowchildrentoachievegainsinreading,mathematicsandcomputerknowledge.如果人口壽命延長的趨勢持續(xù)下去，那么社會保險和醫(yī)療的成本勢必增加。Thecostofsocialsecurityandmedicalcareisdoomedtomultiplyifthetrendtowardslifespanextensioncontinues.正如每一個人類活動有得有失一樣，擴展全球旅游業(yè)也有它的缺陷。Justasalmosteveryhumanactivityhascostsaswellasbenefits,therearesomedrawbacksinexpandingtheglobaltourismindustry.正如機器與工業(yè)化是不可分割的一樣，信息的快速傳遞是服務型經濟發(fā)展的中心。Justasmachineryisintegraltoindustrialization,therapidtransferofinformationiscentraltothedevelopmentofaserviceeconomy.汽車使出入市區(qū)變得容易和便宜，所以在都市居住已經失去了方便的優(yōu)勢。Sincetheautomobilehasmadetransportationtoandfromurbancenterseasyandinexpensive,urbanlivinghaslostthesuperiorityofconvenience.當森林和其他棲息地轉為住宅、商業(yè)或者農業(yè)用途的時候，野生動植物就消失了。Asforestsandotherhabitatsareconvertedtoresidential,commercialoragriculturalplaces/areas,wildplantsandanimalsvanish.自從電腦和因特網在九十年代早期成為主流之后，它在交流中的重要性和中心位置就變得牢不可破了。SincecomputersandtheInternetbecamethemainstreamintheearly1990s,itsimportanceandcentralityincommunicationhasbecomeunassailable/unalterable.英語對于世界上許多人來說將不再是一門外語，因為它被重新定位成一項基本技能。Englishwillnolonger/stop/ceasetobeaforeignlanguageformanypeopleoftheworldbecauseithasbeenrelocated/repositioned/redefinedasabasicskill.不同年齡段的小孩的學習能力都有一個極限，但他們的潛能是很難被確切認識的。Althoughthereisanutmostlimittotheacademic/intellectualabilityofchildrenindifferent/variousages,theirpotentialwillnotberecognized/knownwithcertainty.雖然污染在世界范圍內仍在不斷惡化，但發(fā)達國家的污染卻有明顯的下降趨勢。Althoughpollutionallovertheworldisstillworsening,thereisaclear/anobvioustrendofdecreasetowardpollutioninthedevelopedcountries.除非采取強有利的緩和措施，否則全球變暖對環(huán)境的影響將會加大。Theenvironmentalimpactofglobalwarmingwillincreaseunlessstrongmitigationmeasuresaretaken.不管年齡和性別如何，人們應該有相同工作機會，只要他們足夠勝任。Regardlessof/inspiteof/despiteageorgender,peopleshouldhavetheequalaccesstojobopportunities,provided/aslongasthattheyarequalified/competentenough.另一個支持團隊合作重要性的事實是，在一些復雜的作業(yè)中，學生的個人努力是遠遠不夠的。Anotherfacttosupport/highlighttheimportance/significanceofteamworkisthatonsomecomplex/complicatedassignments,students’individualeffortsarefarfromenough.過度使用能源的最終后果就是很多環(huán)境問題都會惡化，比如酸雨、溫室效應、水土流失、還有空氣、水和土地質量的普遍下降。Thefinal/ultimateresultofexcessiveenergyuseisthatmanyenvironmentalproblemsareworsened,suchasacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,soilerosionandthegeneraldecrease/degradationofthequalityofair,waterandland.科技發(fā)展的最終結果就是低技術含量工作的數量減少，而高技術工作的數量增加。Theultimateresultofthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyisthatthenumberoflow-skilledjobsdecreases/declines/descends,whilethatofhigh-skilledonesincreases/ascends/mounts.反對時尚最有力的觀點是它看起來很漂亮，吸引你的注意，但是事實上卻不夠實用。Thestrongestargument/debate/controversy/disputeagainstfashionisthatitlooksprettyandcatchesyoureye/arouses/attractsyourattention/interestsbutitisimpracticalindeed.人們普遍認為建筑物的保存極其重要，它不僅有內在的歷史和審美價值，也可作為建造進一步發(fā)展的參照物。Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatbuildingconservationisofgreatimportance,notonlyforthebuilding’sinherenthistoricalandaestheticvaluebutalsoasareferenceforfurtherarchitecturaldevelopments.人們廣泛認為文化可以被看著“一個社會的生活方式”，包括禮貌、服裝、語言、宗教、傳統(tǒng)儀式、行為標準和思想體系。Itisgenerallybelievedthatculturecanbedeemedasthewayoflifeforasociety,includingmanners,dresses,languages,religions,rituals,normsofbehaviorandsystemsofbelief.不可否認的是，大部分影響自然環(huán)境的問題，諸如臭氧層的破壞、森林的砍伐、物種的滅絕、溫室效應，都是經濟發(fā)展的副產物。Thereisnodenyingthefactthatmostoftheproblemsaffectingthenaturalworldsuchasozonedepletion,deforestations,speciesextinctionandthegreenhouseeffectareby-productsofeconomicgrowth.在建筑學上，實用主義代表一個原則—建筑師需要根據建筑物的用途來涉及這個建筑物。Inarchitecture,functionalismrepresentsaprinciplethatarchitectsshoulddesignabuildingbasedonthepurposeofthatbuilding.現在人們認為教育是一生的事情，而且在學習過程中，總會學到新的技能，體驗新的經歷。Manypeoplenowholdtheviewthateducationislifetimeactivity,andduringthecourseoflearning,therewillalwaysbenewskillsandexperiences.眾所周之，技能可以在如教育、培訓、工作、休閑活動和家庭生活的經歷中培養(yǎng)。Itiswidelyknownthatskillscanbedevelopedthroughlifeexperiences,suchaseducation,training,work,leisureactivitiesandfamilylife.所有的證據都證明如果工作量適度的話，工作和學業(yè)可以結合在一起。Alltheevidencepointstothefactthatworkingandfinishingschoolingcanmix,ifworkingisdoneinmoderation.人們對休閑娛樂的關注能夠解釋政府對音樂和藝術重視的原因。Theemphasisofthegovernmentonmusicandartcanbejustified/supportedbythefactthatpeoplehavepaidattentiontoentertainmentandrecreation/relaxation.現在在很多行業(yè)中，婦女都占據這一定數量的決策位置，因此她們在軍隊中較低的比率是值得爭議的。Consideringthefactthatwomennowoccupyasubstantialnumberofthedecision-makingpositionsinmanywalksoflife,theirunderrepresentationinthemilitaryserviceisopentodebate.年輕人高失業(yè)率的一個可能解釋是—現有的教育系統(tǒng)不能夠培養(yǎng)和輸送有就業(yè)能力的人。Onepossibleexplanationforthehigherratesofjoblessnessamongyoungpeopleisthattheexistingeducationsystemfailstodeliveremployableindividuals.值得注意的是，在一個廣告活動的過程中，重復接觸一個品牌會增加消費者對這個品牌的記憶，并改善他們對這個品牌的態(tài)度。Itisworthnotingthat(itshouldbenotedthat)repeatedexposuretoabrandduringthecourseofanadvertisingcampaigncanenhanceconsumer’smemoryofthebrandandimprovetheirattitudestowardthisbrand.眾所周之，盡管房地產市場持續(xù)興旺，但很多家庭仍然生活在狹窄的環(huán)境中。Itisnotasecretthatdespitethecontinuedboominthehousingmarket,therearestillalargenumberoffamilieslivingincrampedconditions.人們認為如果能夠融入當地的生活，那么，移民在新的國家會很容易適應并取得成功。Ithasbeenagreedthatwhenimmersedinlocallife,animmigrantcaneasilyadjusttoandsucceedinanewcountry.公眾認為政府應該采取合理的措施保證所有市民的福利，并保護他們的利益。Itisthepublic’sperceptionthatgovernmentshouldtakereasonablestepstoensurethewelfareofallcitizensandprotecttheirinterests.父母在每一件事情上都教導小孩，而且只接受一種做事方法，這是每天都會發(fā)生的事情。Itisaneverydayoccurrencethatparentsinstructtheirchildoneachactandacceptonlyonewaytodothings.我認為提高文化意識和敏感度有助于避免文化之間的誤解和緊張關系，并促進相互了解和尊重。Itismyviewthatthedevelopmentofculturalawarenessandsensitivitycanassistinavoidinginterculturalconfusionandtensionandpromotingmutualunderstandingandrespect.人們認為年輕人更容易適應一個新的國家，因為他們的觀念、信念和個性都不是那么固定。Itisexpectedthatyoungpeoplecanadapttoanewcountrymoreeasilybecausetheyhavelessfixedideas,beliefsandpersonalities.公眾認為很多資源，如石油和煤，都是不可再生資源，不應該浪費；而可再生資源，如空氣和水，需要恰當使用并小心管理。Itisthepublic’sperceptionthatmanyresourcessuchasoilandcoalarenon-renewableandshouldnotbeusedwastefully,whilerenewableresourcessuchairandwatershouldbeusedproperlyandmanagedcarefully.很明顯，鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)的生活方式與城區(qū)截然不同，部分原因是由于鄉(xiāng)村的公共服務和公共設施非常有限。Itisobviousthatlifestylesinruralareasaredistinctfromthoseinurbanareas,partlybecausepublicservicesandfacilitiesarelimitedthere.很多人希望保護環(huán)境，而同時又拒絕在生活方式或者購買習慣上做任何改變，這是非常有趣的現象。Itisalwaysinterestingtofindthatmanypeoplewanttoprotecttheenvironmentbutmeanwhile,refusetomakeanychangeinlifestyleorbuyinghabits.遠程教育很可能在季后若干年里變得更加普遍，因為學習者能夠控制學習的時間和地點。Consideringthefactthatlearnersareallowedtocontrolthetimeandplaceforstudies,distancelearningisverylikelytobecomemorepopularintheyearsahead.一個慷慨的福利系統(tǒng)未必可以保證給所有生活在貧困中的人帶來經濟保障。Thereisnoguaranteethatagenerouswelfaresystemcanbringeconomicsecuritytoallthepeoplelivinginpoverty.毫無疑問，父母在減少或改變媒體對孩子在知識、態(tài)度和價值觀的影響方面扮演著重要角色。Thereislittledoubtthatparentscanhaveasignificantroleinmoderatingormodifyinginfluenceofmediaonchildren’sknowledge,attitudesandvalues.留學的主要好處是年輕人可以完全沉浸到語言當中，不僅僅是在課堂上，其他時間也是一樣。Themainadvantageofstudyingabroadisthatyoungpeoplearetotallyimmersedinthelanguagenotjustinclasses,buttherestofthetimeaswell.好不夸張的說，對于很多有工作的母親，平衡工作、家庭和個人生活是奢侈的想法。Itisnoexaggerationtosaythatthebalancebetweenwork,domesticandpersonallifeisaluxurytomanyworkingmothers.設計者更注重建筑的功能效用，他們認為這樣會讓建筑更適合銷售并滿足使用者的需求。Designerspaymoreattentiontofunctionalutilityofthebuilding,assumingthatitmakesabuildingmoremarketableandmeetstheneedsofusers.人們一般認為小孩在家庭環(huán)境中學來的東西比在其他任何環(huán)境中都要多。Itisgenerallybelievedthatchildrenlearnmorefromtheirhomeenvironmentthanfromanyothersetting.養(yǎng)成良好的日常生活習慣，包括好的飲食習慣和睡眠習慣，會讓生活輕松一點，這一直是事實。Thefactremainsthatestablishingagooddailyroutine,includinggoodeatingandsleepingpatterns,willmakelifeeasier.膨脹的老年人口會給我們的社會帶來很大影響，給未來的政府增添一個頭疼的問題。Theswellingagedpopulationwillhaveadramaticeffectonthesocietyinwhichweliveandposeamajorheadacheforfuturegovernments.語言多樣性對人類文明的重要性或許只是一個未經檢驗的假設——還不能被證明，也無法否定。Theimportanceofla