Word文檔為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分，從頭說起!我們看看吧，下面我就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分，從頭說起

伙伴們必須首先認清，GRE的閱讀考試不同于我們過去所經歷的各種閱讀考試，無論是中文還是英文，無論是小學和中學階段的語言考試，還是大學之后可能經歷的四六級閱讀考試，抑或是TOEFL/IELTS中的閱讀考試。

GRE閱讀所測試的能力決定了我們必須以不同的閱讀策略切入，拋棄我們所固有的、已經習以為常的閱讀習慣。那么，要做到這一點，我們就必須首先弄清楚GRE閱讀考試到底考察哪些能力。下面我就來看看GRE官方指南是怎么說的：

ReadingComprehensionquestionsaredesignedtotestawiderangeofabilitiesrequiredtoreadandunderstandthekindsofprosecommonlyencounteredingraduateschool.Thoseabilitiesinclude:1understandingthemeaningofindividualwords/理解詞義2understandingthemeaningofindividualsentences/理解句意3understandingthemeaningofparagraphsandlargerbodiesoftext/理解段落及篇章的意義4distinguishingbetweenminorandmajorpoints/區分細節與主旨5summarizingapassage/概括段落

6drawingconclusionsfromtheinformationprovided/從已有信息當中推出結論7reasoningfromincompletedata,inferringmissinginformation/從已有信息當中推出缺失信息8understandingthestructureofatext,howthepartsrelatetooneanother/理解文章結構和各部分之間關系9identifyingtheauthor’sperspective/判斷的視角aidentifyingtheauthor’sassumptions/判斷的假設banalyzingatextandreachingconclusionsaboutit/從文本中得出結論cidentifyingstrengthsandweaknesses/判斷論證的優點與缺陷

今天我們先通過兩道題目來了解能力1和2考察的具體展現形式，希望能夠幫助伙伴們迅速理解這項考試的策略，并尋找合適的應對方案。

1understandingthemeaningofindividualwords/理解詞義顯然會出現在詞匯題當中。與很多同學可能熟悉的TOEFL詞匯題不同，我們都知道TOEFL詞匯題的做法是不帶回原文直接選詞義，更多考察的是詞匯量本身，而不是詞匯在語境中的含義;GRE的詞匯題更需要大家能夠根據上下文推斷詞義。比如：AcriticalconsensushasemergedthatMaryMcCarthywillberememberedprimarilyasanessayistratherthanasanovelist.Butdespiteherformidablegiftsasapolemicalanddiscursivewriter,andforallherreputationasanintellectualwhosacrificedfeelingtointelligence,whatpowersMcCarthy’sbestessaysareherfictionalratherthanstrictlyintellectualgifts.Shemakesherpointsbytellingstoriesorbywayofvividdescription,arrestingimagesandsubtlecharacterization.Andforallherexactingsenseoffact,McCarthy’sgreatestcontributionwastoblurthedistinctionsbetweendifferentkindsofprosewriting:toshowhowfictioncouldbeopeneduptothethinkingmindandhowessayscouldprofitfromthetechniquesoffiction.Inthecontextinwhichitappears,“discursive”mostnearlymeansA.ProlificB.SophisticC.RamblingD.AnalyticalE.Circuitous答案：D

這道題目如果同學們查字典，很容易選出C這個答案，因為discursive和rambling這兩個詞就是同義詞，是“離題的”的意思。然而，在本文背景下，discursive一定是essay的特點，是用來表達intelligence而不是feeling的，在這種上下文背景下，它的意思應該是“推論的，論證的：通過推理而非直覺來得出結論的”，所以選擇的答案是analytical。很顯然，GRE的詞匯題要求的并不簡簡單單是詞匯量本身，而是上下文語義關系判斷的能力。

2understandingthemeaningofindividualsentences/理解句意同樣看似考察的是句子本身的字面意思，如果在TOEFL考試當中，只要看懂一個句子的語義，一道句子改寫題基本就不成問題了。但是GRE考試當中，即便考察的是語句本身的語義，選項對原文的改寫不僅僅是句型的改寫，而很可能是不同邏輯形式對等效語義的表達。比如：請輸入正文Astronomersstudyingacertainkindofsupernova(explodingstar)weresurprisedtofindthesupernovaswerefainterthanexpected.Seekingexplanations,theydiscountedthepossibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelight,becauseitwouldfilteroutbluelightmorethanred,causingthesupernovastoappearredderthantheyreallyare.Also,unlessspreadverysmoothlythroughoutspace,thedustwouldintroducelargevariationsinthemeasurements.Anotherpossibilityisgravitationallensing,thebendingoflightraysastheyskirtgalaxiesenroute.Suchlensingoccasionallycausesbrightening,butmostoftenitcontributestothedimnessofdistantsupernovas.Calculationsshow,however,thatthiseffectbecomesimportantonlyforsourcesmoredistantthanthesupernovasstudied.Accordingtothepassage,theastronomersrejectedgravitationallensingasanexplanationfortheirfindingsbecauseA.gravitationallensingcancausesupernovastoappearbrighterthantheyreallyareB.theircalculationsshowedanegligibleeffectofgravitationallensingforlightraysfromdistantsources.C.lightraystravelingfromthesupernovasstudieddidnothavetoskirtgalaxies.D.theeffectofgravitationallensingontheappearanceofsupernovasisunpredictable.E.thesupernovasstudiedweretoonearforgravitationallensingtohavetheobserveddimmingeffect.答案：E這道題很明顯考察的就是最后一句話“thiseffectbecomesimportantonlyforsourcesmoredistantthanthesupernovasstudied”的意思。而XbecomesimportantforY這句話，等效于Xisnotimportantfornon-Y，而題干相當于在問X為什么notimportant，則答案就應該是non-Y。根據這個形式，鑒于原文的Y相當于distant，則正確選項就應該是以notdistant為關鍵信息，所以選擇了E，核心詞是near。其實這個題反映了一個更普遍的常考察的語言現象，即以“only”為邏輯信息的句型其表面語義和實際語義之間的關系。當我在說“onlywhenIworkhardcanIgethighscore”時，我并沒有表達努力工作能夠帶來高分的意思，相反，我所表達是不努力工作沒法帶來高分的意思。而這種現象又代表的是一大類現象，即某種邏輯句型的表面語義和實際語義之間的關系，它要求同學們在閱讀時能夠在邏輯等效的句型之間進行語義的靈活切換。

GRE閱讀題之__流派問題

每日一練

AncientChristianitymaybedividedintotwogreatperiods.Inthefirst,itwasareligionliabletopersecution,sufferingseverelyattimesandalwaysstrugglingtomaintainitself;inthesecond,itbecamethereligionoftheState,andinitsturnsetabouttorepressandpersecutetheheathenreligions.Itwasnolongerwithoutlegalrights;ithadthesupportofthesecularrulersandwaslavishlyendowedwithwealth.Thesetwoperiodsaremarkedlydifferent,andtheconditionshadadistincteffectuponthelifeandgrowthoftheChristianreligion.

Thecentralideapresentedbytheauthorinthisparagraphisthat:

A.EarlyChristianswereoftenpersecutedfortheirbeliefs,andsometimesevenkilled.

B.ThoughlaterChristianswerenolongerpersecuted,theyneverforgotthehistoryoftheirreligion.

C.TheChristianchurchbecameverywealthyovertimeandwassupportedbykingsandemperors.

D.ThetwoverydifferentperiodsofearlyChristianityeachservedtomoldthenatureofthereligion.

E.BecomingthereligionoftheStatewastheturningpointforChristianityasaworldreligion.

正確答案

C

GRE閱讀題之犯罪率在上升

每日一練

Thesametruthisnowknownaboutcrime;buttheunderstandingandtheapplicationofitarejustopeninguponus.Theoldandstilldominantthoughtis,astocause,thatacrimeiscausedbytheinscrutablemoralfreewillofthehumanbeing,doingornotdoingthecrime,justasitpleases;absolutelyfreeinadvance,atanymomentoftime,tochooseornottochoosethecriminalact,andthereforeinitselfthesoleandultimatecauseofcrime.Astotreatment,therestillarejusttwotraditionalmeasuresjail,orafine(fordeathisnowemployedinrarecasesonly).Butmodernscience,hereasinmedicine,recognizesthatcrimealso(likedisease)hasnaturalcauses.Itneednotbeassertedforonemomentthatcrimeisadisease.Butitdoeshavenaturalcauses.Andastotreatment,modernsciencerecognizesthatpenalorremedialtreatmentcannotpossiblybeindiscriminateandmachine-like,butmustbeadaptedtothecauses,andtothemanasaffectedbythosecauses.

Theauthorbelieveswhichofthefollowing?Selectallcorrectchoices.

A.Thedominantthoughtisthatcrimeiscausedbyfreewill

B.Freewillisnottheonlycauseofcrime

C.Crimeisnotadisease

正確答案

ABC

GRE閱讀題之美國和歐洲的聯系

每日一練

TheAmericanfrontierissharplydistinguishedfromtheEuropeanfrontier--afortifiedboundarylinerunningthroughdensepopulations.ThemostsignificantthingabouttheAmericanfrontieris,thatitliesatthehitheredgeoffreeland.Inthecensusreportsitistreatedasthemarginofthatsettlementwhichhasadensityoftwoormoretothesquaremile.Thetermisanelasticone,andforourpurposesdoesnotneedsharpdefinition.Weshallconsiderthewholefrontierbelt,includingtheIndiancountryandtheoutermarginofthesettledareaofthecensusreports.Thispaperwillmakenoattempttotreatthesubjectexhaustively;itsaimissimplytocallattentiontothefrontierasafertilefieldforinvestigation,andtosuggestsomeofthepro