英語等級考試《PETS四級》試題(網友回憶版)五［問答題］1.Directions:Readthefollowingtex(江南博哥)t.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orDonANSWERSHEET1.In1942,theHMSEdinburghwassunkintheBarentsSea.Itwasonits(21)backtoBritainwithninety-oneboxesofRussiangold.(22)thirty-nineyearsitlaythere,toodeepfordiversto(23).Noonewasallowedtoexplodeit,either,sincethebodiesofsixtyofthecrewalsolayinthe(24).Then,in1981,anex-divercalledJessopdecidedtodivyusingnewdivingtechniques.(25)hecouldnotaffordtofinancethe(26)whichwasgoingtocostfourmillionpounds,hehadtolookforpeoplewhowere(27)totaketherisk.(28),theywerenotevensurethegoldwasgoingtobethere!FirstaScottishdivingcompany,thenaGermanshippingcompanyagreedtojoinintheredivieval(29).Notlongafterthat,Jessop(30)afourthcompanytotakea(31).Sincethegoldwasthe(32)oftheBritishandtheSovietgovernments,theybothhopedtomakea(33),too!Thebiggestproblemwashowtoget(34)thegold.Fortunately,theywereabletoexaminetheEdinburgh'ssistership,theHMSBelfozt,to(35)outtheexactlocationofthebombroom,(36)thegoldwasstored.Theyknewitwastobeanexdivemelydifficultanddangerouscleanandstackaspossible.A.roadcleanandstackaspossible.A.roadA.DuringA.findA.wreckA.AlthoughA.researchA.willingA.AllinallA.assignmentC.wayC.AtC.diveC.relicC.wayC.AtC.diveC.relicC.AsC.movementC.committedC.IncaseC.attemptD.passageD.SinceD.reachD.wasteD.IfD.searchD.engagedD.AfterallD.commissionB.ForB.discoverB.ruinB.UnlessB.operationB.luckilyB.InadditionB.temptationTheworstthingapatentcandoistopressurepreschoolerstoperform一forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercisesbeforethey'reready.Instead,theexpertssay,parentsshouldtakeabreathandlookforalternatives.Anotheryearinpreschoolmaybeallthat'sneeded.［單選題］3.Thetextindicatesthatprivateschoolsareveryselectivebecausethey.havenoreliablemethodstopickstudentsforaclass.wantagoodmixtureofboysandgirlsforclasses.C.encountermoredemandthantheycancopewith.D.prefertoenrollchildrenoftheirrelatives.參考答案：c參考解析：推理判斷題。根據題干信息定位到第三段“Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasincreased,supplyhasnot”,由止匕可知，對申請者來說，問題在于申請人數增多了，而學校的招生名額卻沒有增加。接著第四段詳細講了一些私立學校如何選擇學生。由此可推斷，私立學校為了解決太多的學生申請，而名額不夠的問題，不得不通過各種方法來選擇學生。選項A與文章的意思有所出入，第四段第二句提到“Schoolsknowthereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchildrenaresoyoung”,即學校認為選擇學生沒有簡單的方法，并不能說明方法不可靠。選項B是某些學校選擇生源的方法，不是原因。選項D在文中沒有提及，故答案為C項。Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Competitionforadmissiontothecoundivy'stopprivateschoolshasalwaysbeentough,butthisyearElisabethrealizedithadreachedanewlevel.Herwake-upcallcamewhenamancalledtheDaltonSchoolinManhattan,whereElisabethisadmissionsdirector,andinquiredabouttheagecutofffortheirkindergartenprogram.Afterprovidingtheinformation,sheaskedabouttheageofhischild.Themanpausedforanuncomfortablylongtimebeforeanswering."Well,wedon'thaveachildyet.We^redivyingtofigureoutwhentoconceiveachildsothebirthdayisnotaproblem.”WorriesarespreadingfromManhattantotherestofthecoundivy.Precisecurrentdataonprivateschoolsareunavailable,butinterviewswithrepresentativesofindependentschoolsalltoldthesamestory:anoversupplyofapplicants,higherrejectionrates."Wehavepeoplecallingusforspotstwoyearsdowntheroad,“saidMarilynoftheSevenHillsSchoolinCincinnati."Wehavegrandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters."PublicopinionpollsindicatethatAmericansNo.1concerniseducation.Nowthatthelongeconomicboomhasgivenparentsmoredisposableincome,manyareturningtoprivateschools,evenatpricetagsofwellover$10,000ayear."We'regettingapplicantsfromabroaderareageographicallythanweeverhaveinthepast,“saidBetsyoftheLatinSchoolofChicago,whichexperienceda20percentincreaseinapplicationsthisyear.Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasincreased,supplyhasnot.uEveryyear,thereareafewchildrenwhodonotfindplaces,butthisyear,forthefirsttimethatIknowof,thereareasignificantnumberwithoutplaces,“saidElisabeth.Sowhatcanparentsdotogivetheir4-year-oldanedge?Schoolsknowthereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchildrenaresoyoung.Manyschoolsgivepreferencetochildrenoftheirgraduates.Somemakethechoicebydrawinglots.Butmostrelyonamixofsubjectiveandobjectivemeasures:teststhatatbestidentifydevelopmentalmaturityandcognitivepotential,interviewswithparentsandobservationofapplicantsinclassroomsettings.Theyalsowantadiversemix.Childrenmayenduponawaitinglistsimplybecausetheirbirthdaysfallatthewrongtimeofyear,orbecausetoomanyapplicantswereboys.Theworstthingapatentcandoistopressurepreschoolerstoperform一forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercisesbeforethey'reready.Instead,theexpertssay,parentsshouldtakeabreathandlookforalternatives.Anotheryearinpreschoolmaybeallthat'sneeded.［單選題］4.Fromthetext,wecaninferthattheauthor.A.favorstheideaofputtingchildrenonawaitinglist.B.agreestotestpreschoolerscognitivepotentials.C.thinkschildrenshouldbebetterpreparedacademicallyD.disapprovesoftheunduepressureonpreschoolers.參考答案：D參考解析：作者態度題。根據題干信息定位到最后一段的第一句"Theworstthingaparentcalldoistopressurepreschoolerstoperform一forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercisesbeforethey'reready”，由此可知，作者認為強迫學齡前兒童學習閱讀或是做數學題等做法是父母做的最糟糕的事。由此可推斷出作者不提倡給學齡前兒童過度的壓力，故答案為D項。Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Competitionforadmissiontothecoundivy'stopprivateschoolshasalwaysbeentough,butthisyearElisabethrealizedithadreachedanewlevel.Herwake-upcallcamewhenamancalledtheDaltonSchoolinManhattan,whereElisabethisadmissionsdirector,andinquiredabouttheagecutofffortheirkindergartenprogram.Afterprovidingtheinformation,sheaskedabouttheageofhischild.Themanpausedforanuncomfortablylongtimebeforeanswering."Well,wedon'thaveachildyet.We^redivyingtofigureoutwhentoconceiveachildsothebirthdayisnotaproblem.”WorriesarespreadingfromManhattantotherestofthecoundivy.Precisecurrentdataonprivateschoolsareunavailable,butinterviewswithrepresentativesofindependentschoolsalltoldthesamestory:anoversupplyofapplicants,higherrejectionrates."Wehavepeoplecallingusforspotstwoyearsdowntheroad,“saidMarilynoftheSevenHillsSchoolinCincinnati."Wehavegrandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters."PublicopinionpollsindicatethatAmericans'No.1concerniseducation.Nowthatthelongeconomicboomhasgivenparentsmoredisposableincome,manyareturningtoprivateschools,evenatpricetagsofwellover$10,000ayear."We'regettingapplicantsfromabroaderareageographicallythanweeverhaveinthepast,“saidBetsyoftheLatinSchoolofChicago,whichexperienceda20percentincreaseinapplicationsthisyear.Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasincreased,supplyhasnot.uEveryyear,thereareafewchildrenwhodonotfindplaces,butthisyear,forthefirsttimethatIknowof,thereareasignificantnumberwithoutplaces,“saidElisabeth.Sowhatcanparentsdotogivetheir4-year-oldanedge?Schoolsknowthereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchildrenaresoyoung.Manyschoolsgivepreferencetochildrenoftheirgraduates.Somemakethechoicebydrawinglots.Butmostrelyonamixofsubjectiveandobjectivemeasures:teststhatatbestidentifydevelopmentalmaturityandcognitivepotential,interviewswithparentsandobservationofapplicantsinclassroomsettings.Theyalsowantadiversemix.Childrenmayenduponawaitinglistsimplybecausetheirbirthdaysfallatthewrongtimeofyear,orbecausetoomanyapplicantswereboys.Theworstthingapatentcandoistopressurepreschoolerstoperform一forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercisesbeforethey'reready.Instead,theexpertssay,parentsshouldtakeabreathandlookforalternatives.Anotheryearinpreschoolmaybeallthat'sneeded.［單選題］5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasatitleofthistext?A.HardTimeforthePreschoolersB.ProsperityofPrivateSchoolsC.TheProblemforPublicSchoolsD.American'sNo1Concern參考答案：A參考解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文，本文主要講述兒童進入頂級私立學校困難，名額少，學校篩選嚴格，許多父母都在提早為學齡前孩子做準備。選項A“學齡前兒童的艱難時代”符合文意；選項B“私立學校的繁榮興旺”，私立學校只是這種現象發生的地點，并不是文章的中心；選項C“公立學校的難題”，而文中講的是私立學校；選項D“美國人最關注的問題”，本文談論的僅僅是教育中申請私立學校很困難的現象，該說法過于寬泛，B、C、D均不符合文意，故答案為A項。Text2WilliamShakespearedescribedoldageasasecondchildishness“一noteeth,noeyes,notaste.Inthecaseoftastehemay,musicallyspeaking,havebeenmoreperceptivethanherealised.ApaperinNeurologybyGiovanniFrisoniandhiscolleaguesattheNationalCendiveforResearchandCareofAlzheimersDiseaseinItaly,showsthatfrontotemporaldementiacanaffectmusicaldesiresinwaysthatsuggestaregression,ifnottoinfancy,thenatleasttoapatient'steens.Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch“higher“functionsasabsdivactthinkingandjudgment.TwoofsuchpatientsindiviguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer,theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia-adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning.Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore-ferredtopopmusicas“merenoise”,startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband"883”.Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsingingcoundivyandwesternsongs.DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamagetothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisnoaccountingfortaste.［單選題］6.ThewriterquotesShakespearemainlyto.A.praisethekeenperceptionofthegreatEnglishwriter.B.supportDr.Frisonistheoryaboutadisease.C.startthediscussiononabraindisease.D.showthelonghistoryofthedisease.參考答案：c參考解析：推理判斷題。根據題干中的人名定位到第一段第一句話“WiniamShakespearedescribedoldageas'secondchildishness,一noteeth,noeyes,notaste”，由此可知，莎士比亞把老年階段比做“第二次孩子氣”——沒有牙，視力差，失去味覺。接著整篇文章談論了額顆癡呆癥，該病的癥狀與莎士比亞描述的類似，故可推知，作者引用莎士比亞的一句話只是鋪墊，為了引出后文，故答案為c項。Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch“higher”functionsasabsdivactthinkingandjudgment.TwoofsuchpatientsindiviguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer,theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia-adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning.Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore-ferredtopopmusicas“merenoise”,startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband“883”.Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsingingcoundivyandwesternsongs.DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamagetothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisnoaccountingfortaste.［單選題］7.Theword“regression”inthe1stparagraphisbestreplacedby.A.backwardmovement.B.uncondivolledinclination.C.rapidadvancement.D.unexpectedrestoration.參考答案：A參考解析：詞義猜測題。根據題干信息定位到第一段最后一句“…ifnottoinfancy,thenatleasttoapatient,steens,由此可知，額聶頁癡呆癥可以在某種程度上引起音樂品味的退化.即便不是退到嬰兒期，也至少會退到病人十幾歲時，故答案為A項。Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch“highervfunctionsasabsdivactthinkingandjudgment.TwoofsuchpatientsindiviguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer,theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia-adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning.Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore-ferredtopopmusicas“merenoise”，startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband"883”.Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year—oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimerspatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsingingcoundivyandwesternsongs.DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamagetothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisnoaccountingfortaste.［單選題］8.Aftercondivactingfrontotemporaldementia,the68—year-oldlawyer.becamemoredependentonhisfamily.grewfondofclassicalmusic.C.recoveredfromlanguageincompetence.D.enjoyedloudItalianpopularmusic.參考答案：D參考解析：細節理解題。根據題干信息定位到第四段第一句“…popmusicas'merenoise’,startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband’883’"以及第二句u???hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday."，由此可知，在這位68歲的律師本來只熱愛古典音樂討厭流行音樂，患有額顆癡呆癥后，卻開始聽意大利流行樂隊“883”的歌，而且把音量放到最大，每天持續聽數小時，可知他音樂品味開始退化，現在很享受意大利流行音樂，故答案為D項。Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch“higher”functionsasabsdivactthinkingandjudgment.TwoofsuchpatientsindiviguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer,theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia—adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning.Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore-ferredtopopmusicas“merenoise”,startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband“883”.Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer,sloveofclassicalmusic,havingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsingingcoundivyandwesternsongs.DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain,srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamagetothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisnoaccountingfortaste.［單選題］9?Frontotemporaldementiaisadisease.A.identifiedwithlossofmemory.B.causingdamagetocertainpartsofthebrain.C.whosepatientsmaydevelopnewtalents.D.whosesymptomsaresimilartothoseofAlzheimer'spatients.參考答案：c參考解析：細節理解題。根據題干信息定位到第三段第三句"Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefect…”,由止匕可矢口，兩位額顆癡呆癥患者的記憶都沒有受損，選項A不符合文意；第二段第一句提至I1Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain”，即額潁癡呆癥是由大腦前部和側面的損壞引起的,而選項B與文章原意因果顛倒；第五段第一句提到“ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia”,即阿爾茨海默氏病患并沒有出現這種音樂品味的變化，僅僅是那些患有額題癡呆的病患有這樣的癥狀，彼此之間癥狀有所不同，選項D所述是相反的；第五段第二句提至“Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal一dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.”,由此可知，——些研究表明額潁癡呆癥有時候能獲得新的才能，故答案為C項。Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch“higher“functionsasabsdivactthinkingandjudgment.TwoofsuchpatientsindiviguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer,theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia-adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning.Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore-ferredtopopmusicasumerenoisev,startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband"883”.Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsingingcoundivyandwesternsongs.DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamagetothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisnoaccountingfortaste.［單選題］lO.DrFrisoniadivivibutedthepatients'changingmusictasteto.man'sdesiretoseeknovelexperience.thedamagetotheleftpartofthebrain.theshiftofpredominancefromtherightlobetotheleft.theweakeningofsomepartofthenervoussystem.參考答案：DA.indivoducedA.chanceA.businessA.profitA.indivoducedA.chanceA.businessA.profitA.aboutA.getA.whichA.onA.managedA.beforeA.thatB.persuadedB.lookB.estateB.benefitB.aroundB.takeB.whereB.inB.achievedbyB.muchC.associatedC.measureC.obligationC.successC.toC.workC.hereC.amongC.succeededC.withfarD.stimulatedchoiceD.propertyD.welfareD.fromD.divyD.thereD.along;,D.fulfilledD.roundD.so參考答案：21.Croad道路；path小路，小徑；way路；passage通道，過道。這四個詞都與道路的含義相近，但只有way可用于固定搭配onone'swayto,表示“在去…的路上”，此句表達的是這艘巡洋艦在返回英國的路上，故答案為C項。Bduring在…期間，當…之時，一般用來表示一個時間范圍；for持續達，計，后面常跟具體的時間段，如：forfivemonths；at在…時刻，通常指在某一時間點，如ateighto'clock；since自從之后,要與現在完成時連用，表示自過去的某個時間之后。由句意“這艘巡洋艦三十九年以來就一直沉于海底”可知，后面是具體的時間段，此處需要一個表示時間段的介詞，只有for符合要求，故答案為B項。Dfind找到；discover發現；dive潛水；reach到達。由上文可知，此處想要表達的是潛水員無法到達如此深的地方，toodeepfordiverstoreach意為“（沉船的位置）太深以至于潛水員無法到達”，故答案為D項。Awreck沉船，遇難船；ruin廢墟，遺跡；relic遺體，遺物；waste荒原，荒蕪之地。前文提到，英國皇家海軍“愛丁堡號”巡洋艦于1942年在巴倫支海沉沒，英國不允許用爆破的方法，由此可推斷出該句中六十具船員的尸骸所在的位置應在沉船內，故答案為選A項。Calthough盡管，雖然；unless除非；as由于，因為；if如果。根據下文“他無法獨自承擔搜索所需的四百萬英鎊”“不得不尋找愿意承擔風險的人”可知，前面無法承擔費用是他不得不尋找愿意承擔風險的人的原因，故這里需要表示原因的連接詞，故C項正確。Dresearch研究，探討；operation操作；movement移動；search搜索，探查。由全文可知，這次采用新的潛水技術尋找黃金是一次搜索任務，只有search符合文意，故答案為D項。Awilling愿意的；lucky幸運的；committed忠誠的，堅定的；engaged忙的，從事的。固定用法bewillingtodosth.表示“愿意做某事”，此處表達的是愿意承擔風險的人，故答案為A項。參考解析：細節理解題。該題使用排除法。最后一段第三句和第四句提到“Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,???appreciatecertainkindsofmusic”，即由于左側額葉的損傷，右側額葉會占據主導地位，這樣導致了對新體驗的追求。或者，左側額葉的損傷可能會影響到一些控制音樂品味的特定的神經系統。所以可知，作者該變化歸結為左側額葉受損所導致一些控制音樂品味的特定神經系統的損壞。選項A“人們追求新體驗的渴望”并不是患者音樂品味變化的原因，而是患者的表現；選項B將原因歸結為大腦左半邊的損壞，而文章說的是左側額葉受損；選項C將原因歸結為占主導地位的由右側額葉轉為左側額葉，文中并沒有指出剛開始是右側額葉占主導地位，曲解文意，A、B、C三項均不符合文意，故答案為D項。Text3Who'stoblame?ThedivailofresponsibilitygoesbeyondpoormaintenanceofBritishrailways,sayindusdivycritics.Stingygovernments—bothLaborandTory—havecutdownoninvestmentsindivainsandrails.Inthemid-1990saConservativegovernmentpushedthroughthesaleoftheentiresubsidy-guzzlingrailnetwork.Operatingfranchiseswereparceledoutamongprivatecompaniesandaseparatefirm,Raildivack,wasawardedownershipofthedivacksandstations.Inthefuture,thetheoryranbackthen,theprivatesectorcouldpayforanyimprovements—withalittlehelpfromthestate—andtaketheblameforanyfailings.Todaysurveysshowthatdivavelersbelieveprivatizationisoneofthereasonsfortherailways'sfailures.Theyaskwhetherthepursuitofprofitsiscompatiblewithguaranteeingsafety.Worse,splittingthenetworkbetweencompanieshasmadecoordinationnearlyimpossible."Therailwaywastomapartatprivatizationandthesdivucturethatwasputinplacewas..,designed,ifwearehonest,tomaximizetheproceedstotheTreasury,“saidRaildivackbossGeraldCorbettbeforeresigninglastmonthinthewakeoftheHatfieldcrash.Generally,thecondivastswithmainlandEuropearestark.OverthepastfewdecadestheGermans,FrenchandItalianshaveinvested50percentmorethantheBritishindivansportationinfrasdivucturc.Asaresult,awebofhigh-speeddivainsnowcrisscrosstheContinent,fundedbygovernmentswillingtocommitstatefundstomajorcapitalprojects.Spainiscurrentlyplanning1,000milesofnewhigh-speeddivack.InFrancesuperfastdivainsalreadyshuttlebetweenallmajorcities,oftenondedicatedlines.AndinBritain?WhentheEurostardivainsthatlinkParis,LondonandBrusselsemergefromtheChannelTunnelontoBritishsoilandjointhecrowdedlocalnetwork,theymustslowdownfrom186mphtoamaximumof100mph一andtheyusuallyhavetogoevenslower.Foronce,thegovernmentislistening.Afterall,commutersarevoters,too.Inapre-votespendingspree,thegovernmenthascommitteditselftohugeinvestmentindivansportation,aswellaseducationandthepublichealthservice.Overthenext10years,therailwaysshouldgetanexdiva￡60billion,partlythroughhighersubsidiestotheprivatecompa