新編英語語法教程“十二五”普通高等教育本科國家級規(guī)劃材料新世紀(jì)高等院校英語專業(yè)本科生系列教材（修訂版）ANewEnglishGrammarCoursebook總主編戴煒棟第6版第二十二講-ING分詞專四真題鏈接內(nèi)容導(dǎo)圖學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)重難點(diǎn)解析本講總結(jié)練習(xí)精講能帶-ing分詞而不能帶不定式的動詞P235動詞+賓語+介詞+-ing分詞P236能帶不定式和-ing分詞而意義不同的動詞P240能帶不定式和-ing分詞而意義無甚區(qū)別的動詞P239-ing分詞分句的結(jié)構(gòu)模式P243-ing分詞分句的句法功能P244既能直接帶不定式又能直接帶-ing分詞的動詞-ing分詞與動詞的搭配關(guān)系-ing分詞分句–ING分詞掌握能帶-ing分詞而不能帶不定式的常見動詞；掌握既能直接帶不定式又能直接帶-ing分詞的動詞；掌握-ing分詞分句的結(jié)構(gòu)模式和句法功能。本講的重點(diǎn)：◆◆◆能帶-ing分詞而不能帶不定式的動詞；能帶不定式和-ing分詞而意義不同的動詞；帶從屬連詞的-ing分詞分句、帶主語的-ing分詞分句；-ing分詞分句作狀語。本講的難點(diǎn)：◆◆◆◆1.構(gòu)成：動詞+-inge.g.Hesatsmokingandwonderingwhattodo.（現(xiàn)在分詞）

Smokingisaseriousdangertohealth.（動名詞）2.四種語法形式-ing分詞的形式1-ing分詞包括傳統(tǒng)上的現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞，前者更像動詞、形容詞或副詞，后者更像名詞。提示-ing分詞主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般形式doingbeingdone完成體形式havingdonehavingbeendone3.否定式：通常在-ing分詞之前加note.g.Weheldeachother’shand,notknowing(notknow)whattosay.

Nothavingbeenused(notuse)foralongtime,themachine

gotrusty.1.完成體：其動作先于主句動詞的動作。e.g.Sheadmittedhavingdriven(drive)thecarwithoutinsurance.

（先于admitted）

Havingworked(work)inthefieldsfortwohours,theytook

arest.（先于tookarest）2.被動態(tài)：其邏輯主語是-ing分詞動作的承受者。e.g.Carlosjustmissedbeingcaught

(catch).（Carlos是catch的承受者）

Havingbeentold(tell)manytimes,hestillrepeatedthe

samemistakes.

（he是tell的承受者，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在“repeated”之前）完成體、被動態(tài)的意義及用法2有時(shí)，在remember，recall，regret等詞之后也可以用一般形式表示其動作先于主句動詞的動作，如“Irememberposting/havingpostedit.”。提示admit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp,can’tresist,can’tstand,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,don’tmind,ensure,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitate,fancy,favour,finish,giveup,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,miss,pardon,postpone,practise,putoff,resent,report,risk,stop,suggest...e.g.We’reconsidering

buyinganewcar.Hedenied

havingbeenthere.Weappreciateyourinvitingustoyourparty.Shecan’tstand

beingkept

waiting.能帶-ing分詞而不能帶不定式的動詞12.-ing分詞邏輯主語的三種情況（1）隱含在語境中；（2）在句中其他地方（如主句的主語）；（3）需單獨(dú)引出（名詞通格或?qū)俑?代詞賓格或?qū)俑瘢.g.Fathersuggestedgoingtherebybus.（語境中）Wouldyoumindringingmeuptomorrow?（主句主語you）

Idon’tmindJohn/John’s/him/his

buyinganotherone.(John/John’s/him/his)只能帶-ing分詞作賓語的動詞通常表示說話人對客觀事實(shí)所作出的反應(yīng)，如承認(rèn)（admit）、享受（enjoy）、否認(rèn)（deny）、避免（avoid）、原諒（excuse）等。可以利用熟詞帶生詞、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞來聯(lián)想記憶。例如：admit—acknowledge(同義詞)；dislike—detest—resent(近義詞)；deny?admit(反義詞)。提示1提示23.能帶-ing分詞也可帶-that分句作賓語的動詞acknowledge,admit,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,deny,fancy,imagine,suggest,mean,mention,propose,recall,recollect,understand...e.g.Sheacknowledged

beingatfault.=Sheacknowledged

thatshehadbeenatfault.在口語中傾向于使用名詞通格和代詞賓格引出邏輯主語。在deny，postpone，defer等詞之后，-ing分詞邏輯主語多用屬格。提示1提示2attempt,begin,can’tbear,continue,deserve,dread,hate,intend,like,loathe,love,need,neglect,omit,plan,prefer,require,start...1.begin/start等動詞begin,start,continue,cease,can’tbear,like,love,prefer,dread,neglect,omit,propose...（a）表一般的、習(xí)慣的、抽象的行為：多用-ing分詞；表特定的、臨時(shí)的、具體的動作：多用不定式。e.g.Ican’tbearlivinghere.Ican’tbeartoseethechildtreatedstupidly.Philprefersdoingitthisway.Hepreferstogobytrainthisevening.能帶不定式和-ing分詞而意義無甚區(qū)別的動詞1wouldlike意思是wish或want，后面永遠(yuǎn)接不定式，如“Whatwouldyouliketodotomorrow?”。提示（b）主句動詞已用于進(jìn)行體時(shí)，后多接不定式。e.g.It’sbeginning

torain.Weareproposing

tostartateight.（c）begin/start之后若跟靜態(tài)動詞，只能用不定式。e.g.Webegantoseewhathemeant.（see“理解”）You’lleventuallystarttobelieveit.2.need，want等動詞，可用-ing分詞的主動形式表被動意義e.g.Thewatchneedscleaningandoiling.(=tobecleanedandoiled)Thehousewantspainting.(=tobepainted)Yourcarurgentlyrequiredseeingto.(=tobeseento)Thatboydeserveslookingafter.(=tobelookedafter)作此種用法時(shí)，require，deserve不及need，want普通。提示3.attempt，intend，plan之后，跟不定式更普通e.g.Hehadattemptedtorescuethedrowningman.Theyplantoplanttheareawithgrassandtrees.1.remember/forget/regret等動詞+-ing分詞：先于主句動詞的動作+不定式：后于主句動詞的動作e.g.Iremember

postingtheletter.（“寄信”先于“記得”）

Iremembered

toposttheletter.（“寄信”后于“記得”）Iregret

tellingyouthatJohnstoleit.（“告訴”發(fā)生

在“抱歉”之前）

Iregret

totellyouthatJohnstoleit.（“抱歉”在先，

即抱歉要告知某事）能帶不定式和-ing分詞而意義不同的動詞2回顧過去做過的事用-ing分詞，表達(dá)將來要做的事用不定式。提示2.try/mean/can’thelp等動詞在try，mean，can’thelp等動詞之后，用-ing分詞還是用不定式，取決于動詞本身的不同含義。e.g.Hetriedwritingwithabrush.（“試著”寫）

Hetriedtowritebetter.（“盡量努力地”寫）

Yourplanwouldmean

spendinghours.（“意味著”

花費(fèi)數(shù)小時(shí)）Ididn’tmean

tomakeyouangry.（“有意”讓你生氣）Icouldn’thelp

finishingit.（“不得不”結(jié)束某事）Icouldn’thelpto

finishit.（“不能幫助”結(jié)束某事）Hehaslearned

swimming.（“學(xué)過”游泳）Hehaslearned

toswim.（“學(xué)會了”游泳）3.stop/goon/leaveoff等動詞+-ing分詞：作賓語+不定式：作目的狀語e.g.Theystopped

talking.(SVO)Theystopped

totalk.(SVA)

Hewenton

pointingoutmistakesinthepaper.(SVO)（同一動作的繼續(xù)）

Hewenton

topointoutmistakesinthepaper.(SVA)（放下原來的事，轉(zhuǎn)而去指出錯(cuò)誤）trydoing用來談?wù)撃撤N嘗試，做某事是為了看看結(jié)果會怎樣；trytodo是作一番努力，試圖做某種困難的事。learndoing用來談及某門學(xué)科或技能的學(xué)習(xí)，“不一定學(xué)會”；learndoto用來談?wù)搶W(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果——成功“學(xué)會”了某種技巧。提示1提示24.allow/permit/advise等動詞既可以接-ing分詞作賓語，也可以接帶邏輯主語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Shedoesn’tallowtalkinghere.

Shedoesn’tallowustotalkhere.作此種用法的動詞多表“建議”、“允許”、“鼓勵(lì)”等意義。提示①*Myunclesuggestedmetogetajobinabank.②*Iremembertoseehimoncesomewhere.

①M(fèi)yunclesuggested(my/me)gettingajobinabank.√或MyunclesuggestedthatI(should)

getajobinabank.√②Irememberseeinghimoncesomewhere.√典型錯(cuò)誤3備注以-ing分詞作謂語動詞的分句結(jié)構(gòu)，屬于非限定從屬分句，往往能與限定從屬分句相互轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g.[1]Hedeniedtakingherbook.=Hedeniedthathehadtakenherbook.[2]Theboysshoutingtheloudestarethewinners.

=Theboyswhohaveshoutedtheloudestarethewinners.=Theboyswhohavebeenshoutingtheloudestarethe

winners.[3]Havingfinishedmywork,Iwenttobed.=AfterIhadfinishedmywork,Iwenttobed.-ing分詞分句：上述例[1]-ing分詞分句相當(dāng)于名詞性限定分句（賓語從句），例[2]相當(dāng)于形容詞性限定分句（關(guān)系分句），例[3]相當(dāng)于副詞詞性限定分句（狀語從句）。提示1.不帶主語和從屬連詞的-ing分詞分句（1）邏輯主語在主句中（如主句的主語或賓語）e.g.Hedeniedhavingbeenthere.（邏輯主語He）IhaveafriendlivinginLondon.（邏輯主語afriend）（2）用作評注性狀語的固定用語e.g.Judgingfromwhatyousay,hehasdonehisbest.

Generallyspeaking,themoreyoupay,themoreyouget.2.帶從屬連詞的-ing分詞分句從屬連詞：although，though，asif，asthough，evenif，if，once，unless，when(ever)，while，whether...or等，表達(dá)讓步、時(shí)間、條件等邏輯關(guān)系。-ing分詞分句的結(jié)構(gòu)模式1其邏輯主語有時(shí)是說話人，有時(shí)難以判定。提示e.g.Whensleeping,Ineverhearathing.(=WhenIsleep)

ThoughunderstandingnoGreek,Charleswasabletocommunicatewiththem.(=Thoughhedidn’tunderstandGreek)3.帶主語的-ing分詞分句（1）作賓語e.g.Doyoumindmy/memakingasuggestion?Myparentsobjecttome/mygoingoutalone.-ing分詞分句的邏輯主語通常也是主句的主語，謂語含有主動或進(jìn)行的意義。提示其邏輯主語直接用通格/賓格或?qū)俑瘛Ｌ崾荆?）作介詞補(bǔ)足成分（介詞賓語）e.g.I’mannoyedaboutJohn/John’sforgettingtopay.Didyoudoitwithouthim/hisaskingyou?（3）作主語e.g.Susan(’s)runningawayfromhomewasthelaststraw.

It’snouseyourpretendingtobedeaf.（it為形式主語）（4）作狀語（-ing分詞分句獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)）e.g.Thelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.

Somanymembersbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobe

putoff.

Thequestion(havingbeen)settled,themeetingadjourned.

Withthetreegrowingtall,wegetmoreshade.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可以用介詞with或without引出。提示3havingbeen，being有時(shí)可以省去（邏輯主語是代詞時(shí)除外），而變成-ed分詞分句、無動詞分句。-ing分詞分句獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，通常表時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式或伴隨情況等。提示1提示21.句子成分和詞組成分（1）句子成分：作主語、賓語、主語補(bǔ)語、賓語補(bǔ)語、狀語e.g.Flyingaplaneisdangerous.（主語）It’sfoolishbehavinglikethat.（主語）Ilikegettingupearly.（賓語）

Ourdutyisservingthepeopleheartandsoul.（主語補(bǔ)語）

Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.（賓語補(bǔ)語）Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.（賓語補(bǔ)語）

Theydescribedtheboyasbeingveryclever.（賓語補(bǔ)語）–ing分詞分句的句法功能2能用-ing分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語的動詞通常是表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞、表示“致使”意義的動詞、以及regard，describe，thinkof等動詞。提示（2）詞組成分：作名詞修飾語、作介詞補(bǔ)足成分e.g.Weshallarrivetoolatetocatchthetrainleavingateight.(=thatleavesateight)

Thestudents,wearingtheirschooluniforms,marched

intotheplayground.(=whowerewearingtheirschooluniforms)Hedreamsof

sailingroundtheworld.Paulisangryabout

notbeinginvitedtotheparty.

Teenagersoftenhavedifficulty(in)expressingthemselves.

Theheavysnowpreventedthem(from)goingtotheconcert.-ing分詞前的介詞有時(shí)省略，主要見于口語，特別常見于美式英語。提示2.作狀語：表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況或行為方式

（1）表示時(shí)間e.g.Openingthedoor,Isawnobodyin.(=WhenIopened

thedoor)Whilewaitingforthetrain,ImetPaterTaylor.(=WhileIwaswaitingforthetrain)（2）表示原因e.g.Beingwelltakencareof,sherecoveredquickly.

Havingworkedhardallday,Iwasreadyforbedby

eighto’clock.如帶從屬連詞，通常是when，while，whenever等。-ing分詞分句作狀語比相應(yīng)的限定分句正式，文學(xué)色彩較濃。提示1提示2（3）表示條件e.g.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.

Evenifreceivingvisitors,patientsmustobservenormal

hospitalrules.（4）表示讓步e.g.Knowingallthis,theystillinsistedonmypayingforthedamage.

Whetherwakingorsleeping,thesubjectisalwaysinhismind.表示原因不帶從屬連詞。提示如帶從屬連詞，通常是if，once，evenif，unless，且通常限于真實(shí)條件句。提示如帶從屬連詞，通常是though，although，whether...or等。提示（5）表示結(jié)果e.g.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.Abombexplodedatthehotelyesterdayafternoon,killingsevenpeople.（6）表示伴隨狀況或行為方式e.g.Theoldmanwasfastasleep,holdingabookinhishand.Alicestoppedspeakingasifwaitingforhimtospeak.表示結(jié)果不帶從屬連詞，位于句末。提示表示行為方式的從屬連詞一般是asif和asthough。提示備注①*Becarefulwhilecrossthestreet.②*Although

worked

very

hard,

he

failed

to

turnin

his

research

paper

on

time.

①Becarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.√

或Becarefulwhileyoucrossthestreet.√②

Although

working

very

hard,

he

failed

to

turn

in

his

research

paper

on

time.√

或Although

heworked

very

hard,

he

failed

to

turnin

his

research

paper

on

time.√典型錯(cuò)誤3

Thisisoneoftheissuesthatdeserve__________.(2016-17)

A.B.C.D.beingmentionedmentioningtomentionformention該題考查動詞deserve之后用-ing分詞主動形式表被動意義的用法。英語中表示“需要”、“值得”等含義的動詞need，require，want，deserve之后可以用-ing分詞表被動意義，deservementioning相當(dāng)于deservetobementioned，因此B為正確答案。參見《教程》P239。這是值得提及的問題之一。Pleasepardon________you.(2014-58)A.B.C.D.mydisturbingdisturbingmetodisturbthatIdisturb該題考查動詞與-ing分詞的搭配及-ing分詞的邏輯主語問題。及物動詞pardon之后只能帶-ing分詞而不能帶不定式，也不能接that-分句，因此C、D均不正確。該句為祈使句，disturbing的邏輯主語顯然不是聽話人“you”，而是說話人“I”，因此其邏輯主語也不能省略，需要用物主限定詞或代詞賓格表示出來，因此A為正確答案。參見《教程》P236。請?jiān)徫掖驍_你了。Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasanobject?(2012-58)A.B.C.D.Hedoesn’tliketheideaofmyspeakingatthemeeting.Itisnouseyourpretendingnottoknowthematter.Herfallingintotheriverwastheclimaxofthewholetrip.Myparentsstronglyobjecttomygoingoutaloneatnight.該題考查-ing分詞分句的句法功能。A項(xiàng)意為“他不喜歡我在會上發(fā)言的想法”，句中斜體部分為介詞詞組作theidea的后置修飾語；B項(xiàng)意為“你裝作不知道這件事，這樣沒有用”，-ing分詞分句作真正主語，it為形式主語；C項(xiàng)意為“她掉入河中成了整個(gè)旅程中的高潮部分”，-ing分詞分句作主語；D項(xiàng)意為“我的父母強(qiáng)烈反對我晚上獨(dú)自外出”，-ing分詞分句作介詞to的賓語。因此D為正確答案。哪個(gè)句子的斜體部分充當(dāng)賓語？________shouldnotbecomeaseriousdisadvantageinlifeandwork.(2010-65)A.B.C.D.TobenottallNotbeingtallBeingnottallNottobetall該題考查-ing分詞分句作主語的用法以及-ing分詞的否定式。-ing分詞分句和不定式分句都可以作主語，在意義上相近，但是-ing分詞分句多用來表示泛指的、抽象的、已知的意義，不定式分句多用來表示特指的、具體的、將來的動作。該句中“個(gè)子不高”是一種抽象的、已知的概念，應(yīng)該用-ing分詞分句，其否定式是在-ing分詞之前加not，因此B為正確答案。A、C不是正確的否定式。個(gè)子不高不應(yīng)成為生活和工作中的一大劣勢。“Themanpreparingthedocumentsisthefirm’slawyer”hasallthefollowingpossiblemeaningsEXCEPT_______.(2009-65)A.B.C.D.themanwhohaspreparedthedocuments...themanwhohasbeenpreparingthedocuments...themanwhoispreparingthedocuments...themanwhowillpreparethedocuments...該題考查對-ing分詞作后置修飾語的意義的理解。該句-ing分詞在句中作后置修飾語，-ing分詞可表示主動或進(jìn)行的動作，但是不可以表示將來，表將來應(yīng)該用不定式作后置修飾語。因此選D。A項(xiàng)表主動，B項(xiàng)表主動和進(jìn)行，C項(xiàng)表主動和進(jìn)行，均為-ing分詞的可能意義。“Themanpreparingthedocumentsisthefirm’slawyer”有下列所有可能的意義，除了______。______,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.(1998-45)A.B.C.D.ObtainingnotaticketforthematchNotobtainingaticketforthematchNothavingobtainedaticketforthematchNotobtainedaticketforthematch該題考查-ing分詞的完成體作原因狀語的用法以及-ing分詞的否定式。分句的邏輯主語和動詞obtain是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用-ing分詞。又因?yàn)椤艾F(xiàn)在在家看電視”是此前未能買到票的結(jié)果，所以應(yīng)該用-ing分詞的完成體來表示已完成的動作，因此C為正確答案。注意：-ing分詞完成體的否定式為nothavingdone。由于此前沒有買到比賽的票，他現(xiàn)在只能在家里觀看比賽的電視轉(zhuǎn)播。Ininternationalmatches,prestigeissoimportantthattheonlythingthatmattersistoavoid______.(1996-48)A.B.C.D.frombeingbeatenbeingbeatenbeatingtobebeaten該題考查動詞avoid與-ing分詞的搭配。及物動詞avoid只能帶-ing分詞而不能帶不定式作賓語。根據(jù)句意，動詞avoid跟賓語beating之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用beating的被動式，因此B為正確答案。在國際比賽中，聲望是極其重要的，因此唯一重要的事就是避免被擊敗。Heresented______towait.Heexpectedtheminister______himatonce.(1995-53)A.B.C.D.tobeasked,toseebeingasked,toseetobeasked,seeingbeingasked,seeing該題考查動詞resent與-ing分詞的搭配以及expect與不定式的搭配。動詞resent只能帶-ing分詞而不能帶不定式作賓語，動詞expect只能帶不定式而不能帶-ing分詞作賓補(bǔ)。又因?yàn)榫渲袆釉~resent跟賓語asking之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用asking的被動式，因此B為正確答案。他討厭被要求等候，他期待部長馬上接見他。Henoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Thentohisastonishment,hesawaropeladder______outandthreemenclimbingdownit.(1995-52)A.B.C.D.throwingbeingthrownhavingthrownhavingbeenthrown該題考查感官動詞之后用-ing分詞被動態(tài)作賓語補(bǔ)語的用法。感官動詞see可用-ing分詞、不定式及-ed分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語，句中aropeladder與throw是被動關(guān)系，通常情況下是用-ed分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語，但考慮到后面的平行結(jié)構(gòu)用了-ing分詞climbing，說明這里表達(dá)被動和進(jìn)行，即表達(dá)“繩梯正在被扔出”的過程，應(yīng)該用-ing分詞的被動態(tài)形式，因此B為正確答案。另外，感官動詞接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語就表示動作的已完成，不與-ing分詞的完成體形式連用，因此D不對。他注意到直升飛機(jī)在田野上空盤旋，接下來讓他吃驚的是，他看到一架繩梯從飛機(jī)里扔出來，三個(gè)人正順著它往下爬。Ineverregretted______hisoffer,foritwasnotwheremyinterestlay.(1993-53)A.B.C.D.nottoacceptnothavingacceptedhavingnotacceptednotaccepting該題考查動詞regret與-ing分詞的搭配以及-ing分詞的否定式。動詞regret既可接不定式作賓語也可接-ing分詞作賓語，兩者的區(qū)別在于：regrettodosth.意為“對將要做的事表示遺憾”，regretdoingsth.意為“后悔做了某事”。根據(jù)句意，此處指后悔做過了某事，應(yīng)該用-ing分詞的完成體形式，因此B為正確答案。C不是正確的否定形式，D沒用完成體。我從不為沒有接受他的提議而后悔，因?yàn)槟遣皇俏业呐d趣所在。本講主要介紹了-ing分詞和動詞的搭配關(guān)系，既能直接帶不定式又能直接帶-ing分詞的動詞，-ing分詞分句的結(jié)構(gòu)模式和句法功能。學(xué)習(xí)中首先掌握-ing分詞的四種語法形式及其否定式，理解-ing分詞的完成體、被動態(tài)的意義及用法。-ing分詞和動詞的搭配關(guān)系的學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)是掌握能帶-ing分詞而不能帶不定式作賓語的常見動詞，這些動詞通常表示說話人對客觀事實(shí)所作出的反應(yīng)，可以利用熟詞帶生詞、同（近）義詞、反義詞來聯(lián)想記憶。注意need，want，require，deserve等動詞之后的-ing分詞用主動形式表被動意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動態(tài)。既能帶不定式又能帶-ing分詞而意義不同的動詞可分組學(xué)習(xí)，remember/forget/regret等詞的用法與時(shí)間先后有關(guān)，try/mean/can’thelp等詞的用法取決于動詞本身的不同含義，stop/goon/leaveoff等詞與句法功能有關(guān)。-ing分詞分句通常不帶自己的主語，其邏輯主語通常可在上下文或情景中得以判定；-ing分詞分句有時(shí)可通過帶從屬連詞明示它與主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系；-ing分詞分句也能帶自己的主語，作動詞賓語、介詞補(bǔ)足成分（介詞賓語）時(shí)用名詞通格、代詞的賓格或?qū)俑瘢瑤е髡Z的-ing分詞分句可以構(gòu)成“獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”，常用作狀語。-ing分詞分句既可用作主語、賓語、主語補(bǔ)語、賓語補(bǔ)語、狀語等句子成分，也可用作名詞修飾語、介詞補(bǔ)足成分等詞組成分。-ing分詞分句可用作各種狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況或行為方式等。-ing分詞分句作狀語比相應(yīng)的限定分句更為正式，建議在寫作中學(xué)習(xí)使用。1.2.3.04.5.Hewasinlowspiritsandevenconsidered________(go)away.Practise________(put)thetipofyourtonguebetweenyourteethandblowing:Youwillpronounceperfectth’s!Ican’thelp________(wonder)whetherweshouldrisk________(go)withoutraincoats.Mymotherdetested________(go)toclassicalconcertssoIneverlearned_____________(appreciate)classicalmusicuntilIwasoldenough________(start)acollectionofrecords.Hedidn’tfeellike________(work),sohesuggested________(spend)thedayinthegarden.goingputtingwonderinggoinggoingtoappreciatetostartspendingworking6.7.08.9.10.Youstillhavealot________(learn)ifyou’llforgivemy________(say)so.Timdecided________(put)brokenglassontopofhiswall___________(prevent)boys__________(climb)overit.Youcertainlymustn’tmiss________(see)thiswonderfulfilm.Doyourecollect__________(tell)Johnaboutthenewhouse?Weallappreciateyour________(want)________(help)usinourdifficulties.tolearntoputseeingtellingwantingsayingtopreventclimbingtohelp11.12.13.14.15.Michaelalwaysdefers________(do)hishomeworktillthelastmoment.Thewitnessdenied__________(see)theaccusedman.Michaelhasdelayed________(write)tohertilltoday.A:I’mthinkingof________(fly)toOxfordtomorrowinmyhelicopter.Wouldyoulike________(come)?B:No,thanks.Iwant________(go)toOxford,butI’drather________(go)bytrain.Iloathe________(fly).Ifwebuyplentyoffoodnow,itwillsave__________(shop)againnextweek.doinghavingseenwritingflyingshoppingtocometogogoflying16.17.18.19.Thepeasantboyswore________(take)revengeonhisfather’smurderer.Thelawforbids________(sell)liquortominors.Ididn’tmean________(eat)anythingbutthecakeslookedsogoodthatIcouldn’tresist________(try)one.A:Idon’tmind__________(travel)bybus,butIhate________________(stand)inqueues.B:Idon’tcarefor________(queue)either;andyouwastesomuchtime________(wait)forbuses.Ithinkit’sbetter________(go)bytubeortaxi.totakesellingtoeattravellingstanding/tostandqueuingwaitingtogotrying20.A:Wouldyouchildrenmind________(keep)quietforamoment?I’mtrying________(fill)upaform.B:It’snouse________(ask)children________(keep)quiet.Theycan’thelp________(make)anoise.keepingtofillaskingtokeepmaking1.02.03.0Hedidn’tevenacknowledgethathehadreceivedtheinvitation.Ididn’trecallthathehadsaidanysuchthing.Theaccusedpretendedthathedidn’tunderstandthelawyer’squestions.Hedidn’tevenacknowledgereceiving/havingreceivedtheinvitation.Ididn’trecall

him/hissaying/havingsaidanysuchthing.Theaccusedpretendednottounderstandthelawyer’squestions.4.05.06.07.TheheadmastersuggestedthatIshouldtrytheexaminationagainthefollowingyear.Doyouanticipatethattherewillbeanyrealproblemingettingsupport?Surelyhewon’tdenythathewasthereonthatoccasion.IvowedthatIwouldneverfollowhisadviceagain.Theheadmastersuggestedmytryingtheexaminationagainthefollowingyear.Doyouanticipatetherebeinganyrealproblemingettingsupport?Surelyhewon’tdenybeingthereonthatoccasion.Ivowednevertofollowhisadviceagain.8.9.10.Noteacherwouldprofessthatheknowsalltheanswers.Ican’timaginethathewouldeveragreetosuchaproposition(計(jì)劃).

IhopethatIwillhavereadthisbookbynextFriday.Noteacherwouldprofesstoknowalltheanswers.Ican’timaginehim/hiseveragreeingtosuchaproposition.IhopetohavereadthisbookbynextFriday.1.02.03.4.5.6.Mostpeopleprefer________(spend)moneyto________(earn)it.Sorry,wedon’tallow________(smoke)inthelectureroom.Thisproblemdemands________________(lookinto).Thedoctoradvised________(take)exercise.Try________(put)insomemorevinegar—thatmightmakeittasteabitbetter.Ourteacherhaspromised____________(help)us___________(prepare)fortheexaminationswhichhehasputoff________(hold)tillnextweek.spendingsmokingtobelookedintotakingearningputtingtohelp(to)prepareholding7.8.9.10.11.Shebegan_____________(understand)whathereallywanted.Iresented________(be)unjustlyaccusedandaskedhim_____________(apologize).Iremember_______(hear)him______(say)thegrassneeded________________(cut).It’ssilly________(risk)________(get)yourfeetwet.I’vealwaysloved_______(act).I’dlove_______(see)you________(wear)aRomantogaand________(recite)Shakespeare.tounderstandbeingtoapologizehearingsaycutting/tobecuttoriskgettingactingwearingrecitingtosee12.13.14.15.16.17.Ihate__________(mention)it,butyouowemesomemoney.Iregret________(tell)youthattheentryfortheexamisclosed.Iadviseyou________(wait)before________(decide)________(accept)thejob.Trainingtobeasingermeans__________(practise)atleasttwohourseveryday.Shegenerallybegins________(knit)afterlunch.Iwishhewouldstop____________(pretend)tobeanexpertonByzantineArt.tomentiontotelltowaitdecidingtoacceptpracticingknittingpretending18.19.20.Idislike________(be)lookedatwhile___________(attempt)________(learn)________(ski).Iappreciate___________(you,want)________(help)myfriend,butit’stimehelearnt__________(practise)________(do)hisworkalone.Iknowyouwillpardon_________(I,say)so,butyoukeep________(give)ustoomanyhardwords________(spell)inEnglish.beingyourwantingmysayinggivingtospellattemptingtolearnskiingtohelptopractisedoing1.02.03.0a.Theboywantswatching.__________________________________________b.Theboywantstowatch.__________________________________________a.Themantriedturningthekeyanotherway.__________________________________________b.Themantriedtoturnthekeyanotherway.__________________________________________

a.I’vequiteforgottenputtingitthere.__________________________________________b.I’vequiteforgottentoputitthere.__________________________________________Thatboyoughttobewatched.Thatboywantstoseewhatishappening.Themanexperimentedbyturningthekeyanotherway.Themanmadeanattempttoturnthekeyanotherway.Iputitthere,butI’vequiteforgottenwhatIdid.Ithasn’toccurredtomethatIshouldputitthere.Expandthefollowingsentencessoastoclarifythedifferenceinmeaningbetweenthetwomembersofeachpair.4.05.

a.Ican’thelpapologizing.__________________________________________b.Ican’thelptoapologizeforhim.__________________________________________a.Revolutionmeansliberatingtheproductiveforces.____________________________________________________________________________________b.Theymeanttoliberatetheproductiveforces.__________________________________________Icannotbutapologize.Ican’thelphimtoapologizeforhiswrongdoing.Themeaningofrevolutionistheliberationoftheproductiveforces.Theyintendedtoliberatetheproductiveforces.1.02.03.4.05.她買好車票以后就開始收拾行李。你們對執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃有什么反對意見嗎？重修這條運(yùn)河已經(jīng)給國民經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來許多好處。看到面前坐著這么多人，她感到很緊張。我在四川住過許多年，對那里情況很了解。Afterbookingtheticket,shebegantopackherthings.Haveyouanyobjectiontocarryingoutthisplan?Rebuildingthiscanalhasalreadybroughtmanybenefitstoournationaleconomy.Seeingsomanypeoplebeforeher,shefeltverynervous.HavinglivedinSichuanformanyyears,Iknowthatplaceverywell.6.07.08.09.10.我們開始敲門，以為那就是他的住所。天氣這樣暖和，有人建議在露天舉行晚會。她坐在那里一聲不響，淚水順著面頰流下來。當(dāng)他到達(dá)村里時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)姑娘們正在田里摘棉花。昨天下午老師撞見幾個(gè)小學(xué)生在教室里抽煙。Webegantoknockatthedoor,thinkingthatwashishome.Theweatherbeingsowarm,someonesuggestedhavingthepartyintheopenair.Shesattheresilent,tearsstreamingdownhercheeks.Whenhegottothevillage,hefoundthegirlspickingcottoninthefields.Yesterdayafternoontheschoolmastercaughtsomepupilssmokingcigarettesintheclassroom.策劃：李冰詩責(zé)任編輯：倪淦英主編：劉升策劃制作：曹曉英邱麗津美術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)：林小彬晟景科技（廈門）股份有限公司

制作上海外語教育出版社出版?上海外語教育出版社，2022版權(quán)所有翻版必究新世紀(jì)高等院校英語專業(yè)本科生系列教材（修訂版）新編英語語法教程（第6版）電子課件句①中suggest與advise不同，它不能和“賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)連用，其后可以接-ing分詞或-that分句。句②remember之后用不定式表示動作發(fā)生在“記得”之后，而句中“在哪里見過他”發(fā)生在“記得”之前，應(yīng)該用-ing分詞，不能用不定式。句①從屬分句的邏輯主語是主句的主語，即泛指的人們，且與謂語動詞之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用-ing分詞分句，或者補(bǔ)充邏輯主語改為限定分句。句②非限定分句的謂語動詞與其邏輯主語he之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用-ing分詞分句，或者補(bǔ)充邏輯主語改為限定分句。consider只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。practise只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。can’thelp表示“忍不住”之意時(shí)只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語；risk也只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。detest（厭惡）只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語；表示成功“學(xué)會”了某種技巧，learn之后用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)；句型“主語＋be+adj.+enoughtodosth.”意為“某人/某物足夠…可以做某事”。feellike只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語；suggest只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。表達(dá)“有很多東西要學(xué)”需用havealottolearn，不定式作后置修飾語；表達(dá)“原諒某人做某事”，需用forgivesb./sb.’sdoingsth.，forgive后用-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。decide只能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語；不定式結(jié)構(gòu)toprevent...在句中作目的狀語，相當(dāng)于inordertoprevent…；搭配preventsb.(from)doingsth.意為“阻止某人做某事”。miss（錯(cuò)過）只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，missdoingsth.意為“錯(cuò)過做某事”。recollect（想起）只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，recollectdoingsth.意為“記得曾做過某事”。appreciate只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，句中的your為-ing分詞的邏輯主語；表達(dá)某人“想要做某事”，用wanttodosth.。defer（推遲）只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，deferdoingsth.意為“推遲干某事”。deny只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，因?yàn)椤皊ee（看見）”發(fā)生在“denied（否認(rèn)）”之前，所以這里用完成體更好。delay只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。of為介詞，后接-ing分詞作賓語，thinkofdoingsth.意為“打算/考慮做某事”；wouldlike后只能接不定式作賓語；表達(dá)“想要做某事”用wanttodosth.；在情態(tài)成語wouldrather后需接無to不定式；動詞loathe只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，loathedoingsth.意為“討厭干某事”。save只能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，savedoingsth.=savesb.thetroubleofdoingsth.意為“省去（某人）做某事的麻煩”。swear只能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)而不能帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，sweartodosth.意為“發(fā)誓要做某事”。forbid能直接帶-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，不能直接帶不定式，但可以先帶賓語再帶不定式。mean既可以接不定式作賓語，也可以接-ing分詞作賓語，但是含義不