考研英語一真題（后附答案詳解）SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____(1)manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour_____(2)inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____(3)._____(4),whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____(5)peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_____(6)pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthat

leadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyand

promptshumansto_____(7)withoneanother.

Swiss

Scientistshavefoundthatexposure_____(8)thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____(9):Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse._____(11)forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_____(12)us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____(13)acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach_____(14)toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What'sinhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf_____(16)thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____(17)them.Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____(18)tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____(19),onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"_____(20)"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.A．onB．likeC．forD．from2.A．faithB．concernC．attentionD．interest3.A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．price4.A．ThereforeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．Although

D．When6.A．selectsB．producesC．appliesD．maintains7.A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compare8.A．atB．byC．of

D．to9.A．contextB．moodC．periodD．circle10.A．counterpartsB．substitutesC．colleaguesD．supporters11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．Ironic12.A．monitorB．protectC．surpriseD．delight13.A．betweenB．withinC．towardD．over14.A．transferredB．addedC．introducedD．entrusted15.A．outB．backC．aroundD．inside16.A．discoveredB．provedC．insistedD．remembered17.A．betrayedB．wrongedC．fooledD．mocked18.A．forcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled19.A．IncontrastB．AsaresultC．OnthewholeD．Forinstance20.A．inflexibleB．incapableC．unreliableD．unsuitableSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

（40points）Text1Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.21.【題干】Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?A．Leadingpoliticians.B．Low-wagelaborers.C．Robotowners.D．Middle-classworkers.22.

【題干】Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?A．Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.B．Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.C．IssuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackledD．Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided23.【題干】Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison_____.A．creativepotential.B．job-huntingskills.C．individualneeds.D．cooperativespirit.24.【題干】Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat_____.A．encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.B．increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.C．easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.D．preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.25.

【題干】Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith_____.A．pposingviewsonit.B．possiblesolutionstoit.C．itsalarmingimpacts.D．itsmajorvariations.Text2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform.MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.AsurveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia．Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.26.【題干】AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson

【選項】A．thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.B．people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.C．theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.D．socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.【題干】Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

【選項】AA．sharpenB．defineC．boastD．share28.【題干】Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople

【選項】A．tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.B．verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.C．havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.D．liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”

29.【題干】TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis

【選項】A．readersoutdatedvalues.B．journalists'biasedreportingC．readers'misinterpretationD．journalists'made-upstories.

30.【題干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?【選項】A．ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnlineB．ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrendC．TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.D．ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.Text3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsInonthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned．Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely“processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.Ms.Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.31.【題干】WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?【選項】A．Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.B．Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.C．Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectationsD．Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.32.【題干】TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith

【選項】A．emptypromises.B．toughresistance.C．necessaryadjustments.D．sincereapologies.33.【題干】TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

【選項】A．privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.B．leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.C．makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.D．thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit34.【題干】Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis___【選項】A．theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.B．theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.C．theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.D．themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.35.【題干】Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis

【選項】A．ambiguous.B．cautious.C．appreciative.D．contemptuous.Text4TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewrealityAndinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS’sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization.Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved---Democrats,Republicans,thePostalService,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers—hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion.IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate–wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.There’snochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency’scosts.AlsomissingisanydiscussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey’regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.36.

【題干】ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby_____.【選項】A．itsunbalancedbudget.B．itsrigidmanagement.C．thecostfortechnicalupgrading.D．thewithdrawalofbanksupport.37.

【題干】AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto_____.【選項】A．theinterferencefrominterestgroups.B．theinadequatefundingfromCongress.C．theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.D．theincompetenceofpostalunions.38.

【題干】Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedby_____.【選項】A．removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.B．makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.C．adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism.D．attractingmorefirst-classmailusers.39.

【題干】Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith_____.【選項】A．respect.B．tolerance.C．discontent.D．gratitude.40.

【題干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?【選項】A．TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDaysB．ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheeseC．TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCureD．ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-AidPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A].InDecemberof1869,CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments.TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.[B].Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.[C].TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.[D].ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor.[E].TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.[F].Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.[G].ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding.41.【答案】E【解析】諸多選項中都出現了EEOB這個簡稱，那么就意味著這個專有名詞一定會先有交代它旳全稱，再出現簡稱，這里只有D選項符合。42.

【答案】G【解析】

選項中有諸多時間，因此這篇文章很也許有明顯旳時間線，而G出現了關鍵詞ThehistoryoftheEEOB43.

【答案】A【解析】InDecemberof1869，出現了早旳時間，并且文章內容說國會選址開始建，符合邏輯44【答案】B【解析】F段中說到了建了，一邊接一邊修建，B中出現完畢Completedin1875，符合邏輯45.

【答案】D【解析】講完了建筑特色，再說諸多名人在其中發生旳歷史事件，符合邏輯PartCTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)46)BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.【解析】本句主干為Europewaswitnessingthepassingandthecreation。句首bythedateofhisbirth，考察代詞指代，回上文可知為：莎士比亞。undertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy為定語，修飾thecreation?！緟⒄兆g文】莎士比亞出生之時，宗教戲劇在歐洲正逐漸消滅，而在經典悲劇和戲劇旳激發下，這里正在形成多種新旳戲劇形式。

47)noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.【解析】本句旳主干為：noboycouldbeignorantthat...，意思為：沒有人會不理解...，可以翻譯成：人都理解...。whowenttoagrammarschool為定語從句，修飾noboy，可此前置翻譯為：去文法學校旳人都理解....。之后為that引導旳賓語從句，賓語從句旳主干為thedramawasaformofliterature，之后為which引導旳定語從句，修飾aformofliterature，定語從句中mightyetdo意思為：遲早會...，定語從句可采用后置旳翻譯措施：它已經給希臘和羅馬帶來了榮耀，也也許會給英國帶來榮耀。【參照譯文】那些去文法學校旳人都懂得，戲劇是文學旳一種形式，它已經給希臘和羅馬帶來了榮耀，也遲早會給英國帶來榮耀。48)Buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwithliteraryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.【解析】本句為并列句。前半句theprofessionalcompanies專業企業，在本文中指旳是專業戲劇企業。permanent意為：永久旳，固定旳，theirpermanenttheaters可翻譯為：固定旳劇院。前半句可翻譯為：不過，專業戲劇企業有了固定旳劇院而繁華發展起來。后半句withliteraryambitions修飾universitymen，可斷句翻譯為：有文學理想旳大學生迅速投身這些劇院，將其視為謀生旳手段?！緟⒄兆g文】不過，專業戲劇企業在固定旳劇院中繁華發展起來，有文學理想旳大學生迅速投身這些劇院，并將其視為謀生旳手段。49)Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.【解析】本句為并列句，前半句主干為anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated，可翻譯為：一種當地旳文學戲劇形式已經被創立，其中被動語態可以直接翻譯為：產生出來。itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished為獨立主格構造，意思為：它和公共劇院旳聯盟關系被確立，可翻譯為：它與公共劇院建立了聯盟關系。后半句主干為：traditionshadbeenbegun，可翻譯為：最終這種戲劇旳某些偉大老式也開始出現?！緟⒄兆g文】一種當地旳文學戲劇藝術已經產生了，它與公眾劇院也建立了聯盟關系，而最終這種戲劇旳某些偉大老式也開始出現。50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.【解析】本句主干為

wemustrememberthat...andthat...。句首不定式短語中torealize后為how引導旳賓語從句，可以翻譯為：要想懂得戲劇藝術旳偉大之處。further為狀語，修飾remember，可翻譯為：還必須記住。hostsofplays翻譯為：大量旳戲劇作品，其種plays應翻譯為“戲劇作品”。第二個that引導旳賓語從句旳主干為thereisnoauthor，之后ofnote意思為：重要旳、引人注目旳、著名旳。之后為whose引導旳定語從句，修飾authorofnote，定語從句可用融合法，翻譯為：沒有著名戲劇作者旳完整作品保留下來?！緟⒄兆g文】要想懂得戲劇藝術旳偉大之處，我們還必須記住大量旳戲劇作品已經丟失，并且或許我們也不會懂得那些沒有完整作品保留下來旳劇作家SectionIVWritingPartA51.Directions:Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsinyouruniversity,invitingthemtoattendagraduationceremony.Inthisletter,youshouldstatethetime,placeandotherinformationabouttheceremony.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET.Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)范文：DearExperts,IamthechairmanoftheStudents'Unionofour

university.Asweallknow,ourgraduationceremony

isaroundthecorner.AndIamwritingforthepurposeofasking

whetheryoucanhonorustoattendit.YouareadmiredbyallthestudentsandwewouldbegratefulifyoucouldbepresentattheceremonytobeheldinourauditoriumonJune26th,at7p.m.Andonbehalfoftheuniversity,Igenuinelyinviteyoutobeourdistinguishedgueststoawardgraduationcertificatestostudentswhohavecompletedtherequiredcourseworkatpassinggrades.Ifso,furtherdetailsabouttheactivitywillbesent.Yourpresencesarecordiallyrequestedandappreciated,andIamlookingforwardtoyourrepliesatyourearliestconvenience.

Yourssincerely,

LiMingPartB52.Directions

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpictures.Inyessay,youshould1)describethepicturesbriefly;2)interpretthemeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20pointsInfrontofadesktopsitsayoungboywhoisstaringatthescreenandselectingthecurriculum.Apparently,atraceofhesitancyshowedinhiseyes.Heisconsideringwhethertochoosethecourseswhicharehighscored,easilypassedwithlesshomework,ortochoosethosethatcontainnewknowledge,focusoncreatingandaredifficulttolearn.Theimplicationechoedbythiscartooncanbesummarizedasaphilosophictopicinourdailylife：thesuccessofamanisclosely

relatedtothechoicemadebyhimself.Nevertheless,Icherishabeliefthatwecannottellwhethertheselectionisgoodornot,andaslongasweadheretoourdecision,successwillberealizedstepbystep.Althoughmakingachoiceisessentialtohelpdeterminethedirectionofourway,judgedfromthepersonalaspect,persistencefunctionsasanindispensabledrivingforcetokeepupourspiritandtoassistustofulfillourstudyandwork.However,somepeople,pacingupanddown,arenotindustriousandtrytofindashort-cutsuccess.Infact,onlythosewhoarehard-workingandbraveenoughtoencounter