短文改錯（詳細版）考點1：名詞的數與格的誤用1.(2022全國Ⅱ卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.2.(2022全國Ⅲ卷)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.3.(2022全國I卷)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.4.(2022全國II卷)Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwasverycrowded.…heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing.(2022全國I卷)Sincethen—foralltheseyear—wehavebeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.6.(2022全國II卷)Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportsforonehoureveryday.7.(2022全國I卷)Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktograyovertheyears.8.(2022全國II卷)WhenteagotpopularinBritain,therewasacryingneedforgoodcupwithhandlestosuitBritishhabits.9.(2022全國課標卷)FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,Idestroyedeachofmytoy.10.(2022全國課標卷)Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.11.(2022全國課標卷)WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.解答這類題主要有6條依據：1.依據可數名詞與不可數名詞的用法特點。可數名詞大于一時要用復數，不可數名詞一般沒有復數形式。如air,milk,water等物質名詞與music,advice,funknowledge等抽象名詞是不可數名詞，一般是沒有復數形式的。還有luggage,furniture,equipment等都是容易出錯的不可數名詞。2.依據名詞前的修飾語。如名詞前有these,those,ten等修飾時，應當用復數。如［真題再練］第5題，theseyear就錯了，要用theseyears才正確。3.依據主謂一致原則。如果謂語動詞是復數，主語也應是復數；如果謂語動詞是單數，主語也應是單數。如［真題再練］第3題，謂語動詞isgetting是單數，而主語airs是復數，因此這里一定有問題。4.依據上下文信息。如［真題再練］第4題，Tonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent，湯姆是同他的父親或母親，還是同他父母一起去商場？下文hisparentsweremissing告訴我們，是同父母一起去的，故parent應當用復數。5.依據生活常識。如［真題再練］第7題，一個人的肩膀是有左有右的，應當用復數。如果沒有這個常識就無法正確指出withbroadshoulder這一錯誤。6.依據邏輯意義。如［真題再練］第11題，“當我最終到達朋友時”，“到達朋友”怎么講得通呢？這里一定有問題，應當是“到達朋友的家”才通順。名詞是短文改錯的常考點，最近4年9套題中考了8次。主要考查名詞的“數”，偶爾考名詞的“格”，具體有3點：1.不可數名詞沒有復數，文中卻用了復數。如［真題再練］第1、3、10題。要牢記常見的不可數名詞，如：fun,advice,information,work(工作),homework,housework,progress,luggage,baggage,time(時間),furniture,equipment,money等。2.可數名詞該用復數時，文中卻用了單數。如［真題再練］第2、4、5、6、7、8、9題。顯然，這是考查的重點。要注意可數名詞前有these,those,several,few,many,acoupleof(幾個),alargenumberof,alotof,lotsof,eachof,oneof,或大于1的數詞修飾時，以及雖無這些詞修飾，但根據語境其意義大于1時，一定要用復數形式。3.表示“某人的”本應用名詞的所有格，文中卻沒用。如［真題再練］第11題。注意，以下情況中，名詞所有格后的名詞可省略：abutcher’s(shop)肉鋪，atailor’s(shop)裁縫店，abarber’s(shop)理發店，adoctor’s(office)診所，mysister’s(home)我姐姐家，其中shop,office,home等表示處所的詞都可以省略，直接用名詞所有格表示。鞏固練習：1.(2022全國課標卷)…hestoppedataboxofgoldenballforChristmastrees.2.(2022全國課標卷)TherearetwogirlsfrommycoursehereandIplantomakefriendwiththemsothatwecanhelpeachotherwiththecoursework.3.(2022全國課標卷)Morethan1000paintingwillbeonshow…4.(2022全國課標卷)WelistenedtomyCDstogetherandsoonbecamebestfriend.5.(2022大綱卷II)Waterisimportant.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlivewithoutwater…6.(2022大綱卷I)OneofmyunforgettablememoryofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatofluncheswebroughtfromourhomes.7.(2022大綱卷II)Mybrotherwassofondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentstostayanothercoupleofday.8.(2022大綱卷II)Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.9.(2022大綱卷II)Istayedthereforoneandahalfhourandmadesurethatthegirlwasallright.10.(2022大綱卷I)I’dliketostaythereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterestandpracticingmyEnglishaswell.11.(2022大綱卷II)Itwillbelotsoffunpracticingoutintheplaygroundintheafternoonwiththetreearoundusallredandyellowandeverybodylaughingandshouting.12.(2022大綱卷)Inmyfamily,therearethreepeoples.13.(2022大綱卷)Athome,myfatheroftenthinksI’msilly.HesaysifIdecidetodosomething,ittakeshimmuchtimestostopme.14.(2022大綱卷I)Heagreedtoreadmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.(2022大綱卷II)Third,sinceIamfamiliarwithBeijing,Icanhelpvisitorsfindtheirwaysinthecity.16.(2022大綱卷I)Ilookedathisotherhands.“ButGrandpa,whydoyouhavemorelinesonthatone?”17.(2022全國課標卷)IfirstmetLiMingatafriendbirthdaypartyfiveyearsago.考點2：代詞的誤用與漏用1.(2022全國Ⅱ卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.2.(2022全國Ⅲ卷)IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself.3.(2022全國Ⅲ卷)Atfirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.However,myparentsdidn’tseemtothinksuch.4.(2022全國Ⅲ卷)Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverneedhelp.5.(2022全國I卷)Wemustfindwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso,we’lllivetoregretit.6.(2022新課標卷II)Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents.7.(2022全國I卷)Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothers…8.(2022全國課標卷)Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingswentwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.9.(2022全國課標卷)Forawhile,parentsboughtmenewtoys.解答這類題需注意兩點：弄清指代對象。凡是核查代詞是否有錯，關鍵是弄清該代詞的指代對象，即到底是指代誰或什么，指人還是物，是男還是女，是單數還是復數。留意三無名詞。即要特別留意前面無冠詞、無物主代詞、無不定代詞的名詞。遇到三無名詞，要自問：是泛指嗎？如果不是泛指，具體又是誰呢？如［真題再練］第9題，“父母給我買了新玩具”，是泛指天下所有的父母？不是！是誰的父母給我買玩具？我的父母！故parents前應加上my。代詞是短文改錯的常考點，4年9套題中考了8處，2022年全國Ⅲ卷有多達3處代詞錯漏。主要從5個方面考查代詞。1.不一致。如［真題再練］第1、2、5題，都屬這種情況。不一致。如［真題再練］第8題，it與指代對象thetoys在單復數上不一致。3.不一致。如前后談的是一個女人，卻冒出he或his來，反之亦然。4.的漏用。如［真題再練］第4、6、9題。其他：this,that,it的區別；anything與everything的區別；so,such的區別，反身代詞與人稱代詞作賓語的區別；物主代詞與物主代詞的區別；人稱代詞的與的誤用；人稱代詞與物主代詞的誤用等等。鞏固練習1.(2022全國課標卷)Convinced,Nickhasbroughtthepricedownto10centsapiece.Withoutamoment’sdelay,myneighborpickeduptheboxandannounced“I’lltakethem.”2.(2022全國課標卷)I’mgladtosaythatanythinghasworkedoutfineinthedorm.3.(2022全國課標卷)I’mgoingtoattendminefirstlessonthisafternoon,soI’vegotsomepreparationstomake.Keepintouch.4.(2022全國課標卷)Weareorganizinganartexhibitionforhighschoolstudentsinthecity.Thiswillbeheldonthe9thofJulyintheExhibitionHallofBeihai.5.(2022全國課標卷)…we’dliketoinviteyoutotheexhibition.Wewouldbegratefulifyoucouldjointhemthatday.6.(2022年全國課標卷)Threeyearsago,LiMing’sparentsinvitedItospendtwowonderfulweeksinQingdaowiththemduringthesummerholiday.7.(2022大綱卷)Otherwise,itisimpossibleforhimtohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiplastlong.8.(2022大綱卷II)I’mwritingtotellyouopinionaboutwatersaving.9.(2022大綱卷II)Manycountriesintheworldfindwedon’thaveenoughwater.10.(2022大綱卷I)NangisaspecialkindofcakeinXinjiang.Ilikethemverymuch.11.(2022大綱卷II)Wearenowbackhome.Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals.12.(2022大綱卷II)Beforeherleaving,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.Shesaid…13.(2022大綱卷I)ThefactoryatthecornerofFriendshipStreetandZhongshanRoadhasbeenmovedoutofthecity,andasportscenterhasbeenbuiltintheirplace.14.(2022大綱卷II)Alittlegirlwashurtandhismotherneededhelp.15.(2022大綱卷I)MyfathersuggestedIgotoEnglandforaholiday…Ihaveoftendreamedoftalkingfacetofacewithyou…Perhapsyoucouldgoouttodosomesightseeingtogether.16.(2022大綱卷II)Finally,Ishouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureandshowthemtheirgreatachievements.17.(2022大綱卷I)Iwasonlyaboutsixwhenheheldhishandouttome.Itookitinmeandwewalked.18.(2022大綱卷II)Whiletheothersarejumpingaboutintheair,Icanrunundermylegsandgettheball.考點3：冠詞的混用、多用與少用(2022全國Ⅰ卷)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.(2022全國Ⅱ卷)Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.3.(2022全國Ⅲ卷)Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingand…4.(2022全國I卷)NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.5.(2022全國II卷)Helikeditsomuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop…Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.6.(2022全國I卷)Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.7.(2022全國II卷)Mydreamschoollookslikeabiggarden.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.8.(2022全國I卷)Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawaywhentheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.9.(2022全國II卷)Thiscustomsoonbecameanothermealofday.10.(2022全國課標卷)Iwasgoingtovisitafriendthere,andafterthat,IwouldgotoXiamenforlongholiday.1.留意三無名詞。遇到無冠詞、無形容詞性物主代詞、無不定代詞修飾的單數可數名詞要注意，若根據語境不是將其變為，就一定是在前面加。如［真題再練］第9題。2.留意固定詞組。固定詞組常積累，就成火眼金睛，一看便知錯。如［真題再練］第3、4、6、8題。考究是否用錯。要根據冠詞的基本用法，如定冠詞表示特指，一般來說不是特指不用定冠詞；不定冠詞表泛指，常可譯作“一個/本/支”等，意義不通，可能有錯。如［真題再練］第5題。冠詞的基本用法可參見語法填空部分。冠詞在4年9套題中考了9次，可算作必考點。主要從以下3個方面考查冠詞：1.混用。即a,an與the的混用。如［真題再練］第1、5題。2.多用。多用。如［真題再練］第3、7、8題。考查的內容是“零冠詞”，即不用冠詞的情況：(1)專有名詞前，如Tom,China等。(2)學科名詞前，如Ilikephysics。(3)球類運動名詞前，如playfootball等。(4)三餐名詞前，如havebreakfast等。(5)作同位語和補語的表示唯一職位名詞前，如chairman,president等。(6)名詞前已有物主代詞或不定代詞時，如myteacher,somestudents等。(7)抽象名詞和物質名詞等不可數名詞表示泛指時，如I’mfondofmusic。(8)可數名詞的復數形式表示泛指或指一類事物時，如［真題再練］第7題。(9)不用冠詞的固定詞組，如［真題再練］第3、8題。3.少用。這是考查的重點，9套題中考了5次。如［真題再練］第2、4、6、9、10題。要特別留意含有冠詞的固定詞組。如［真題再練］第4、6題。一、詞組翻譯1.目前，現在 _______________2.首先，在開始時_______________3.放學后/畢業后 _______________4.乘公共汽車 _______________5.偶然 _______________6.錯誤地 _______________7.用手工(做) _______________8.例如 _______________9.上市，出售 _______________10.當眾，公開地 _______________11.事實上(infact)_________________12.處于麻煩中 _________________13.徒然 _________________14.故意地 _________________15.展覽，陳列 _________________16.講得通，合乎情理 ________________17.平均，一般來說 ________________18.步行 ________________19.值日，值班 ________________20.在度假(onholiday) ________________21.采取行動(takemeasures)_____________22.發生(happen) _____________23.參加(joinin) _____________24.毫不拖延(immediately) _____________25.無疑地(certainly) _____________26.順便說說，順便問問__________________27.最后，終于(eventually)__________________28.在……的盡頭/末尾__________________29.在遠處(faraway) ______________30.在戶外 ______________31.前天____________________________32.在……的幫助下 ______________33.代替，取代(replace)______________34.總之，簡言之(briefly)______________35.匆忙地(quickly) ______________36.低聲地____________________37.以低價____________________38.用規定食譜，節食_______________39.玩得痛快(enjoyoneself)____________________40.去散步____________________41.患重感冒 _________________42.和某人談談 _________________43.休息 _________________44.看一看 _________________45.坐下，就坐(sitdown)______________46.對……有影響___________________47.犯錯誤，出差錯___________________48.許下諾言 ___________________49.做鬼臉 ___________________50.戲弄,開……的玩笑___________________51.在……中起作用/扮演角色_______________________52.參觀，拜訪(visit) _______________53.相當多，不少 _______________54.提前(earlierthanexpected)_______________________55.像往常一樣 _______________二、句子改錯下列各小題中有且僅有一處錯誤(多1個單詞、少1個單詞、錯1個單詞)，請指出并改正過來，然后說明理由。1.(2022全國課標卷)MyfriendNicktoldmestoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS…2.(2022全國課標卷)…andtheyfoundmeacomfortableoneonsecondfloor.3.(2022全國課標卷)Wewereorganizinganartexhibitionforhighschoolstudentsincity.4.(2022大綱卷)Asaoldsayinggoes,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”5.(2022大綱卷)Mymotherisverykindandisfriendlytoeverybody.SowhenIhavetheproblem,Iwillturntoherforhelp.6.(2022打綱I)Everyoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutdowntheuseofenergyinourcountry.7.(2022大綱卷II)Manycountriesintheworldfindtheydon’thaveenoughwater.Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttrees…8.(2022大綱卷I)OneofmyunforgettablememoriesofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatofluncheswebroughtfromourhomes.9.(2022大綱卷II)Ifyou’dliketomaketriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide.(2022大綱卷I)TherewasUncleChen,gentlemanlivingnearmyhouse,whowasaveryfamouswriter.(2022大綱卷II)Lastyear,shedecidedtostudyabroad.Inotherwords,wewouldbeseparatedforlongtime.12.(2022大綱卷I)Thefactory…hasbeenmovedoutofthecity,andsportscenterhasbeenbuiltinitsplace.13.(2022大綱卷II)JustbeforeIturnedcornerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtoseeanaccident.14.(2022大綱卷II)Second,IwilllearnmoreabouthistoryoftheOlympics…15.(2022大綱卷I)“Becausetherearemorethehonorsandjoysinmylife.”16.(2022大綱卷II)Imeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethings…考點4：介詞誤用、多用與少用1.(2022全國Ⅰ卷)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.2.(2022全國Ⅲ卷)NowIamleavinghometocollege.3.(2022全國I卷)Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.4.(2022全國II卷)Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.Helikeditverymuch.5.(2022全國I卷)Nearlyfiveyearsago,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoesinourbackgarden.6.(2022全國II卷)Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.7.(2022全國II卷)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.8.(2022全國I卷)Hewastall,withbroadshouldersandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardsgrayovertheyears.9.(2022全國II卷)ThebookI’mreadingoftalksaboutafternoonteainBritain.10.(2022全國II卷)Interestingly,ithadaconnectionbytheBritishporcelain(瓷器)industry.11.(2022全國課標卷)WhenItoreapartmyfifthbirthdaytoytrain,myfathersaid,“That’sit.Nomoretoystoyou.”12.(2022全國課標卷)Luckily,Ihadallmymoneyonmypocket,buttheonlyclothesIhadwerethoseIhadon.13.(2022全國課標卷)WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriend’shelenttomelotsofclothes.因介詞是短文改錯的必考點，且可能不止考1題，所以凡遇到介詞，要高度警惕。1.意義通不通？一遇到介詞，就從介詞的基本意義出發，看句意通不通或是否符合常識。如［真題再練］第12題，“幸運的是，我所有的錢都在我口袋的表面上”，顯然不合常識。2.搭配對不對？一遇到介詞，就要瞻前顧后，看它是否符合搭配習慣。如［真題再練］第8題，遇到toward，是否正確？看看前面，有turn，可想到turn…into，或由from想到from…to。念念順不順？如果平時有大聲朗讀的習慣，并留意了固定搭配，考場中只需默默念一念，就可感覺出有沒有錯誤。如你聽熟或讀順了listentome,readabook，當你念到listenmusic,readofabook時就覺得不順了，肯定是錯的。這種方法特別適合辨識不及物動詞后漏掉介詞或及物動詞后又增加介詞的錯誤。介詞是改錯題中必考考點，且4年9套題中考了10道，是重點考查內容，我們必須高度重視。從高考真題來看，考查內容有以下特征：1.常見的介詞。如in,of,for,with,to,into等。2.基本的用法。如in表示“在……里”,on表示“在……的表面上”，for引導接受某物的對象，等等。但也有個別題相對較難，如timeforafter-schoolactivities(做課外活動的時間)。3.固定的詞組。在這10道題中，有7道考查固定詞組。因此，含介詞的固定詞組我們就不得不重視了。要收集，要熟讀，讀得朗朗上口。1.(2022全國課標卷)Astheoldmanlookedoverthethingsontheyardthatweretobesold,hestopped…2.(2022全國課標卷)Iplantomakefriendswiththemsothatwecanhelpeachotheronthecoursework.3.(2022全國課標卷)We’dliketoinviteforyoutotheexhibition.4.(2022全國課標卷)ThenIinvitedLiMinginmyplace.5.Themore