電子商務英語課件制作人：張海波Objective8PassageA@ActivitiesOnPassageA@BasicE-commerceWriting&RelatedReading8PassageB@ActivitiesOnPassageB:Workonline

ContentsUnit2學習目標Objective:Inthisunit,youwilllearn:TheimpactcausedbyelectroniccommerceonsocietyTheimpactcausedbyelectroniccommerceonindividualsandbusinessTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofelectroniccommerceBasicE-commerceEnglishWriting

Focus:Toviewtheelectroniccommercefromdifferentperspectives.

Nodus:Theprofoundimpactofinternetonhumansociety

TheSocialEffectCausedByElectronicCommercePassageATheimpactofelectroniccommercewillbepervasive,bothoncompaniesandonsocietyasawhole.

Forthosecompaniesthatfullyexploitit'spotential,electroniccommerceoffersthepossibilityofbreakpointchanges—changesthatsoradicallyaltercustomerexpectationsthattheyre-definethemarketorcreateentirelynewmarkets.Allothercompanies,includingthosethattrytoignorethenewtechnologies,willthenbeimpactedbythesechangesinmarketsandcustomerexpectations.Equally,individualmembersofsocietywillbepresentedwithentirelynewwaysofpurchasinggoods,accessinginformationandservices,andinteractingwithbranchesofgovernment.Choicewillbegreatlyextended,andrestrictionsofgeographyandtimeeliminated.Theoverallimpactonlifestylecouldwellbecomparableto,say,thatofthegrowthincarownershiporthespreadofthetelephone.對于公司和社會整體而言，電子商務的影響將是全方位的。★介詞短語asawhole意思是“作為一個整體;整個看來”。例如：Isthistruejustinthiscountry,orintheworldasawhole?123對于那些能充分挖掘其潛能的企業來說，電子商務使其實現突破性變化成為可能。這些突破性變化使顧客的觀念發生了重大的改變，因此他們不是將市場進行重新定位，就是去開辟全新的市場?！镌摼涞闹髡Z是electroniccommerce；謂語動是offers；名詞短語thepossibilityofbreakpointchanges是賓語；破折號后面的內容是對breakpointchanges作進一步說明。

電子商務對于人類生活方式的總體影響，完全可以與汽車擁有增長幅度和普及電話相提并論。?！?/p>

thatofthegrowthincarownershiporthespreadofthetelephone是介詞to的賓語；that指代impact；say是插入語，意為“比如（說）”。

參考譯文注釋與翻譯板第二頁PassageATheimpactofelectroniccommercewillbepervasive,bothoncompaniesandonsocietyasawhole.

Forthosecompaniesthatfullyexploitit'spotential,electroniccommerceoffersthepossibilityofbreakpointchanges—changesthatsoradicallyaltercustomerexpectationsthattheyre-definethemarketorcreateentirelynewmarkets.Allothercompanies,includingthosethattrytoignorethenewtechnologies,willthenbeimpactedbythesechangesinmarketsandcustomerexpectations.Equally,individualmembersofsocietywillbepresentedwithentirelynewwaysofpurchasinggoods,accessinginformationandservices,andinteractingwithbranchesofgovernment.Choicewillbegreatlyextended,andrestrictionsofgeographyandtimeeliminated.Theoverallimpactonlifestylecouldwellbecomparableto,say,thatofthegrowthincarownershiporthespreadofthetelephone.對于公司和社會整體而言，電子商務的影響將是全方位的?！锝樵~短語asawhole意思是“作為一個整體;整個看來”。例如：Isthistruejustinthiscountry,orintheworldasawhole?123對于那些能充分挖掘其潛能的企業來說，電子商務使其實現突破性變化成為可能。這些突破性變化使顧客的觀念發生了重大的改變，因此他們不是將市場進行重新定位，就是去開辟全新的市場。★該句的主語是electroniccommerce；謂語動是offers；名詞短語thepossibilityofbreakpointchanges是賓語；破折號后面的內容是對breakpointchanges作進一步說明。

電子商務對于人類生活方式的總體影響，完全可以與汽車擁有增長幅度和普及電話相提并論。?！?/p>

thatofthegrowthincarownershiporthespreadofthetelephone是介詞to的賓語；that指代impact；say是插入語，意為“比如（說）”。

參考譯文注釋與翻譯板PassageA課文學習完畢Besides,thereisawidespreadperceptionthatelectroniccommercewillhaveanegativeeffectonexistingemployment,particularlyinbusinesses,whichareunpreparedforitschallenges.Thegreatestthreatisperceivedtobetoemploymentinretailintermediaries,astechnologyallowsproducerstodealmoredirectlywithcustomers.Particularproblemsareseenaslikelyforsmallandmedium-sizedcompanies,whichhavelesscapacityforlogisticalinvestmentandinnovation,astheycannotbenefitfromeconomiesofscaleinthewaythatlargercompaniescan.understanding;belief不定式tobetoemploymentinretailintermediaries是主語不足語;as是連詞,引導原因狀語從句.注釋與翻譯板@ActivitiesOnPassageA2.3.1CriticalthinkingHowdoeselectroniccommerceprovideuswithmoreoptionsthaneverbefore?

2)Iselectroniccommercestillinitsinfancy?

3)CouldyouimaginealifewithoutaccesstotheInternet?

4)Howdoyouexpectfromelectroniccommerce?

5)Doyouwanttoownashopontheinternet?Ifso,how?

GivetheChineseequivalentsofthefollowingwordsorexpressions:2.3.2Translationpractice個人消費者顧客期望整體而言

方便

重新定位（定義）生活方式

潛力、潛能

開發;利用創造

選擇1)individualconsumer2)customerexpectation3)asawhole4)convenience5)re-define6)lifestyle7)potential8)exploit9)create10)optionGivetheEnglishequivalentsofthefollowingwordsorexpressions:2.3.2Translationpractice

ownershipoverallimpactreal-timestockdataeliminaterestrictionlimitlesscomparablepossibilityinformationtechnologyignoreaccelerate1)所有權2)總體影響3)實時股票數據4)去除限制5)無限制的6)可比較的7)可能性8)IT信息技術9)忽略10)加速SentencetranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:

2.3.2Translationpractice1)Theconveniencesaffordedbyelectroniccommerceislimitless.電子商務提供的便利是無止境的。2)Morethan100countriesarelinkedintoexchangesofdata,newsandopinions.超過100個國家已經接入互聯網，交換資料，新聞和言論。

3)Intraditionalbusiness,buyersandsupplierssearchforeachotherthroughadvertising,tradeshows,brokers,anddealers.在傳統貿易中，買方和賣方會通過廣告，貿易展會，代理商和中間商來尋找對方。

SentencetranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:

2.3.2Translationpractice4)Electroniccommercewillleadtoadifferenceinthewayweliveourlivesandaccomplishourday-to-daywork.

電子商務將會改變我們日常生活和工作的方式。

5)Electroniccommerceopensupnewavenuesforthemarketingoftraditionalgoodsandservicesdirectlytoconsumers.電子商務為傳統商品和服務的市場開拓提供了全新的渠道。

SentencetranslationfromChinesetoEnglish.2.3.2Translationpractice1)對許多人來說，互聯網安全是他們主要關心的問題。(amajorconcern)

Tomany,theInternetsecurityissueisamajorconcern.2)電子商品目錄用于展示商品圖片，這可使全世界的網絡用戶選擇并訂購書籍、酒類及其它產品。(beusedtodisplay;selectandorder)On-linecatalogsisusedtodisplayimagesofgoods,whichpermitWebusersaroundtheworldtoselectandorderbooks,wine,andotherproducts.(beusedtodisplay;selectandorder)3)選擇的范圍將更大，時間和空間的限制將被解除。(restriction….eliminated)Choicewillbegreatlyextended,andrestrictionsofgeographyandtimeeliminated.SentencetranslationfromChinesetoEnglish

2.3.2TranslationpracticeEnd4)隨著EDI的成熟和互聯網及萬維網的飛速發展，電子商務正加速發展。(withmaturing…accelerating)WiththematuringofEDIandtherapidgrowthofInternetandtheWorldWideWeb,electroniccommerceisaccelerating.5)域名是在電子商務中另一個需要考慮的重要問題。(issuetoconsider)

DomainNamesareanotherimportantissuetoconsiderinelectroniccommerce.注釋與翻譯板DistinguishingFeaturesofE-Commerce

PassageB

經過生產商、批發商、分銷商、零售商到消費者的層層加價，使得消費者購買商品時的成本增加了。★此處名詞markup意思“漲價,漲價幅度”，是句子的主語。that引導的是定語從句,修飾主語。E-commerceofferscustomersthechancetoeliminatemanystagesinthesales/distributionchain.Themarkupsthatoccurbetweenmanufacturers,wholesalers,distributors,retailersandconsumerscanaddthecostofgoodspurchasedbyconsumers.Incontrast,whenconsumersdealdirectlywithmanufacturersontheInternet,theprocesswherebyintermediariesbetweenthemanufacturerandthefinalconsumerareeliminatedfromthesupplychainisknownas"disintermediation".與之形成對比的是，當消費者通過互聯網與生產商直接交易時，供應鏈中的中間商將被排除在外，這個過程被稱為“非中介化”。★介詞短語incontrast常用來表對比，意思是“相反,大不相同”;whereby

通常用作副詞,相當于therefor/thus/nevertheless,但此處則用作連詞,相當于byorthroughwhich,意為:通過…，借以…12參考譯文第二頁PassageBE-commercediffersfrommailorderandtelephonesolicitation,thetwomosttraditionalformsofbusinessusingremotesellers,becausetheseinvolvethedeliveryofgoodsbycommoncarriertoandfromaspecificphysicallocation.Inshort,thereisstillaphysicaldeliveryofpropertyfromanidentifiablesellertoanidentifiablebuyer.E-commercepresentsanunprecedentedchallengetofederalandstatetaxauthorities.Statesandlocaljurisdictionshavewrestledwiththeissueofcollectingtaxesfromout-of-state-mail-ordersellersandtelephonesolicitorsfordecades;e-commerceenablesalmostanybusinesslargeorsmalltoselltocustomersindifferentstatesandcountries.1幾十年來，美國聯邦政府和地方執法部門一直受到向國外郵購銷售者及電話推銷者征稅的問題困擾?！锞W絡的根本特點在于它的互聯性。網絡的各個終端(用戶)分布于世界各地，極為分散，但它們相互之間又是連通的。而且，這種連通不僅是單向或雙向的而是呈多方向的網狀結構。網絡的管理在很大程序上依賴于網絡服務商(包括lSP和ICP)，網絡服務商本身是一個非政府機構，而且數量眾多。因此，網絡上交易活動受政府監管的可能性大大降低了。網絡社會的虛擬特征，使網上交易者的身份、交易場所、交易權限、交易流程均呈虛擬化、數字化狀態。網上交易一旦產生糾紛，這就為建立在物化形態上的司法管轄帶來很大的難度。

Havingnopreviousexample史無前例注釋與翻譯板參考譯文PassageB課文學習完畢

★注意動詞levy的基本用法：用作及物動詞:.征收(稅等);強索[(+on/upon)]Thegovernmentleviestaxesfornationalexpenses.政府為國家的開支而征稅。用作不及物動詞vi.征稅；【律】扣押[(+on/upon)]Theyleviedonhispropertyforunpaidrent.他們因他未付租金而扣押了他的財產。用作名詞：征稅,派款;征收額；召集;征集;募集;征募兵額銷售稅之所以難以征收，是因為買方可以利用電子商務直接訪問賣方的計算機，從而購置物業，商品或服務。Out-of-statevendorsengagedine-commercedonothaveanobligationtocollectsalestaxesiftraditionalremotesellers,suchasmail-orderandtelephonesolicitationvendors,donotcollectsalestaxes.Salestaxcannotbeleviedonatransactionjustbecausethepurchaserusese-commercetoaccesstheseller'scomputertoacquireproperty,goodsorservice.Also,statescannotusean"agencynexus"theorytoclaimthatapurchaser'sISPisanin-stateagentfortheseller.1電話詢價供應商代理中心注釋與翻譯板參考譯文2.6.1Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsare(T)orfalse(F)2.6Activities@ActivitiesOnPassageB1Mailorderandtelephonesolicitationarethetwomosttraditionalformsofbusinessusingremotesellers.2“Disintermediation”meanstoeliminatetheintermediariesfromthesupplychainbetweenmanufacturerandfinalconsumer.3E-commercepresentsangreatchallengetofederalandstatetaxauthorities.4E-commercewilllowerthecostforthefinalconsumers.5Statesandlocaljurisdictionscannowcollecttaxesfromout-of-state-mail-ordersellersandtelephonesolicitors.TTTTF2.6.2MatchtheEnglishontherightwithChineseontheleftEnd1telephonesolicitationA互聯網服務提供商2unprecedentedchallengeB生產商3obligationC電話營銷4manufacturerD義務5ISPE前所未有的挑戰StructureofACommerceLetter

@BasicE-commerceWritingMostletterscommonlyincludethefollowingnineparts,makesureyouincludethenecessarypartsinaclear,correctandprofessionalmanner.4Aletterheading(信頭)4Adateline

（日期）

4Aninsideaddress

（封內地址）

4Asalutation

（稱呼）

4Abody

（正文）

4Acomplimentaryclose（信尾敬語）

4Asignature

（簽名）

4Attentionline(經辦人姓名)4Subjectlines(事由或標題)Theheadingofaletteristheaddressofthesender.Theheadingcontainsanaddress,aphonenumber,faxnumber,anemailaddressetc.Oftenheadingsaresetupusingaspecificcompanylogo.Inthesecases,theheadingmayalsoincludethecompanyname.Forexample:

BusinessMachineCo.,Ltd.1234SouthMainStreetAnyTown,AK,12345Telephone:(999)555-5555Fax:(999)555-5550emailus@2.7.2ADateLine（日期）Thedateshouldalwaysbetypedinfullandnotabbreviated.Youcanorderthedatelineasfollows:month(spelledouttoavoidconfusion),dayandyear.Forexample:February28th,20012.7.1Letterheading(信頭)2.7.3InsideAddress（封內地址）Thisistheaddressyouaresendingyourletterto.Makeitascompleteaspossible.Itconsistsofthefollowing,inorder:therecipient'sname,position,organizationandbusinessaddress.Itshouldcontainthesameinformationthatwillbeusedontheenvelope.Thisisalwaysontheleftmargin.Skipalineaftertheheadingbeforetheinsideaddress.Skipanotherlineaftertheinsideaddressbeforethegreeting.

Example:Dr.CalvinCarson

CrossCountryCoach

Dept.ofAthletics

ColoradoCommunityCollegeatCrippleCreek

CrippleCreekCO80678

2.7.4Salutation（稱呼）Thesalutationistheletter'sgreeting.Itistypedtwolinesdown,flushwiththeleftmargin.

Itistheintroductoryphrase,“Dear[nameofrecipient].”Eitheracommaoracoloncanbeusedattheendofthisphrase.Thefollowingchartlistsappropriatesalutationsforvarioussituations.Ifyouwanttosendaformletterorifyoucan’tfindaspecificname,youmaychooseonesuchas:4DearCommitteeMember:4DearMeetingPlanner:4DearColleagues:4ToAllSalesReps:4ToWhomItMayConcern:4DearSirorMadam:4DearMadamorSir:4DearPurchasingAgent:

Ifyourletterisaddressedtoacompany,thepropersalutationis:

4GentlemenorLadies:4LadiesorGentlemen:Ifyourletterisaddressedtoanorganizationofonlywomenoronlymen,use:

4DearSirs:4DearLadies:4DearMesdames:4Gentlemen:4Ladies:Ifyoudonotknowthegenderofthepersontowhomyou’rewriting,useoneofthefollowing:

4DearKimKrause:4DearK.Krause:Afterformalsalutations,useacolon.Afterinformalsalutations,useacomma.WhetheryouusethefirstorlastnameandwhetheryoudroptheDearmakesyourlettereithermoreorlessformal:

4DearMr.Jones:

(mostformal)4DearJoan:4DearJim,4Jim,

(veryinformal)2.7.5BodyoftheLetter（正文）Thebodyoftheletter,orthemessage,containsyourmessage,whichbeginstwolinesbeneaththegreeting.Usuallythebodyparagraphsshouldbesinglespacedwithtwospacesbetweeneachparagraph.Thebodytextusuallyincludes:Abriefintroductorysectiongenerallyfivelinesorfewerthatidentifiesyou,yoursubjectandyourpurpose;(2)Oneormorebodyparagraphsthatcontainthedetailsofyourmessage;(3)Aconclusionthatsumsupthecontentsandencouragesaction.End

Forexample:Ourcompanyhasdevelopedanewrangeofsweetpiefillings.Theyaremadefrompurefruit,containnoartificialflavors,coloringsandpreservatives,andaresugarandfatfree.

Iamenclosingfurtherinformationandapricelist.Ifyouareinterestedinafreesampleandademonstrationofourproducts,donothesitatetocontactus.

2.7.6ComplimentaryClosing（信尾敬語）Thecomplimentaryclosingisthepartofabusinessletterinwhichyouwriteyourclosingsuchas"Sincerely”,”Cordially"or"Respectfully".Keepyourcomplimentarycloseprofessional.Furthermore,manybusinessletterwritersliketoaddatransitionphrasetolinkthebodytotheend,forexample:

Bestwishes,

kindestregards,Withkindestpersonalregards,

Bestregards,

Cordially,

Onceagainmanythanks

Bestwishesforyourfuture,Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon,Whenyouwritethecomplimentaryclosing,youshouldfollowtheguidelines:4Placetheclosingtwolinespacesbelowthelastlineoftext4Chooseaclosingthatparallelsthelevelofformalityusedinyoursalutation.

4Intwowordclosingssuchas"Sincerelyyours",and"Yourstruly",capitalizethefirstwordonly.

4Placeacommaafterthecomplementaryclosing.(ExceptFullBlockFormat)2.7.7Signature（簽名）Signthenameinthespacebetweenthecloseandthesignatureline,startingattheleftedgeofthesignatureline,andusuallythenameofsignerisfollowedbyhisjobtitleorposition.

Forexample:Sincerely,(Signaturegoeshere)(Mrs.)ElisabethBell

DirectorofAcquisitionsWhenyoucannotaddressabusinesslettertoaparticularperson,useanattentionline，thatmeansyouhopetheletterisledtoaparticularpersonordepartmentwhentheletterisaddressedtoacompany.E.G.,DepartmentofJournalism,

ColoradoStateUniversity

ClarkC223FortCollins,CO80526Attention:HumanResourceManager

2.7.9Subjectlines(事由或標題)Subjectlinesshouldconveysomethingimportant,timelyorvaluable,itisapartofthebodyofabusinessletter,anditisplacedbelowthesalutation.E.G.,DearSirorMadam,SUBJECT:WebDesignConferenceinNorway2.7.8Attentionline(經辦人姓名)SampleAStandardBusinessLetterSynergyEnergyInc.1222WestPointDriveRadford,Virginia24141633-3544May1020XXWatersPowerCompany15740NorthTreePassBlacksburg,Virginia24041Attention:Mr.BillSimpson,ProjectEngineeringManagerSubject:Project#663-87999DearMr.BillSimpsonWearepleasedtosubmit"AProposalfortheRiverfrontEnergyConservationProject"inresponsetoyourrequestofFebruary12,2001.Thedamdescribedintheattachedproposalusesthemostadvanceddesignandmaterials.Ofparticularinterestisthestate-of-the-artlandscapingtechniquesusedtobetterincorporatethedamintotheexistingenvironment.Asyouknow,overallappearanceofthesolutionisacrucialissueforeveryoneinvolvedinthisproject.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasedonothesitatetocallus.YourstrulySarahStevensSarahStevensProjectManagerEnclosures:2

1)Whichofthefollowingisavalidlyformatteddate?A.Feb.28th,2001B.28thFebruary,2001C.February28th,01D.February28th,20012)Whichofthefollowingisavalidlyformattedinsideaddress?A.Mr.PatMcCann,PersonnelDirectorABCInc.12PennyLaneBlacksburg,VA24060B.Mr.PatMcCann-PersonnelDirectorABCInc.12PennyLaneBlacksburg,VA24060C.PatMcCann,PersonnelDirectorABCInc.12PennyLaneBlacksburg,VA24060D.Mr.PatMcCann,PersonnelDirectorABCInc.12PennyLaneBlacksburg,VA3)Whichofthefollowingarevalidandappropriateclosings?A.CordiallyB.Yourobedientservant,C.IcandonothingbutkneelinaweofyourpresenceD.Yourssincerely,2.7.10WritingPracticeInternetExplorer6Overview&RelatedReadingInternetExplorer6isthesetofcoreWebbrowsingtechnologiesinWindowsXP.These