閱讀理解復習

------篇章結構題

2016.3.15Objectives通過練習，討論總結不同類型篇章結構題目的解題策略。2.運用所學策略，解決閱讀中的問題。

篇章結構題考查同學們在理解全文的基礎上對文章所描述事件的發展順序（記敘文）、所說明事物的結構層次（說明文）或在論述觀點（議論文）過程中使用的方法進行推測、歸納和總結的能力。篇章結構類題目的特點：文章結構理解的設問方式:1.問指代1)Theword“everything”inparagraph2means____？2)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?

......Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency(效率),whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.……（2014湖南，C）3.Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto“____”.thewaysB.theirhomesC.developmentsD.existingefforts

實例體驗D（）existingeffortshavelargelyignoredthewaysthat...指代類問題解題策略：仔細分析，正確理解指代詞所在句;(2)前后搜索，圈定答案范圍，以之替換，看句子是否通順;(3)

采用排除法，確定答案。2.問結構問段落結構Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby?篇章結構理解的設問方式:2.問文章結構

1）Thepassageismainlydeveloped/organizedby____?2)Whichofthefollowingshowthe

structure/organizationofthepassage?1.問段落結構

（選出最佳選項并總結解題思路）Iwasneverneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.Eachofherobjectshaditsplace,butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled(貼標簽)everything.Ialwayslookedforeverything.Overtime,KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover,andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgottiredofeachother.Warbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon,Ihearherscreaming,“takeyoushoesaway!Whyundermybed!”deafened,Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstartedyelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.(2014重慶，A)HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?byanalyzingthecauses.B.byshowingdifferences.C.bydescribingaprocess.D.byfollowingtimeorder.背景知識補充：常見寫作方式及提示語：1.舉例。常見提示語forexample,forinstant等。2.對比。常見提示語like，unlike，but,however,while等。2.時間順序。常見提示詞，明確的時間狀語，later，then,afterwards等。3.空間順序。4.邏輯順序：常見提示詞because,therefore,asaresult,besides,inaddition,inaword,inshort等。常見文體的文章基本結構

高考英語閱讀理解常考查的體裁有三種，分別是、、和。它們都分別有自己的基本結構。記敘文說明文議論文背景知識補充2.問文章結構

1.記敘文的基本結構NarrativewritingsStorypresentationEnding2．說明文的基本結構DescriptivewritingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)Conclusion3.議論文的基本結構ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupportingsentences2.問文章結構

閱讀短文，從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案，并總結解題思路。（見學案：問文章結構：實例分析）段落/文章結構題解題策略：4）對比選項定答案1）抓文章中心句重視文章首段和尾段2）抓段落中心句重視段落首句和尾句

總分式結構3）看段落邏輯關系對照式結構

并列式結構一正一反平行關系相互獨立3.問文章后續1)Whatmaybetalkedaboutafterthelastparagraph?2)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillprobablydiscuss____？篇章結構理解的設問方式:

Mostpeoplewhomovetoaforeigncountryorculturemaygothroughsomeformofcultureshock…Itisimportanttounderstandandlearnhowtodealwithcultureshock...Therearefourgeneralstagesofculturaladjustment….

Thefirststageisusuallyreferredto…

Butitisn’tlongbeforethehoneymoonstagegiveswaytothesecondstage…Atsomepoint,ifyoucanmanageitwell,you’llbeginthetransitionintothenextstage…Atthisstage,you'lldealwithnewchallengeswithhumorratherthananxiety.4.Whatwouldbeprobablydiscussedinthefollowingparagraph?Consequencesofcultureshock.Challengesinanewcountry.C.Preparationsforanewculture. D.The4thstageofculturaladjustment.

實例體驗：完成下面的練習，并總結解題方法。

D文章后續題目解題策略：3）注意最后一段，特別留意最后幾句1）通讀全文，把握文章主旨2）關注段落邏輯關系，分析框架結構鞏固練習見學案Everydayandineverywaywe’regettingbetter!鞏固練習：（見學案）Formostcitypeople,theelevatorisanunremarkablemachinethatinspiresnoneoftheenthusiasmorinterestthatAmericansaffordtrains,jets,andevenbicycles.Dr.ChristopherWilkisamemberofasmallgroupofelevatorexpertswhoconsiderthisamisunderstanding.Withouttheelevator,theypointout,therecouldbenodowntownskyscrapersortallbuilding,andcitylifeasweknowitwouldbeimpossible.Inthatsense,theyargue,theelevator’sroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.Infact,accordingtoWilk,thecarandtheevaluatorhavebeenlockedina“secretwar”foroveracentury,whichcarsmakingitpossibleforpeopletospreadhorizontally(水平地)，andelevatorspushingthemtowardlifeinclosegroupsoftoweringvertical(垂直的)columns.(2014湖北，E)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraphIreferto?thegeneralviewofelevators.B.theparticularinterestsofexperts.C.thedesireforaremarkablemachine.D.theenthusiasmfortransportvehicles.A鞏固練習：（學案）

Inthemid-1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad---baselayer(層)oflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsmanimprovedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesametime,metalhubs(thecentralpartofawheel)cameintobeing,followedbythepneumatictyre(充氣輪胎)in1846.Alloywheelswereinventedin1967,sixtyyears