Unit3FoodandCulture

DiscoverUsefulStructuresLearningobjectivesInthisclass,youwillrecognizeandsummarizethemeaning,formanduseofthepastperfecttenseandthepastperfectpassivevoice(過去完成時及其被動語態);usethepastperfecttenseandthepastperfectpassivevoicetodescribeasituationthathappenedinthepast.ObservesentencesLookatthetwopairsofsentencesandpayattentiontothemeaningandtheformofverbsinthesentences.ComparethemeaningThechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.TheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.Afarm-to-tablerestauranthadbeensetupbythechefbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.TheirdinnerhadbeenfinishedbythetimeSamjoinedthem.Thechef

hadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.They

hadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.這位主廚在他的新烹飪書出版之前，就已經創辦了一家從農場到餐桌的餐館。等到Sam加入他們的時候，他們已經吃完晚餐了。ComparethemeaningAfarm-to-tablerestaurant

hadbeensetupbythechefbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.TheirdinnerhadbeenfinishedbythetimeSamjoinedthem.一家從農場到餐桌的餐館在這位主廚的新烹飪書出版之前就已經被創辦了。他們的晚餐在Sam加入他們之前就已經被吃完了。ComparethemeaningThechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.TheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.Afarm-to-tablerestauranthadbeensetupbythechefbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.Theirdinnerhadbeenfinished

bythetimeSamjoinedthem.activepassive“施動者已經做了……”“受動者已經被……了”ComparethemeaningComparetheformThechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.TheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.Afarm-to-tablerestauranthadbeensetup

bythechefbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.Theirdinnerhadbeenfinished

bythetimeSamjoinedthem.ComparetheformThechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.TheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.ThePastPerfectTense（過去完成時）had+v-edFindtheformAfarm-to-tablerestauranthadbeensetupbythechefbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.TheirdinnerhadbeenfinishedbythetimeSamjoinedthem.ThePastPerfectPassiveVoice（過去完成時的被動語態）hadbeen+v-edSummarize時態結構過去完成時主動：haddone被動：hadbeendoneSummarize時態結構意義過去完成時主動：haddone施動者已經做了……被動：hadbeendone受動者已經被……了Thinkandanswer1.主句和從句中的謂語動詞分別用了什么時態和語態？2.主句和從句中謂語動詞的形式各是怎樣的？3.主句和從句中謂語動詞所表示的動作哪個先發生？哪個后發生？Thechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurant

before

hisnewcookbookwaspublished.這位主廚在他的新烹飪書出版之前，就已經創辦了一家從農場到餐桌的餐館。...beforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.Thechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurant...NowPast時態：過去完成時結構：haddone語態：主動動作：先發生（在過去）時態：一般過去時結構：was/weredone語態：被動動作：后發生（在過去）Theirdinnerhadbeenfinished

bythetime

Samjoinedthem.時態：過去完成時結構：hadbeendone語態：被動動作：先發生（在過去）時態：一般過去時結構：did語態：主動動作：后發生（在過去）Summarize時態用法一般過去時動作發生在過去的某個時間（過去）過去完成時動作發生在過去的某個時間/動作之前（過去的過去）Summarize時態結構用法一般過去時主動：did/was/were動作發生在過去的某個時間被動：was/weredone過去完成時主動：haddone動作發生在過去的某個時間/動作之前被動：hadbeendoneFindmoresentencesusingthepastperfecttenseorthepastperfectpassivevoicefromthisunitandunderlinecluewordsthatindicatethetimeandorderoftheactions.PriortocomingtoChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthat

hadbeenchangedtosuitAmericantastes.Findmore來中國之前，我只在美國接觸過中式烹飪，那里的中國食物已被改變，以適應美國人的口味。Findmoresentencesusingthepastperfecttenseorthepastperfectpassivevoicefromthisunitandunderlinecluewordsthatindicatethetimeandorderoftheactions.WhenmyfamilyandIhadjustarrivedinChina,wewentlookingforagoodplacetoeatinBeijing.Findmore我與家人剛剛抵達中國，便在北京找了一個好地方吃飯。ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommendedtousbyafriend,andfinally,we

foundit.Tired,hungry,andnotknowingawordofChinese,wehadnoideahowtoorder,sothechefjustbeganfilling

ourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.Findmoresentencesusingthepastperfecttenseorthepastperfectpassivevoicefromthisunitandunderlinecluewordsthatindicatethetimeandorderoftheactions.FindmoreCompletethetwoconversationswiththecorrectformsofthewordsintheboxusingthepastperfecttenseorthepastperfectpassivevoice.PracticeIHadtastedhadbeentoldarrivedhadfinished（蘇格蘭）羊雜碎肚hadjusteatenhaggis!haggisHadbeencancelledhadgotThePastPerfectTenseSummarize肯定式had+v-ed否定式hadnot+v-ed疑問式had+主語+v-edThePastPerfectPassiveVoiceSummarize肯定式hadbeen+v-ed否定式hadnotbeen+v-ed疑問式had+主語+been+v-edPracticeIIWorkinpairs.Readthisdialoguewithyourpeer.PracticeIIIReadthesituationsandrewritethesentencesusingthegivenwords.EXAMPLEHecouldn’ttakeouthiscard.HecalledthebankaboutthebrokenATM.(swallow)TheATMhadswallowedhiscard./HiscardhadbeenswallowedbytheATM.Workinpairs.Chooseoneofthesethreesituations,andmakeasmanysentencesasyoucanusingthepastperfecttenseandthepastperfectpassivevoice.Thenmakeaconversationusingthesesentences.

PracticeIVKeys:...Ihaddrunktoomuchsodapop....Ihadeatentoomuchcake....wehadbeengivenmanysamples....Ihadbeenmadeverysick.Keys:...theinsectshadallescaped....theinsectshadscatteredeverywhereintheroom....theinsectshadallbeencollectedinabottle....theinsectshadbeenfriedupforeating.SampleConversationA:So,howdidtheinsectpartygo?B:Oh,itwashorrible!A:Why?Whathappened?B:Well,bythetimeIgotthere,theinsectshadallescapedandtheyhadscatteredeverywhereintheroom!A:Oh,no!Sowhatdidyoudo?B:Wechasedtheinsectsdownandbeforelongtheyhadallbeencollectedinabottle.A:Thenyoucookedthem?B