學術英語醫學AcademicEnglishforMedicine第一頁，共67頁。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesDespitetheprogressinmedicine,manydiseasesarestilluntreatableandincurable.Ithasbeengenerallyagreedthatpreventionismorecost-effectivethanthetreatmentofdiseases.Herecomesomefundamentalquestions:Whichplayamoreimportantroleincausinghumandiseases,genesorenvironmentalfactors?Whydopeoplewithgoodinterpersonalrelationshipslivehealthierandlonger?Whatarethemajorstepsindevelopinganewdrug?Inthisunit,wewillprobablyfindtheanswerstothesequestions.第二頁，共67頁。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesUnitContentsLead-inTextATextBTextCListeningSpeakingWritingGet

readingforUnit9第三頁，共67頁。Lead-inIssuestobecoveredTaskUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四頁，共67頁。Lead-inIssuestobecoveredThecommonandspecialmeansoftreatmentandpreventionofdiseasesThedifferentrolesofgenesandenvironmentincausingdiseasesTherelationshipbetweeninterpersonalrelationshipandhealthThemajorstepsindesigninganddevelopingnewdrugsUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五頁，共67頁。Lead-inYourexperiencewhenyoufellilllasttimeTimeVisitstodoctorDiagnosisTreatmentUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第六頁，共67頁。Lead-inTask:Workinpairsanddiscussthecausesandtreatmentsyouknowofthefollowingconditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluMyopiaHepatitisUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第七頁，共67頁。Lead-inTask:Workinpairsanddiscussthecausesandtreatmentsyouknowofthefollowingconditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluvirusesrest,clearfluids,cooldampwashclothtoreducefever,warmblankettocalmchills,coughmedicine,antiviralmedications,usuallynoneedofantibioticsMyopiaprolongedclosework,excessivereadingcorrectivelenses,refractorysurgeryHepatitisviral(HBV,HCV,etc.),bacterial,parasitic,fungalinfectionsalcohol,autoimmune,inheritedantiviralmedicationsUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第八頁，共67頁。TextACriticalreadingandthinking–Topicsforpresentation–Knowledgeofthesubjectmatter

–UsefulexpressionsSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第九頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation1.HowwasTerry’slifebeforeshewasdiagnosedwith(Pre.1)lovedpracticingTaeKwonDolovedthesurgeofadrenalinethatcamewiththecontrolledcombatoftournamentscompetednationally,evenwinningabronzemedalinthetrialsforthePanAmericanGamesattendedmedicalschool,practicedasaninternalmedicineresidency,becameanacademicgeneralinternistmarriedandgotasonandadaughterUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutMSandautoimmunedisease?(Pre.2)SymptomsasmentionedbytheauthorlossofstaminaandstrengthproblemswithbalanceboutsofhorrificfacialpaindipsinvisualacuityUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十一頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutMSandautoimmunedisease?(Pre.2)Causeasmentionedbytheauthortheassaultofimmunecellsonthebrain,withpossibleoriginingeneticmake-upor/andcombinationofenvironmentalfactorsTreatmentasmentionedbytheauthorinterferonandcopolymer-1Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十二頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation3.WhatdidTerrydobeforesheself-experimented?(Pre.3)Pickingupbasicsciencesuchascellularphysiology,biochemistryandneurophysiologyReadingarticlesaboutnewMSdrugsinanimalmodelsandneurodegenerationofalltypes—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdiseaseUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十三頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation4.WhatapproachesdidTerrymainlyusetodealwithneurodegeneration?(Pre.4)self-experimentationwithvariousnutrientstoslowneurodegenerationbasedonliteraturereportsonanimalmodelsself-experimentationwithneuromuscularelectricalstimulationstillbasedonliteratureonlinesearchtoidentifythesourcesofmicronutrientsreductionoffoodallergyandtoxicloadUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十四頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation5.Oneexampletoillustratethecorrelationbetweentoxicloadanddisease(Pre.5)With70%to90%oftheriskfordiabetes,heartdisease,cancer,andautoimmunitybeingduetoenvironmentalfactorsotherthangenetics,wecanprovidetherealsolutiontomanyhealthproblemsandthehealthcarecrisisbychangingourenvironment,forexample,optimizingournutritionandreducingourtoxicload.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十五頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterthesurgeofadrenaline(P55)medicalschool(P55)aninternalmedicineresidency(P55)anacademicgeneralinternist(P55)todevelopachronicdisease(P55)Ihadonlytwooptions:accommodationandacceptanceofdeepeningdisabilitydespiteoptimaltreatment,orincreasedinvolvementinmyownhealthcare.(P55)Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十六頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterMydoctorsaidthatgeneticsaccountedforonly10to30%oftheriskofMS;therest(???)wasduetosomecombinationofunknownenvironmentalfactors.(P56)HenevertoldmewhatIcoulddotoaddressthoseunknownfactors,onlyofferinginterferonandcopolymer-1toreducetheriskofrelapse.(P56)Itwasincreasinglyapparentthat,withtime,becomingbedriddenduetomyillnesswasinevitable.(P56)Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十七頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterIbeganmyownstudyoftheliterature,readingarticleafterarticleonPubMed,knowingthattheseedsfortoday’sclinicalcarewerelaidyears,sometimesdecadesearlierinthebasicscienceliterature.(P56)Atfirst,IlookedforrecentarticlestestingnewMSdrugsinanimalmodels.(P56)…articlesconcerningneurodegenerationofalltypes—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdisease.(P56)Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十八頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterIaskedmyphysicaltherapisttoletmehaveatestsession.(P57)

patientautonomyHetoldmethate-stim(ashecalledit)wasnotanapprovedtreatmentforMS...(P57)

paternalisticapproachIreturnedtotheliterature.(P57)IturnedeventuallytoGoogle.(P57)

WhichismorehelpfulandtowhatextentisGoogleareliantsourceofmedicalinformation?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十九頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterInextlookedmoredeeplyattheenvironmentalfactorsassociatedwithpoorlyexplainedneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms.(P57)Twostoodout:foodallergiesandtoxicload.(P57)Ireturnedtotheliterature.(P57)Foodallergiescancauseamyriadofneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms,typicallywithoutanyabdominalcomplaints,decadesbeforediagnosisandareverydifficulttoidentify.(P57)Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsboutsofhorrificfacialpainWhenIdevelopedthefootdrop,thediagnosiswasmade:multiplesclerosis(MS).Hesaidthatfewerrelapseswouldmeanlessdisability,agreaterchancethatI’dstillbewalking,working,andlivingmylifeasIonceknewittenyearslater.…soItranslatedmouse-sizeddosestohumanones…However,althoughmydeclinehadslowed,Iwasstilldeclining.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十一頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressions…therewasnoguaranteethatmybraincouldtalktothesenewmuscles.…soItranslatedmouse-sizeddosestohumanones…However,althoughmydeclinehadslowed,Iwasstilldeclining.…therewasnoguaranteethatmybraincouldtalktothesenewmuscles.Itdidhurt.Alot.IfeltthebestI’dfeltinyears.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十二頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsMytherapistimplementedaprogramofe-stimcoupledwithdailyexercise.Asgoodasthearticlewas,itdidnotlistallofthebuildingblocksneededforoptimalbrainhealth.Themedicalliteraturedidn’thavethatinformation,nordidtheregistereddieticianswithwhomIconsulted,nordidIseeitinthefoodscienceliterature.Buthedidletmehaveatestsession.IturnedeventuallytoGoogle,whichdidhelpme,nutrientbynutrient,tounderstandwherevariousmicronutrientsIwastakingbypilleachdaywerelocatedinthefoodsupply.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十三頁，共67頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsPhysicianself-experimentationsometimesdoesnotgoasanticipated.Theunthinkable—theunimaginable—happened,stunningme,myfamily,andmyphysicians.Asaresult,I’vechangedhowIpracticemedicine.Threeyearsintomyhealing,Iamagainexperimenting.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十四頁，共67頁。TextASuggestedanswersTask1OverviewCriticalreadingandthinking1.D2.literature,nutrients,stimulation,micronutrients,environmentalUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十五頁，共67頁。TextATask1/MedicalterminologyMatcheachdefinitionwithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.EnglishChineseDefinition1treatmentofdiseasethroughtheuseofdrugs2thequalityofexistinginseveraldifferentforms3oforrelatingtoanimmuneresponsebythebodyagainstoneofitsowntissues,cells,ormolecules4epinephrine,ahormonesecretedbytheadrenalmedulla5apolymeroftwoormoredifferentmonomerspharmacotherapy藥物療法多態性polymorphism自體免疫的autoimmunecopolymer共聚物adrenaline腎上腺素SuggestedanswersLanguagebuilding-up2Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十六頁，共67頁。TextAEnglishChineseDefinition6asubstancethatimprovesthechemicalactivityofanenzyme7asubstancethatdestroysweeds8aspecialistininternalmedicine9anyofvariousdiseasescharacterizedbythickeningorhardening10theactorprocessoftesting,trying,orputtingtotheproofsclerosis硬化〔癥〕coenzyme輔酶herbicide除草劑internist內科醫生trial試驗Task1/MedicalterminologyMatcheachdefinitionwithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.Suggestedanswers2Languagebuilding-upUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十七頁，共67頁。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageSequenceLanguagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersnextThen,UltimatelyAtfirst,EventuallyNowUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十八頁，共67頁。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Fillintheblankswiththesignpostlanguageandthencompareyouranswerswiththeoriginalsentencesinthetext.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersUltimately1Joggingleftmefirst.________,standingforanytimebecamedifficult._______,despitemyuseofthemostcurrentpharmacotherapies,walkingandevensittingwastiring,soIneededatilt-reclinewheelchair.(Para.5)

?2_______,IlookedforrecentarticlestestingnewMSdrugsinanimalmodels._______,realizingIcouldnotaccessthosedrugsunlessIwasinaclinicaltrial,Iturnedtoarticlesconcerningneurodegenerationofalltypes—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdisease.(Para.8) ThenAtfirstEventuallyUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十九頁，共67頁。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Fillintheblankswiththesignpostlanguageandthencompareyouranswerswiththeoriginalsentencesinthetext.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersNow3DeterminedtooptimizeeverythingIcouldtohelpmybrainheal,I_______lookedmoredeeplyattheenvironmentalfactorsassociatedwithpoorlyexplainedneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms.(Para.15)?4_______Ifocusonteachingmypatientshowtooptimizetheirnutrition,reducetheirtoxicload,andreducetheirriskoffoodallergies.(Para.19) nextUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十頁，共67頁。TextATask3/FormalEnglishParaphrasethefollowingsentencesfromTextAwithalessformalstyle.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersManythingshavehappenedsincethen.Iwenttoamedicalschool,completedaninternalmedicineresidency,andbecameamotherofasonandadaughter.

2.WhenImanifestedsymptomsofthefootdrop,Iwasdiagnosedwithmultiplesclerosis.

3.Heneverthelessallowedmeatestsession.Itdidhurtseverelyashepreviouslytoldme.

4.Iamagainexperimentingthreeyearsaftermyhealing.TheonlydifferenceisthatthistimeitisanIRB-approvedprotocolinsteadofself-experimentation.

Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十一頁，共67頁。

TextA

Additionalactivity

GrouppresentationAsanemergingbranchofscience,SocialNeuroscienceisunfamiliarandmysterioustomanypeople.Formgroupsof4-5tofindrelevantinformationaboutitandgetreadyforapresentationinclass.Thefollowingpromptsmaybehelpfultoyou:thedefinitionofSocialNeurosciencethemechanismthroughwhichbrain-to-brainlinkworkstheapplicationofsocialneurosciencetotreatmentofdiseasestheprospectsofSocialNeuroscienceUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十二頁，共67頁。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十三頁，共67頁。TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking1.thefriend’srelationshipwithhisstudents(P37)Hewasnotjustinspiringinclassbuttakingagenuineinterestinthem—intheirstudies,theirprogressthroughlife,theirfearsandhopes.Awidecircleofformerstudentscountthemselvesamonghislifelongfriends;Heandhiswifehavealwayswelcomedasteadystreamofvisitorstotheirhome.Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十四頁，共67頁。TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking2.thediscoveryofmirrorneurons(P66)Mirrorneurons,awidelydispersedclassofbraincellsthatoperatelikeneuralWiFi,tracktheemotionalflow,movementandevenintentionsofthepersonwearewith,andreplicatethissensedstateinourownbrainbystirringinourbrainthesameareasactiveintheotherperson.Mirrorneuronsofferaneuralmechanismthatexplainsemotionalcontagion.

Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十五頁，共67頁。TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking3.DiamondandAspinwall’sresearch(PP66)PsychologistsattheUniversityofUtahReviewedresearchdataaboutcoordinationofemotions,cardiovascularreactionsorbrainstatesbetweenmotherswiththeirinfants,maritalpartnersarguingandevenamongpeopleinmeetingsinthepastfewdecades.Offeredtheinfelicitousterm“amutuallyregulatingpsychobiologicalunit〞todescribethemergingoftwodiscretephysiologiesintoaconnectedcircuit.Argue/concludethatemotionalclosenessallowsthebiologyofonepersontoinfluencethatoftheother.

Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十六頁，共67頁。TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking4.significanceofCacioppo’sresearch(PP66)DirectoroftheCenterforCognitiveandSocialNeuroscienceattheUniversityofChicagoProposedthattheemotionalstatusofourmainrelationshipshasasignificantimpactonouroverallpatternofcardiovascularandneuroendocrineactivity.Thistheoryradicallyexpandsthescopeofbiologyandneurosciencefromfocusingonasinglebodyorbraintolookingattheinterplaybetweentwoatatime.

Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十七頁，共67頁。TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking5.themeaningofa“brokenheart〞(P67)Socialrejectionactivatestheveryzonesofthebrainthatgenerate,amongotherthings,thestingofphysicalpain.Therefore,theterm“brokenheart〞mayactuallyrefernotonlytothepsychologicalpainfromrejectionorthedisappearanceoflovedonesbutalsothegenuinephysicalhurt.

Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十八頁，共67頁。TextB

UsefulexpressionsAwidecircleofformerstudentsasteadystreamofvisitorstotheirhomethisflowofpeoplewholovehimAwidecircleofformerstudentsasteadystreamofvisitorstotheirhomethisflowofpeoplewholovehimMirrorneuronsofferaneuralmechanismthatexplainsemotionalcontagion……thetendencyofonepersontocatchthefeelingsofanother,particularlyifstronglyexpressed.Thisbrain-to-brainlinkmayalsoaccountforfeelingsofrapport…CriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十九頁，共67頁。TextB

UsefulexpressionsReviewingdecadesofsuchdata,Lisa..,offerTothedegreethatthisoccurs,Dr.DiamondandDr.Aspinwallargue,emotionalclosenessallowsthebiologyofonepersontoinfluencethatoftheother.makesaparallelproposalexpandsthescopeofbiologyandneurosciencefromfocusingonasinglebodyorbraintolookingattheinterplaybetweentwoatatimeCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十頁，共67頁。TextB

UsefulexpressionsInshort,myhostilitybumpsupyourbloodpressure,yournurturinglovelowersmine.Potentially,weareeachother’sbiologicalenemiesorallies.alltoomanypeople…thatgenerate,amongotherthings,thestingofphysicalpain.exclusionwasadeathsentenceinhumanprehistory.Theynotethatinmanylanguagesthewordsthatdescribea“brokenheart〞fromrejectionborrowthelexiconofphysicalhurt.CriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十一頁，共67頁。TextB

UsefulexpressionstheteamconsideredhaltingthesurgeryTheyproposedthistothepersonthetwinshadchosentorepresentthem,buttherepresentativeinsistedthatthesisterswouldwanttheseparationtoproceednomatterwhat,sothedoctorspressedon.keepingthenameconfidentialthewomen'sadoptiveandbiologicalfathersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十二頁，共67頁。TextB

DifficultsentencesThroughagrindingmixofchemotherapy,radiationandalltheothernecessaryindignitiesofoncology,hehaslivedon,despitedireprognosestothecontrary.經歷了種種磨難，如化療、放療和其他種種因為身患

腫瘤而必須承受的屈辱等，他還繼續活著，盡管預后

很不樂觀。CriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十三頁，共67頁。TextB

DifficultsentencesEvenremotelysuggestinghealthbenefitsfromtheseinterconnectionswill,nodoubt,raisehacklesinmedicalcircles.即使非常隱諱地暗示這些互聯對安康有裨益，在醫界毫無疑問會引起軒然大波。CriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十四頁，共67頁。TextB

SuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingTask1CompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtoTextB.1sociallife2mechanism3activating4reviewingresearchdata5mutualinfluencebetweentwoatatime6theyareaccompaniedbysomeonetheylove7physically/neurologically8thelargenumberofpeoplewhowanttopayavisitUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十五頁，共67頁。TextCSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十六頁，共67頁。TextC

Task:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChineseSuggestedanswers通常在第二階段期間或者第二階段完畢時，需要決定是否開場耗資宏大且消耗大量資源的第二階段b期和關鍵性的第三階段臨床試驗，這是藥物研發的第三個里程碑。在這個階段，顯然不僅要進展全面的醫學/科學分析，這包括對該化合物性能的預判，還要進展全面的財務分析，這些工作是第三個里程碑的一部分。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十七頁，共67頁。ListeningNote-takingFormsSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十八頁，共67頁。Listening

Note-takingFormsadvantages&disadvantagescause&effectclassification&definitioncomparison&contrastfacts&figuressequenceofeventsstagesofaprocessquestion&answertwo-columntablesspidergramtreediagram/spidergramtabletabletimelineflowchartheadings¬esUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十九頁，共67頁。Listening

SuggestedanswersTask140,00056,300Measurestaken13-648222AfricanAmericansTakeCharge,TaketheTest4DevelopmentofacomprehensiveHIVpreventionplanthroughtheyear2020Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十頁，共67頁。Listening

SuggestedanswersTask2expandaccesstoHIVincidencesurveillancesystemTargetingprecisioncompellingreasonsspecificinformationUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十一頁，共67頁。SpeakingMakinganArgumentTaskandadditionalactivityUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十二頁，共67頁。Speaking

Makinganargument

1)thesisstatementorclaim2)evidencethatsupportstheclaim.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十三頁，共67頁。Speaking

MakinganargumentExpressyouropinionItwouldseemtomethat…AsfarasI’mabletojudge,…Mybelief/interpretationis…FromwhatIunderstand,…AsIunderstandit,…Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十四頁，共67頁。Speaking

MakinganargumentProvideevidenceAsevidencedin…Agoodcaseinpointis…Considerthecaseof..,Anexamplecanbeseen…Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十五頁，共67頁。Speaking

TaskWorkinpairstodebatewitheachotheronthefollowingtopicsbypracticingtheexpressionslistedabove.Shouldpatients’self-experimentationforacurebeencouraged?Shouldthetimerequiredforthedevelopmentofanewdrugbeshortened?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十六頁，共67頁。Speaking

AdditionalactivityAsanemergingbranchofscience,SocialNeuroscienceisunfamiliarandmysterioustomanypeople.Formgroupsof4-5tofindrelevantinformationaboutitandgetreadyforapresentationinclass.Thefollowingpromptsmaybehelpfultoyou:thedefinitionofSocialNeurosciencethemechanismthroughwhichbrain-to-brainlinkworkstheapplicationofsocialneurosciencetotreatmentofdiseasestheprospectsofSocialNeuroscienceUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十七頁，共67頁。WritingWritinganintroductionTaskUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十八頁，共67頁。Writing

ResearchPaperProject

CoverageoftheIntroductiontheliteraturereview;thedefinitionoftheproblem;thepurposeofthepresentstudy;thechoiceofmethods;thestatementofprincipalresultsandconclusionsWritinganintroductionUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十九頁，共67頁。Writing

ResearchPaperProject