BYWANGXHSFSTel:E-mail:ENGLISHPATTERNS-72JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY2016研考英語關鍵句型72式1．

It作先行主語和先行賓語的一些句型She

had

said

what

it

was

necessary

to

say.TheyfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY2．強調句型1.It

is

not

who

rules

us

that

is

important,

but

how

he

rules

us.3．All+抽象名詞或抽象名詞+itself（very+形容詞）He

was

all

gentleness

to

her.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY4．

利用詞匯重復表示強調A

crime

is

a

crime

a

crime.5．

something（much）of和

nothing（little）of

something

of相當于to

some

extent，表示程度。在疑問句或條件從句中，則為anything

of

，可譯為"有點"，"略微等。譯為"毫無"，"全無"。much

of譯為"大有"，not

much

of可譯為"算不上"，"稱不上"，"little

of"可譯為"幾乎無"。something

like譯為"有點像，略似。"

They

say

that

he

had

no

university

education,

but

he

seems

to

be

something

of

a

scholar.6．

同格名詞修飾

是指of前后的兩個名詞都指同一個人或物，of以及它前面的名詞構一個形容詞短語，以修飾of后面的那個名詞。如：her

old

sharper

of

a

father，可譯為：她那騙子般的父親。

Those

pigs

of

girls

eat

so

much.7．

as…as…can（may）beIt

is

as

plain

as

plain

can

be.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY8．

It

is

in（with）…as

in（with）It

is

in

life

as

in

a

journey.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY9．

as

good

as…

相等于，就像，幾乎如；實際上，其實，實在。

The

merchant

as

good

as

promised

the

orphan

boy,

that

he

would

adopt

him.10．many

as

well…as和might

as

well

…as

many

as

well…as可譯為“與其…，不如…，更好，以這樣做…為宜，如同…，也可以…等等。might

as

well

…as表示不可能的事，可譯為猶如…，可與…一樣荒唐，與其那樣不如這樣的好等等。

One

may

as

well

not

know

a

thing

at

all

as

know

it

imperfectly.11．to

make…of此結構的譯法（使…成為…，把…當作）

I

will

make

a

scientist

of

my

son.12．

too…+不定式，not（never）too…+不定式，too…not+不定式She

is

too

angry

to

speak.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY13．only(not,all,but,never)too…todo

so

和too

ready

(apt)

+

to

do結構

其中的不定式也沒有否定意義，凡是not，all，but等字后+too…to，不定式都失去了否定意義，在too

ready（apt）

+to

do結構中，不定式也沒有否定意義。

You

know

but

too

yell

to

hold

your

tongue.14．no

more

…than…句型A

home

without

love

is

no

more

a

home

than

a

body

without

a

soul

is

a

man.15．not

so

much…as和not

so

much

as

…結構not

so

much…as=not

so

much

as

…，其中as有進可換用but

rather，意義為：與其說是…毋須說是…。而not

so

much

as=without（not）even，意義:甚至…還沒有。

The

oceans

do

not

so

much

divide

the

world

as

unite

it

.16．Nothing

is

more…than和Nothing

is

so

…as結構

Nothing

is

more…than和Nothing

is

so

…as都具有最高級比較的意思，Nothing

I可換用no，nobody，nowhere，little，few，hardly，scarcely等等，可譯為"沒有…比…更為"，"像…再沒有了"，"最…"等。

Nothing

is

more

precious

than

time.17．cannot…too…

結構

cannot…too…

意為It

is

impossible

to

overdo…或者，即"無論怎樣…也不算過分"。not可換用hardly，scarcely等，too可換用enough，sufficient等

You

cannot

be

too

careful.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY18．否定+but

結構

在否定詞后面的but，具有which

not，who

not，that

not，等等否定意義，構成前后的雙重否定。意思是“沒有…不是”

或“…都…”

等

Nothing

is

so

bad

but

it

might

have

been

worse.19．否定+until

(till)結構

在否定詞no，not，never，little，few，seldom等的后邊所接用的until/till，多數情況下譯為"直到…才…"，"要…才…"，把否定譯為肯定。

Nobody

knows

what

he

can

do

till

he

has

tried.20．not

so…but和not

such

a

…but結構

這兩個結構和"否定+but"的結構差不多，不同之點是這兩個結構中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的連續詞，表示程度。可譯為"還沒有……到不能做……的程度"，"并不是……不……"，"無論怎樣……也不是不能……"等。

He

is

not

so

sick

but

he

can

come

to

school.21．

疑問詞+should…but

結構

這個結構表示過去的意外的事，意為"none…but"，可譯為"除了…還有誰會…"，"豈料"，"想不到…竟是…"等。

Who

should

write

it

but

himself?22．who

knows

but

(that)…

和who

could

/should…but結構這個結構是反問形式，一般意譯為"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有時也可直譯。

Who

knows

but

(that)

he

may

go?23．祈使句+and和祈使句+or結構

祈使句+and表示If…you…；祈使名+or表示if…not…，you。

Add

love

to

a

house

and

you

have

a

home.

Add

righteousness

to

a

city

and

you

have

a

community.

Add

truth

to

a

pile

of

red

brick

and

you

have

a

school.24．名詞+and結構

在這個結構中，名詞等于狀語從句，或表示條件，或表示時間。

A

word,

and

he

would

lose

his

temper.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY25．as…,so…結構

這里的so的意思是in

the

same

way（也是如此）。此結構表明兩個概念在程度上和關系上相似。

As

rust

eats

iron,

so

care

eats

the

heart.26．if

any結構

if

any和if

ever，意思是"果真有…"，"即使有…"，表示加強語氣。與此類似的還有：if

anything（如有不同的話，如果稍有區別），if

a

day（=at

least，至少）。

There

is

little,

if

any,

hope.27．“be

it

ever(never)so”

和“let

it

be

ever(never)so”

結構

這里，"be

it"中的"be"是古英語假設語氣的遺留形式，現代英語則使用"let

it

be"。"ever

so"和"never

so"都表示同一意思，都表示"very"。

Be

it

ever

so

humble

(let

it

be

ever

so

humble),

home

is

home.28．

“the

last+不定式”

和

“the

last

+定語從詞”

結構

Sheisthelastonetoleavetheclassroomnow.YouarethelastoneIwilllove.He

is

the

last

man

to

accept

a

bride.Thesewatchesarethelastonestobemadeofgold.這種結構中的"last"意思是"the

least

likely"，用于否定性推論。可譯為"最不大可能的"，"最不合適的"，由原意的"最后一個……"變成"最不可能……的一個"。29．

so…that…句型

這個句型的意思是“如此…，以致于…”，但在翻譯時，許多情況下，并不是一定要這樣譯，而是變通表達其含義。

He

ran

so

fast

that

nobody

could

catch

him

up.30．more

+

than+原級形容詞（副詞）結構

這是將不同性質加以比較，其中的"more"有"rather"的意思。

It

is

more

than

probable

that

he

will

fall.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY31．

more

than

+動詞的結構這種結構表示動詞的程度，可譯為"異常"，"豈止"，"十二分地"等。

This

more

than

satisfied

me.32．good

and

…

的副詞用法

The

apples

are

good

and

ripe.Thecarisfineandsmart.Thegirlislovelyandbeautiful.Theboyisbrightandclever.Thericeisrareanddelicious.Thewomanisbigandpretty.譯為“非常”，“很”等。類似還有niceand…,fineand…,lovely

and

…,

bright

and

…,

rare

and

…,

big

and

…等，均表示程度。33．and

that結構

這里"and

that"應譯為"而且…"，表示對它前面陳述部分的語氣加強，"that"代表前面的整個陳述部分。

Return

to

your

work

,

and

that

at

once.34．at

once…and結構

此結構譯為"既…又…"，起相關連接的作用，相當于both…and…。

The

novel

is

at

once

pleasing

and

instructive.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY35．in

that…結構

此結構的意思是"在那一點上（方面）"，可譯為"因為"。類似的結構還有"in

this…"。

The

budget

is

unrealistic

in

that

it

disregards

increased

costs.36．the

name

notwithstanding結構

notwithstanding是介詞，可以置前，可以置后，比如也可寫成：notwithstanding

the

name。起讓步狀語的作用。

Some

people

think

of

the

storage

battery

as

a

sort

of

condenser

where

electricity

is

stored.Butthisisanentirely

wrong

conception,

the

name

notwithstanding.UseofNotwithstanding~asteadydeclineinnumbers,theschoolhashadaverysuccessfulyear.Languagedifficulties~,hesoongrewtolovethecountryandpeople.Manypeopletoldhernottotry,butshewentahead~.37．Every…not和All…not結構Every…not表示"不見得每個……都是……"；All…not表示"不見得所有……都是……"的意思。

Every

man

is

not

polite,

and

all

are

not

born

gentlemen.38．may

as

well

not…as結構此結構意為"與其……不如不……"。

One

may

as

well

not

know

a

thing

at

all

as

know

it

but

imperfectly.39．have

only

to

…do結構此結構表示"只須（消）…就能…"的意思。

We

have

only

to

turn

to

that

extraordinary

discovery

made

by

Edison

to

see

the

significance

of

it.40．not

(no)

…unless…句型No

increase

in

output

can

be

expected

unless

a

new

assemblyline

is

installed.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY41．better…than…句型Better

my

life

should

be

ended

bytheir

hate,

than

that

hated

life

should

be

prolonged

to

live

without

your

love.42．

as

it

were

這是一個非常常用的插入語，意思是"好象"，"可以說"等。

Apieceofironnearamagnet,throughapparently

separate

from

it

,

feels,

as

it

were,

the

threads

of

this

attachment.43．主語結構復雜，把謂語提前，定語從句置后

在下面例句中，由于anyone的定語從句過長，把謂語must

realize提到定語從句之前。

Though

faith

and

confidence

are

surely

more

or

lass

foreigntomynature,Idonot

infrequently

find

myself

looking

to

them

to

be

able,

diligent,

candid,

and

even

honest.

Plainly

enough,

that

is

too

large

an

order,

as

anyone

must

realize

who

reflects

upon

the

manner

in

which

they

reach

public

office.44．

not…any

more

than…此結構為："不能…，正如不能…"。

One

cannot

learn

to

sketch

and

express

himself

graphically

only

by

reading

about

it

any

more

than

one

can

learn

to

swim

while

standing

by

the

pool.45．By

that

as

it

may與Let

it

be

that

as

it

mayBy

that

as

it

may是Let

it

be

that

as

it

may的省略形式，是由be引起的另外一種假設結構，意思是"雖然如此，盡管這樣"。

It

is

said

that

the

nerve

poison

is

the

more

primitive

of

the

two,

that

the

blood

poison

is,

so

to

speak,

a

new

product

from

an

improved

formula.

Be

that

as

it

may,

the

nerve

poison

does

its

business

with

man

far

more

quickly

than

the

blood

poison.46．if

at

all引起的主謂結構不完整的短句

這是一個由“if”引起的主謂結構不完整的短句，結為"即將…"，"即使…"等。

I

can

see

only

with

great

difficulty,

if

at

all.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY47．

there句型引起的復雜句子結構There

have

been,

opened

up

to

the

vast

and

excellent

science,

in

which

my

work

is

the

beginning,

ways

and

means

by

which

other

minds

more

accurate

than

mine

will

explore

its

remote

corners.48．

"range

from

…to…"結構這是一個常見結構，譯時很多情況下應變通處理，不能完全依靠辭典上的釋義。

Computer

applications

range

from

an

assembly

line

completely

run

by

computers

to

a

children

toy

responding

to

remote

signals.49．

"the

way…"結構I

always

thought

she

was

a

common-sense

person

who

discussed

things

the

way

they

ought

to

be

discussed.50．

復雜賓補結構In

recent

years,

the

development

of

sensitive

and

accurate

measuring

equipment

has

made

it

possible

to

measure

the

acuity

of

hearing

of

any

individual

at

different

frequencies.51．

動詞短語的分隔結構1）

動詞短語相關部分被分隔（當“make

use

of

”，“take

notice

of”，“pay

attention

to”，等動詞短語變成被動語態時）。

Use

is

made

of

solar

energy

in

heating

houses.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY2）雙重定語引起的分隔結構But

there

is

of

culture

another

view,

in

which

not

solely

the

scientific

passion,

the

sheer

desire

to

see

things

as

theyare,

natural

andproperinanintelligentbeing,appearsasthe

ground

of

it.52．

"to

be

doing…when…"

多譯為“正在做…時，突然…”。在簡單的句子中容易看出，一旦句子變得復雜一些，可能就不太容易識別這種句型。She

said

she

and

a

friend

had

gone

outto

dinner

that

night,

and

were

walking

home

together

at

about

10

o'clock,

when

a

"very

big,very

tall

man",accosted

them

and

demandedtheirpurses.53．

"too…to"句型Then

I

remembered

how

often

I,

too,

had

been

indifferent

to

the

grandeur

of

each

day,

too

preoccupied

with

petty

and

sometimes

even

mean

concerns

to

respond

to

the

splendor

of

it

all.54．

"so

much

that…"句型But

he

developed

gradually

a

very

musical

English.

He

learnt

to

write

sentences

that

fall

away

on

the

ear

with

a

misty

languor

and

it

delighted

him

so

much

that

he

could

never

have

enough

of

it.55．

when引導狀語從句的不同意義when引導狀語從句有時并不好譯，不能一看到when從句就考慮譯為“當……的時候”，它還有許多種意義。

Anything

is

better

than

not

to

write

clearly.

There

is

nothing

to

be

said

against

lucidity,

and

against

simplicity

only

the

possibility

of

dryness.

This

is

a

risk

that

is

well

worth

taking

when

you

reflect

how

much

better

it

is

to

be

bold

than

to

wear

a

curly

wig.56．

"not…because…"

not有時可否定前面，有時可否定because本身，往往出現歧義。應根據上下文判定。

In

1600

the

earth

was

not

the

center

of

the

universe

because

the

majority

then

supposed

it

was;

nor,

becauseshe

had

more

readers,

was

Ella

wheelerWilcox

a

better

poet

than

Father

Hopkins.57．

"so…that,

such…that"

這是一個普通的句型，但在同一個句子里有兩處使用它卻比較復雜。

The

truth

is,

that

in

one

point

of

view,

this

matter

of

national

literature

has

come

to

such

a

pass

with

us,

that

in

some

sense

we

must

turn

bullies,

else

the

day

is

lost,

or

superiority

so

far

beyond

us,

that

we

can

hardly

say

it

will

ever

be

ours.58．

"by

doing…"結構

這個結構通常是方式狀語，意思是"通過（做）……"，但翻譯實踐中不能拘泥于這種釋義，不少情況下需要靈活變通。

The

hippos,

by

depositing

dung

in

the

water,

fed

the

fish

that

support

the

storks

that

destroy

the

rare

trees.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY59．

以形容詞作表語的倒裝

以形容詞作表語的倒裝，是因為主語很長，而且又含有非常復雜的句型。翻譯實踐中多把倒裝部分譯到最前面。

No

less

obvious

is

the

fact

there

are

great

numbers

of

people

so

constituted

or

so

brought

up

that

they

cannot

get

so

much

pleasure

out

of

processes

and

experiences

resulting

in

a

poorer

life

less

full

of

meaning.60．

"what…of"句型I

can

not

say

of

myself

what

Johnson

said

of

Pope:

He

never

passed

a

fault

unamended

by

indifference,

nor

quitted

it

by

despair.

I

do

not

write

as

I

do;

I

write

as

I

can.61．think（believe）否定謂語的賓語從句雙重否定和肯定意義英語的一個習慣用法是：當否定謂語think（believe）時，實際上是否定其后面的賓語從句。否定就落在賓語從句上。這樣賓語從句就變成了雙重否定，譯時可以按雙重否定譯，也可按肯定來譯。

It

is

a

valuable

work.

I

do

not

think

anyone

writes

so

well

that

he

cannot

learn

much

from

it.62．

"to

have

not…(as)

to

see…"此結構中的不定式也有否定意味。

He

had

not

the

good

breeding

to

see

that

simplicity

and

naturalness

are

the

truest

marks

of

distinction.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY63．

"It

occurred

to

sb.

that…"意為“突然想到”，“It

dawned

on

sb.that…”.“突然想起”等。從句是想起的內容。

I

remember

once

being

on

a

bus

andlooking

at

a

stranger.

He

suddenly

looked

back

at

me,i.e.oureyesmet.My

instinctive

reaction

was

to

avert

my

gaze.

It

occurred

to

me

that

if

I

had

continued

to

maintain

eye

contact,

I

would

have

been

rude

and

aggressive.64．

"It

follows

that…"="It

happens

as

a

result…"常常被譯為"由此可見"，"因此"，"從前"，"可以推斷"等等。

It

follows

that

the

housewife

will

also

expect

to

be

able

to

have

more

leisure

in

her

life

without

lowering

her

standard

of

living.

It

also

follows

that

human

domestic

servants

will

have

completely

ceased

to

exist.65．

"that's

all

there

is

to

it

"意思是"也不過如此而已"。可根據上下文視情況處理。

If

I'm

touched,

I'm

touched-that's

all

there

is

to

it.JIANGSUNORMALUNIVERSITY66．

"The

chances

are

that…"這是一種句型，譯為"有可能……"。The

chances

are

you

will

never

attempt

that

speed

with

poetry

or

want

to

race

though

some

passages

in

fiction

over

which

you

wish

to

linger.67．

feel,

see,

leave引起賓語的賓語補足語，或在被動語態中引起主語補足語的某些慣用句型有時see和feel這兩個詞的被動式不大好譯。遇到這種情況應挖掘其深層含義，不要拘泥于表面形式The

education

of

the

young

is

seen

to

be

of

primary

importance.68．某此以否定詞語引出的一些結構

no,

nowhere,

never,

not…but,

not…any,

nothing

but,

hardly,

scarcely,

seldomI

never

go

past

the

theatre

but

I

think

of

his