PAGE5高中語法歸納簡表時態(標注星號的八個時態為重點時態)現在范疇一般現在時*****主語+動詞原形（主語是第三人稱單數，謂語動詞要加s,變三單）Ilikesports.Helikessports.2.現在進行時*****主語+am/is/are+doingTheyarebuildinganewcinemahereandhopetofinishitnextyear.3.現在完成時*****主語+have/hasdoneHaveyouhadyourlunchyet?HehasbeentoBeijingtwice.4.現在完成進行時主語+have/hasbeendoingNowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucyhasbeenconsideringgoingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.現在完成時與現在完成進行時的區別：現在完成時強調：①動作已完成②動作結果現在完成進行時強調：①動作尚未完成②動作本身過去范疇5.一般過去時*****主語+動詞過去式（規則加ed,不規則動詞必背）Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.Ineverthoughthewoulddothat.6.過去進行時*****主語+was/were+doing--YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourofficeyesterday.--Oh,Iwashavingameeting.7.過去完成時*****主語+haddone(強調過去的過去，必有另一個過去的動作做參照)ThefilmhadbeenonforhalfanhourwhenIgottothecinema.Iarrivedlate;Ihadn’texpectedtheroadtobesoicy.8.過去完成進行時主語+hadbeendoing(符合兩個因素：①過去的過去②強調動作的持續)Hehadbeenpreparingforanimportantexambeforehewentonholidays.將來范疇9.一般將來時*****主語+will/begoingto+doLookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.Paperandpenswillbereplacedbycomputersinthenextcentury.10.將來進行時主語+willbedoing--Canwemeettomorrowmorning?--Notinthemorning,I’mafraid.Iwillbeworking.11.將來完成時主語+willhavedoneBythistimeofnextyear,allofyouwillhavebecomecollegestudents.12.過去將來時*****主語+would/was,weregoingto+doHepromisedthathewouldn’tsmokeagain.ItwasclearthathewasgoingtomeetJane.二、被動語態結構：主語+be+done被動語態的不同時態iswashasbeenThebridgehadbeenbuilt.isbeing(過去分詞始終保留，時態只在be動詞上變化)wasbeingwillbe三、非謂語動詞(分詞、動名詞與不定式)三步走策略：看主動、被動看動作時間看句意，有無not同時先發生未發生正在進行主動doinghavingdonetododoing被動donehavingbeendonetobedonebeingdoneStandingonthetopofthemountain,Icanseeabeautifulview.Givenenoughtime,heissuretosucceed.Notgivenenoughtime,heissuretofail.Havinghittherock,theshipsank.Havingbeenhitbythestorm,theshipsank.Tocompletetheproject,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldinourclubnextFriday.Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.doing與todo做動詞賓語的歸類⑴只能加(not)todo做賓語的動詞口訣：決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help此外，afford,strive,happen,wait也要用todo做賓語e.g.ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.⑵只能加doing做賓語的動詞口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想避免錯過繼續練，否認完成就欣賞禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準逃亡consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/putoff,fancy;avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape（注意allow/permitsb.todosth.）e.g.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisklosingthegoodopportunity.⑶既可加doing,又可加todo,但意義上有區別todosth忘記做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth忘記已經做過某事（已做過）todosth記住要做某事rememberdoingsth記得曾經做過某事todosth.遺憾要去做某事regretdoingsth后悔做過某事todosth停下來去做另一件事stopdoingsth停止做某事todosth努力做某事trydoingsth嘗試著做某事todosth打算做某事meandoingsth意味著做某事todosth（做完某事）接著做另一件事goondoingsth繼續做同一件事(goonwithsth)四、定語從句1.找先行詞2.判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分主語賓語(可省)地狀時狀所屬整個句子人who/thatwho(m)/that————whose——物which/thatwhich/thatwhere或介詞+whichwhen或介詞+whichwhose或the+名+ofwhichwhich五、狀語從句連詞so/such…that…如此…以至于…sothat…/inorderthat…為了，目的是…incase/forfearthat…以防unless…除非if/onconditionthat/suppose/supposing/providedthat….如果as/solongas…只要asif/asthough…好像although/though/evenif/eventhough/while…盡管,雖然since自從/既然，由于while①當…時候；②表對比：然而，但是；③盡管，雖然not…until…直到…才…assoonas…/themoment/hardly…when…/nosooner…than…一…就…六、虛擬語氣⑴條件句1.零條件句：條件必然導致結果主現從現真實條件句Icemeltsifthesunshinesonit.2.第一條件句：條件可能導致結果主將從現Wewillgoforapicnicifitisafinedaytomorrow.3.第二條件句：對現在的假設If主語+did/were,主句+woulddo虛擬條件句IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdothat.混合虛擬句4.第三條件句：對過去的假設If主語+haddone,主句+wouldhavedoneIfhehadattendedthemeeting,hewouldhaveseenher.⑵在一些表示建議、愿望、命令的動詞引導的賓語從句中（如：suggest,insist,demand,order,require,insist,propose,advise），從句中的謂語動詞要用should+do，should可以省略。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.Thedoctororderedthatthepatient(should)besenttohospitalwithoutdelay.⑶wish/ifonly…表遺憾，譯為“要是…就好了”did/were(對現在的遺憾)wish/ifonly+主語haddone(對過去的遺憾)could/would/mightdo(對將來的遺憾)HowIwishIhad