職稱英語衛生C閱讀理解考試題庫第4部分：閱讀理解(第31-45題,每題3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇Late-nightDrinkingCoffeelovers,becareful.Havingaquick“pick-me-up”cupofcoffeelateinthedaywillinterruptyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulant，caffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatonin(褪黑激素),thebrainhormonethatsendspeopleIntoasleep.Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeakbetween2amand4am,beforefallingagain.“It’stheneurohormone(神經激素)thatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowake,”saysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpidemiologyResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone.LotanShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecaf(脫咖啡因咖啡).Onaverage,subjectsslept336minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffee,comparedwith415minutesafterdecaf.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropoff,twiceaslongasusual.Inthesecondphaseoftheexperiment,theresearcherswokethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurine(尿)sample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers.InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicine，theresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzyme(酶)thatdrivesmelatoninproduction.Becauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebody,Ohayonrecommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecafafterlunch.31Theauthormentions“pick-me-up”toindicatethat______.AmelatoninlevelsneedtoberaisedBneurohormonecanwakeusupCcoffeeisastimulantDcaffeinecanbalanceourbrainhormone答案：C解析：文中第一段第二句提到“Havingaquick“pick-me-up”cupofcoffeelateinthedaywillinterruptyoursleep”，說明在一天中的晚些時候喝一杯提神咖啡會影響睡眠。所以答案為C。32Whichofthefollowingtellsushowcaffeineaffectssleep?AItblocksproductionoftheenzymethatstopsmelatoninproduction.BItinterruptstheflowofthehormonethatpreventspeoplefromsleeping.CIthalvesthebody’slevelsofsleephormone.DItstaysinthebodyformanyhours.答案：C解析：文中第二段最后一句提到“ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone”，說明以色列研究界發現含咖啡因的咖啡使體內的褪黑激素減半，所以答案為C。33WhatdoesParagraph3mainlydiscuss?ADifferenteffectsofcaffeinatedcoffeeanddecafonsleep.BLotanShilo’sresearchdesignonsleep.CWhatthesubjectsdidafterdrinkingdecafatnight.DWhysomesubjectstookhalfanhourtofallasleep.答案：A解析：第三段介紹了LotanShilo和他的小組發現六名自愿者在喝了含咖啡因的咖啡之后的睡眠質量比喝了不含咖啡因的咖啡之后要差，受試者在喝了含咖啡因的咖啡;平均每晚睡336分鐘，而喝了不含咖啡因的咖啡后睡415分鐘。所以，這段主要講的是含咖啡因的咖啡與不含咖啡因的咖啡對睡眠的不同影響，答案是A。34TheexperimentmentionedinParagraph4findsthatcaffeinedrinkers______.AsleeplongerthandecafdrinkersBproducemoreurineatnightCwakeupeverythreehoursDproducelessmelatonin答案：D解析：文中第四段第二句提到“Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffcincdrinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers”，說明喝含咖啡因咖啡的人褪黑激素的濃度是喝了不含咖啡因咖啡的`人的一半，所以答案是D。35Ohayonadvisescoffeelovers______.AtotakedecafafterlunchBtodrinklesscoffeeduringthedayCnottogotobedaftertakingcoffeeDnottodrinkcoffeeaftersupper答案：A解析：文中第五段提到“Ohayonrecommcndsthatcoffceloversswitchtodecafafterlunch”，說明Ohayon建議愛喝咖啡的人午餐喝不含咖啡因的咖啡，因此答案是A。C全文都在講芭蕾的發展歷程。第二篇TheDevelopmentofBalletBalletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged.BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility(貴族)，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic,poetryanddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchones,courtladlesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovement,theywereabletoperformelaborate(復雜的)walkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts,changedtoflatshoes,andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance,himselfadevoteddancer,foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigs(假發)andcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.ClassicalballetasweknowtodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemld-1800s.OneofthemostInfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.Hisdancecompany,theBalletsRusses,broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.Oneofhischiefassistants,GeorgeBalanchine,wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.36Thispassagedealsmainlywith_____.AfamousnamesinballetBRussianballetChowballethasdevelopedDwhyballetisnolongerpopular答案：C解析：C全文都在講芭蕾的發展歷程。37Theword“pageants”inParagraph2means_______.AdancesBinstructionsCroyalcourtsDbigshows答案：D解析：D通過前后文得出pageants包括了music,poetry和dance，可知該題的意思可能是一包含這些藝術形式的表演，這個同的實際意義是“盛大的慶典”?；蛘咄ㄟ^排除法也可輕松排除其他三個答案，從而選出正確答案。38Professionalballetwasfirstperformedin______.AItalyBFranceCRussiaDAmerica答案：B解析：B第三段的第一、二句Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance，himselfadevoteddancer，foundedtheRoyalAcadcmyofDance.由此司以得出答案是B項。39Whohadanimportantinfluenceonearlyballet?ABalanchine.BAntoinette.CDiaghilev.DLouisXIV.答案：D解析：芭蕾按發展歷程分可分為早期芭蕾和經典芭蕾。A、B、C項中的人物都是經典芭蕾時期的，只有D項中的LouisXIV是對早期芭蕾產生了重要影響。40Wecanconcludefromthispassagethatballet.AisadyingartBwillcontinuetochangeCiscurrentlyperformedonlyinRussiaDisoftenperformedbydancerswithlittletraining答案：B解析：由第一段可知，芭蕾之所以到現在還長盛不衰，是因為多年來一直根據流行趨勢在調整和發展，因此B項正確，同時可知A項錯誤。芭蕾舞在世界各地都有表演，因此C項錯誤。芭蕾舞演員需要專業訓練，可知D項錯誤。第三篇TheWorld’sBest-SellingMedicineSinceancienttimes,peopleallovertheworldhaveusedwillowtostoppain.Thewillowtreecontainssalicylicacid(水楊酸)Thisstopspain,butthereisoneproblem.Salicylicacidalsohurtsthestomach,in1853,aFrenchscientistmadeamixturefromwillowthatdidnothurtthestomach.However,hismixturewasdifficulttomake,andhedidnottrytoproduceorsellit.In1897，inGermany,FelixHoffmannalsomadeamixturewithsalicylicacid.Hetriedithimselffirstandthengaveittohisfatherbecausehisfatherwasoldandinalotofpain.Hisfather’spainwentaway,andthemixturedidnothurthisstomach.HoffmannworkedforBayer,aGermancompany.Heshowedhisnewdragtohismanager,whotestedthedragandfoundthatitworkedwell.Bayerdecidedtomakethedrug.TheycalleditaspirinandputtheBayernameoneverypill.Aspirinwasanimmediatesuccess.Almosteveryonehaspainofsomekind,soaspirinansweredatrueneed.Aspirinwascheap,easytotake,andeffective.Italsoloweredfevers.Aspirinwasawonderdrug.Atfirst，Bayersoldthedrugthroughdoctors,whothensoldittotheirpatients.In1915,thecompanystartedtosellaspirinindrugstores.IntheUnitedStates,Bayerhadapatent(專利權)onthedrag.Othercompaniescouldmakesimilarproductsandselltheminothercountries,butonlyBayercouldmakeandsellaspirinintheUnitedStates.Intime,BayercouldnolongerownthenameaspirinintheUnitedStates.Othercompaniescouldmakeitthere,too.However,Bayeraspirinwasthemostwellknown,andformanyyears,itwasthemarketleader.Bythe1950s,newpainkillerswereonthemarket.Aspirinwasnolongertheonlywaytotreatpainandreducefever.Bayerandothercompanieslookedforotherdrugstomake.However,inthe1970stheygotasurprise.Doctorsnoticedthatpatientswhoweretakingaspirinhadfewerheartattacksthanotherpeople.ABritishresearchernamedJohnVanefoundthereasonaspirinhelpedtopreventheartattacks.In1982,hewontheNobelPrizeforhisresearch.Doctorsstartedtotellsomeoftheirpatientstotakeaspirineverydaytopreventheartattacks.Ithasmadelifebetterforthemanypeoplewhotakeit.IthasalsomadealotofmoneyforcompanieslikeBayerthatproduceandsellit!41Whydidn'ttheFrenchscientistcontinuetomakethemedicinethatstoppedpain?AItdidn'tworkwell.BIthurtthestomach.CItwashardtomake.DItwasnotcost-effective.答案：C解析：文中第一段最后一句話提到“However，hismixturewasdifficulttomake,andhedidnottrytoproduceorsellit”，可以看出他是因為困難所以停止，因此答案是C。42WhywasFelixHoffmannlookingforapainkiller?AHiscompanytoldhimtodothat.BHisfather