書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱廣廈學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

The（）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

問題1選項

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項origin“起源、來源”，往往與過去的活動、風俗、事件等有關；B選項generation“產生、發生”，通常經過生產、操作等過程；C選項descent“遺傳，派生，世系”；D選項cause“原因，因由”，一般指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：那個詞的起源雖不為人所知，但肯定不是來自希臘語。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganizedpeopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments."Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate."hesays,"Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone."

Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.

Indeed,Japanisgoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled"Japaneseschoolgirlwatch",servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.

Thecountry'smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan'sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.

ThebestwaytograspJapan'smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ityoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:"damedesu"—it'snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalkingonamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).

1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianpersonwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile-phonecultureinthat（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheJapaneseteenagersarefondofthemobiledataservicesbecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage,basedonitscontent?

問題1選項

A.Heisafraidofmissingabusinessopportunity.

B.Hisfamilymembersmaycallhiminemergency.

C.Hethinksitisrudetoleaveacallunanswered.

D.Heneedstogetpostedaboutthelatestchangeintheworkschedule.

問題2選項

A.Howweuseourphonesreflectwherewelive.

B.Technologiesdeterminethewaywecommunicate.

C.Cultureinfluencesthedevelopmentoftechnologies.

D.Socialconditionsdictatethemobilefuture.

問題3選項

A.theJapanesearetheearliestmobilephoneusers

B.theJapanesearethechattiestmobilephoneusers

C.theJapaneseusemobileinternetearlyon

D.Japanprovidesthebestmobilephoneservices

問題4選項

A.theyliketoplayelectronicgames

B.theyliketotalktotheirfriendsonthephone

C.theycanreadnovelsonthephone

D.theycancommunicatewiththeirfriendsmoreconveniently

問題5選項

A.theJapanesephoneculture

B.cultureandtechnology

C.allalike,alldifferent

D.handy,ifyouarethrifty

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段最后一句提到“Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”如果你在意大利開會時沒有開手機，你可能會錯過下一個會議。因此A選項“他擔心錯過商機”與工作商務有關，符合題意。B選項“他的家人可能會在緊急情況下打電話給他”；C選項“他認為不回復手機來電是不禮貌的”；D選項“他需要及時獲知工作日程的最新變化”。

2.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到“Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"”技術始終是有建設性的，且由歷史、社會和文化背景構成。因為C選項“文化影響技術的發展”符合題意。

3.細節事實題。文章第三段提到“ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.”但在接下來的十年中，考慮到日本早期對移動互聯網的接受，它被廣泛視為移動未來的模式。因此C選項“日本人很早就使用移動互聯網”符合題意。

4.細節事實題。文章第四段提到“Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.”尤其是那些苦惱的青少年，很少有機會私下交談，如果不是違法的話，在公共場合打電話也是不受歡迎的。因此，移動數據服務具有吸引力。可知D選項“他們可以更方便地與他們的朋友交流”正確。

5.主旨大意題。由文章第一段第一句“Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories”然而這些全球趨勢隱藏了不同的國家和地區的故事。第二段第一句“Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused”其他世俗的因素也會影響手機的使用方式。可知本文主要以手機為例，表達全球化的共性和個性，因此選C“都相似，都各不同”。

3.單選題

Bothdog'sdietandstructureare_______tothoseofthehumanbeing,andsoithasbeenthesubjectofcountlessdemonstrationsandexperiments.

問題1選項

A.comparable

B.comparative

C.equal

D.contrary

【答案】A

【解析】comparable比得上;comparative比較的,相當的。句意：狗的飲食和結構都可以與人類相比,因此它已經成為無數演示和實驗的對象。選項A符合句意。

4.單選題

Allnationalheroesshouldberecognized,yetthe（）man,sooftenoverlookedorforgotteninthevolumesofhistory,atleastdeservesafootnoteinthemakingofAmericaanditsstruggletosurvive.

問題1選項

A.actual

B.common

C.special

D.normal

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。actual實際的；common常見的，普通的；special特殊的；normal正常的。句意：民族英雄應該被承認，然而___人在歷史的長河中經常忽視或忘記他們，所以民族英雄在美國形成和掙扎求生的過程中值得有一個腳注。從我們常識判斷應該是說普通人容易忘記這些民族英雄。所以B項符合題意。

5.單選題

WhatwetodaycallAmericanfolkartwas,indeed,artof,by,andforordinary,everyday“folks”who,withincreasingprosperityandleisure,createdamarketforartofallkinds,andespeciallyforportraits.Citizensofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublics—whetherancientRomans,seventeenth-centuryDutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryAmericans—havealwaysshownamarkedtasteforportraiture.Startinginthelateeighteenthcentury,theUnitedStatescontainedincreasingnumbersofsuchpeople,andoftheartistswhocouldmeettheirdemands.

TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEngland—especiallyConnecticutandMassachusetts-forthiswasawealthyandpopulousregionandthecenterofastrongcrafttradition.WithinafewdecadesafterthesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependencein1776,thepopulationwaspushingwestward,andportraitpainterscouldbefoundatworkinwesternNewYork,Ohio,Kentucky,Illinois,andMissouri.Midwaythroughitsfirstcenturyasanation,theUnitedStates’populationhadincreasedroughlyfivetimes,andelevennewstateshadbeenaddedtotheoriginalthirteen.Duringtheseyearsthedemandforportraitsgrewandgrew,eventuallytobesatisfiedbythecamera.In1839thedaguerreotypewasintroducedtoAmerica,usheringintheageofphotography,andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.Onceagainanoriginalportraitbecamealuxury,commissionedbythewealthyandexecutedbytheprofessional.

Butintheheydayofportraitpainting—fromthelateeighteenthcenturyuntilthe1850’s—anyonewithamodicumofartisticabilitycouldbecomealimner,assuchaportraitistwascalled.Localcraftspeople一sign,coach,andhousepainters一begantopaintportraitsasaprofitablesideline;sometimesatalentedmanorwomanwhobeganbysketchingfamilymembersgainedalocalreputationandwasbesiegedwithrequestsforportraits;artistsfounditworththeirwhiletopacktheirpaints,canvases,andbrushesandtotravelthecountryside,oftencombininghousedecoratingwithportraitpainting.

1.InLines3-5theauthormentionsseventeenth-centuryDutchburghersasanexampleofagroupthat（

）

2.Accordingtothepassage，whereweremanyofthefirstAmericanfolkartportraitspainted?（

）

3.Theword“this”inLine8refersto（

）

4.Thephrase“usheringin”inLine14isclosestinmeaningto（

）

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontributedtoadeclineinthedemandforpaintportraits?（

）

問題1選項

A.consistedmainlyofself-taughtartists.

B.appreciatedportraits.

C.influencedAmericanfolkart.

D.hadlittletimeforthearts.

問題2選項

A.InwesternNewYork.

B.InIllinoisandMissouri.

C.InConnecticutandMassachusetts.

D.InOhio.

問題3選項

A.astrongcrafttradition.

B.Americanfolkart.

C.NewEngland.

D.westernNewYork.

問題4選項

A.beginning.

B.demanding.

C.publishing.

D.increasing.

問題5選項

A.Thelackofastrongcrafttradition.

B.Thewestwardmigrationofmanypainters.

C.Thegrowingpreferenceforlandscapepaintings.

D.Theinventionofthecamera.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節理解題。根據文意，主要是以荷蘭人為例表達了公民對肖像畫像的偏愛。選項B符合題意。

2.細節理解題。根據文章第二段，“TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEngland—especiallyConnecticutandMassachusetts”第一句就提到最早畫像是來自新英格蘭地區，選項C符合題意。

3.考查代詞。前一句提到了最早的民間藝術肖像來自新英格蘭地區，所以后文的this指代這個地區，選項C符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。根據文意，人們對肖像的需求越來越多，最終可以被相機所滿足，所以開啟了攝像時代的到來，選項A符合題意。細節理解題。根據文章第二段,“andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.”不到一代人，攝影技術就結束了繪畫肖像的流行。所以是照相機的發明終結了肖像藝術的流行，選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

He’swrittenanewbookinwhichhe______hisvisionofsocialreform.

問題1選項

A.quavers

B.propounds

C.purges

D.surges

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.quavers顫抖；發顫音B.propounds提議，提出

C.purges清除，消除；彌補D.surges洶涌；澎湃

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據關鍵信息hisvisionofsocialreform（他對社會改革的設想）可知，空格處表示“提出”符合句意。因此，該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項都不符合句意。

【句意】他寫了一本新書，在書中提出了他對社會改革的看法。

7.單選題

Centuriesofwindandrainhadwornawaythe（）onthegravestones.

問題1選項

A.descriptions

B.prescriptions

C.inscriptions

D.conscriptions

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。description“描述，描寫”；prescription“藥方；指示”；inscription“題詞，銘文”；conscription“征兵，征用”。句意：幾百年的風風雨雨早已把墓碑上的銘文侵蝕掉了。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Almostalllibrariesarefindingitincreasinglydifficulttoremainwithintheir（）now.

問題1選項

A.digest

B.budget

C.supplement

D.stocking

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。digest“文摘，摘要”；budget“預算”；supplement“增補品，補品”；stocking“長筒襪”。句意：幾乎所有的圖書館現在都發現他們的開支越來越難以保持在預算之內。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Theirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedand（）inquality.

問題1選項

A.influential

B.inferior

C.superior

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項influential“有影響的；有勢力的”；B選項inferior“差的；自卑的；下級的”；C選項superior“上級的；優秀的，出眾的”；D選項subordinate“從屬的，隸屬的；次要的”。句意：他們的產品時常定價過高且質量很差。并列連詞and連接“定價過高的”和空格，因此空格處填入B項合適。

10.填空題

Inaddition,changesmadetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity’sbuildingsandhighways,tomakethemmoreresistanttoquakes.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Ctomake改為making

【解析】【考查點】非謂語動詞。

【解題思路】C部分到句尾是句子的狀語，前面說到洛杉磯修改了建筑法規，這一舉措使城市建筑和高速公路更堅固，伴隨而來的是抗震能力提高了，C部分到句尾這部分為伴隨狀語，因此C部分應為making。

【句意】此外，在過去20年里，洛杉磯對建筑法規進行了修改，加強了城市建筑和高速公路的抗震能力。

11.問答題

Americanshavealwayshadafascinationwiththeunderworldsocietypopulatedbythose

A

whoopenlyresistedthelawsofdominantsocietyandinsteadcreatingtheirownworld,livingby

B

C

D

theirownrules.

【答案】試題答案：C;created

【解析】考查動詞辨析。根據句子的and可知連接的是兩個并列成分，因此時態形式要保持一致。and前面的resisted為過去式，故creating改為過去式created。

12.單選題

Itisnotcompatiblewiththeequalitarianidealthatthereshouldbesharpdifferencesinthescaleofmonetaryrewardforservicesperformed.InNewZealand,careoftheunderdoghaslongsincebeenamoreimportantconsiderationthanisthecaseinmanyothercountries.Successivegovernmentsmayclaimwithsomejusticetohaveabolishedpoverty,butthishasnotbeendonewithouttheretakingplaceanarrowingofmarginsbetweentherewardsforskilledandunskilledlabor,withitsconsequentdenialofincentivetoacquireskill,tostriveforself-improvement.Thecountry’scitizenshavecometoregardsocialsecurityastheirinalienableright,butbytakingtooreadilyforgrantedtheState’sobligationtowardsthemselvestheyareapttolosesightoftheconversepropositionthattheythemselveshaveobligationstotheState.

Thereluctancetorewardskilledlaboratratescalculatedtoprovideanincentiveforacquiringskillhasitscounterpartinthereluctancetoremuneratethenations’bestscholarsandscientistsonascalesufficienttokeepafairproportionofthemathome.

Thefactisoftendeploredthatsomanyyoungmenofthehighestabilityprefertotakeupacareeroverseas,butitisdoubtfulwhetherhighersalarieswouldstemtheirexodusinmorethanaminordegree.Underanycircumstances,regardlessofmonetaryreward,theintellectualelitewouldbetemptedtogoabroadinsearchofawiderfieldofendeavorthancanbefoundinsosmallacountryasNewZealand.

Inasocietywheregreatwealthisregardedasantisocial,itisnaturalthatostentationshouldbelookedataskance.Marksofdistinctionareliabletobehandicap.Forinstance,thepoliticianwhoacceptsatitledoesnotusuallyimprovehischancesofgainingorretainingofficebydoingso.RichardSeddon,itwillberemembered,consistentlyanddoubtlesswisely,refusedtoacceptaknighthood.Wealthcarrieswithitaminimumofprestige;itisapositivedisadvantagetotheaspiranttoapoliticalcareer.StronglymarkedindividualityoreccentricityareseldominevidenceamongNewZealanders,andevenwheretheydoexist,thequalitiesaretoleratedratherthanappreciated.Theruleofconformityprevails,andiftheAmericanwriter,SydneyGreenbie,istobebelieved,ithasalreadyproducedaconsiderablemeasureofstandardizationamongtheinhabitantsoftheDominion.“Infaceandfeature,inmindandtaste,”writesGreenbie,“themodernNewZealandersaresomuchalikethatitishardtorememberthenamesofpersonsyoumeetcasuallyforlackofdistinguishingcharacteristicstowhichtheeyecancling.”

Underconditionssuchasthosedescribedabove,itisnotsurprisingthatnoprivilegedclassshouldhavecomeintoexistencethroughlongpossessionoflandedestateorotherpermanentsourceofincome.Nevertheless,theclaimthatNewZealandershavedevelopedaclasslesssocietycanscarcelybesubstantiated.Snobbery,whendiscouragedinonequarter,.ispronetoappearinsomenewformelsewhere.RecentinvestigationsbyA.A.CongaltonandR.J.Havighurstshowthatthereisafairlywelldefinedanduniversalappreciationofthegraduatedsocialstatusattachingtovarioussocialoccupations.Resultsofasurveyinwhichacrosssectionofthepublicwasaskedtoansweraseriesofappositequestionsshowed,forexample,thatdoctors,lawyers,andbigbusinessmenweregradedaboveheadsofGovernmentDepartments,clergymen,anduniversityprofessors;thatofficeworkersratedhigherthanshopassistants,minersthanwharflaborers,andsoon.Incidentally,theinvestigationalsobroughttolightthefactthatanyattempttoinquireintotheexistenceofsocialdistinctionswithinthecommunityinvariablyrousedresentment.

Aprivilegedclassbeingalsoaleisuredclass,itsrejectionisinkeepingwithadeep-seatedbeliefthatworkhasavirtueinitsownright,withoutregardtoitsusefulness.Inpioneerdays,whenhandswerefewandsubsistencehardtowin,itwasindeedacrimetoremainidle,andthehabitofseeingidlenessasavicehasendured.Atthebeginningofthegreatslump,whenForbesthePrimeMinister,shockedatwhatthehadseenofthe“dole”duringavisittoEngland,declaredthatsolongasheretainedofficetherewouldbenopaymentwithoutwork,hiswordsappealedtoamoralpreceptdeeplyinculcatednotonlyinthemindsofreactionariesbutofmanyradicalsaswell.

1.OneresultofNewZealand’sefforttoabolishpovertyis______.

2.Somehighabilitypeoplepreferacareeroverseasbecauseof______.

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheNewZealandsociety?

4.NewZealandisnotaclasslesssocietyinthat______.

5.Ifpeoplebelievethatworkhasavirtueinitsownright,theywilldoallthefollowingEXCEPT______.

問題1選項

A.sharpdifferencesbetweentherichandthepoor

B.theegalitarianidealbecomesincompatible

C.careoftheunderdogbecomesmoreimportant

D.skilllearningandself-improvementarenotdesired

問題2選項

A.fiercecompetitionathome

B.highersocialstatusoverseas

C.moreopportunitiesabroad

D.monetaryrewardathome

問題3選項

A.Ostentation

B.Eccentricity

C.Individuality

D.Conformity

問題4選項

A.snobberyisdiscouragedeverywhereinNewZealand

B.peoplewithmorewealthseemtoenjoyahighsocialstatus

C.thedifferencebetweentherichandthepoorisgreat

D.NewZealandersdon’thaveapermanentsourceofincome

問題5選項

A.seeidlenessasavice

B.trytheirbestnottobeidle

C.notacceptaprivilegedclass

D.inquireintosocialdistinctions

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節事實題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段第三句Successivegovernmentsmayclaimwithsomejusticetohaveabolishedpoverty,butthishasnotbeendonewithouttheretakingplaceanarrowingofmarginsbetweentherewardsforskilledandunskilledlabor,withitsconsequentdenialofincentivetoacquireskill,tostriveforself-improvement（歷屆政府可能會不無道理地宣稱已經消除了貧困，但這一切都發生在對熟練工人和非熟練工人的報酬差距縮小的情況下，這就剝奪了人們獲得技能、追求自我提高的動力）。D選項“技能學習和自我提高都不受歡迎”，文章第一段提到，消除貧困的結果就是剝奪了人們獲得技能，追求自我提高的動力，D選項正確。A選項“貧富之間的巨大差異”，文章沒有提到此內容，可排除。C選項“照顧弱者變得更加重要”，文章所說，照顧弱者早已成為比其他許多國家更重要的考慮因素，而不是消除貧困所帶來的結果，可排除。因此D選項正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節事實題。由題干可以定位到文中第三段第一句Thefactisoftendeploredthatsomanyyoungmenofthehighestabilityprefertotakeupacareeroverseas,butitisdoubtfulwhetherhighersalarieswouldstemtheirexodusinmorethanaminordegree（事實往往令人遺憾的是，如此多的最有能力的年輕人寧愿在海外工作，但更高的薪水是否能阻止他們離開，而不僅僅是一個次要學位，這是值得懷疑的）。C選項“更多的機會在國外”，從文章來看，文章提到無論金錢的高低，知識精英們都會被誘惑到國外去尋找比新西蘭這樣一個小國更廣闊的領域，也就可以推測，海外有更多的機會，C選項的內容符合文章所說。A選項“國內競爭激烈”，文章沒有提到這個內容，可排除。B選項“海外較高的社會地位”，文章沒有提到此內容，B選項可排除。D選項“國內的金錢回報”，文章所說，無論經濟回報的高低，知識精英們都會被誘惑到國外去，D選項可排除。因此C選項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段倒數第三句Theruleofconformityprevails,andiftheAmericanwriter,SydneyGreenbie,istobebelieved,ithasalreadyproducedaconsiderablemeasureofstandardizationamongtheinhabitantsoftheDominion.（順從的原則占上風，如果美國作家西德尼?格林比的話可信的話，它已經在自治領居民中產生了相當程度的標準化）。D選項“遵守；符合”，從文章來看，新西蘭社會中順從原則會占上風，可推測，遵守最能描述新西蘭社會，D選項正確。A選項“賣弄；虛飾”，文章沒有提到這一點，A選項可排除。B選項“古怪；怪癖”，文章沒有提到此內容，可排除B選項。C選項“個性；個人”，文章所說強烈的個性或怪癖在新西蘭人身上很少有明顯的表現，即使有，這些品質也得到容忍而不是贊賞，可排除C選項。因此D選項正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段倒數第二句Resultsofasurveyinwhichacrosssectionofthepublicwasaskedtoansweraseriesofappositequestionsshowed,forexample,thatdoctors,lawyers,andbigbusinessmenweregradedaboveheadsofGovernmentDepartments,clergymen,anduniversityprofessors;thatofficeworkersratedhigherthanshopassistants,minersthanwharflaborers,andsoon.（醫生、律師、大商人等級高于政府部門負責人、神職人員、大學教授”等一系列相關問題的調查結果顯示，“醫生、律師、大商人等級高于政府部門負責人、神職人員、大學教授等級”；辦公室工作人員比店員得分高，礦工比碼頭工人得分高，等等）。也就可以推測，新西蘭社會是存在著階級關系，并且造成階級關系明顯的就是貧富差距。C選項“富人和窮人之間的差別很大”，符合文章內容，貧富差距造成的階級關系，C選項正確。A選項“在新西蘭，勢利是不受歡迎的”，文章所說，勢力如果被禁止，那么它就會在別的地方新出現，可排除A選項。B選項“富有的人似乎享有較高的社會地位”，文章沒有提到富人會享受更高的社會地位，B選項可排除。D選項“新西蘭人沒有固定的收入來源”，文章沒有提到此內容，可排除。因此C選項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段。D選項“探究社會差異”，文章沒有提到這個內容，人們不會去探究社會的差異，D選項正確。A選項“把懶惰看成一種惡習”，可以定位到文章第六段第二句Itwasindeedacrimetoremainidle,andthehabitofseeingidlenessasavicehasendured.（整天無所事事確實是一種罪過，把無所事事視為惡習的習慣一直存在著），也就是把懶惰看成一種惡習，A選項正確。B選項“盡量不閑著”，文章第六段第一句workhasavirtueinitsownright,withoutregardtoitsusefulness.（工作本身有一種優點，不管它有沒有用處），當人們把工作視為一種美德的時候，那么可推測，人們會自愿出去工作，B選項可排除。C選項“不接受特權階級”，文章第六段第一句Aprivilegedclassbeingalsoaleisuredclass,itsrejectionisinkeepingwithadeep-seatedbelief.（特權階級也是一個悠閑的階級，對它的排斥與一種根深蒂固的信念是一致的），可推測如果人們去工作，便不會接受特權，C選項可排除。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.

問題1選項

A.presents

B.oughttopresent

C.wouldpresent

D.present

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：大家接受了由市長頒獎的建議。一堅持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建議(advise,suggest,propose)、四要求(demand,require,request,desire)后面可以跟賓語從句，從句用虛擬語氣，即其謂語部分用should+動詞原形，其中should可省略。這里suggest跟賓語從句，用虛擬語氣，D選項“present”符合題意。A選項presents，B選項oughttopresent和C選項wouldpresent用法錯誤。因此D選項正確。

14.單選題

Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper（）closely.

問題1選項

A.followed

B.follows

C.following

D.tofollow

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。一般情況下，分詞作狀語時，應與句子的主語存在一定的邏輯關系(主謂或動賓關系)，否則分詞就須有自己的主語或邏輯賓語，來構成“名詞或代詞+分詞”的獨立分詞結構，用來表示原因、時間、條件、方式或伴隨情況等。copper與follow之間為主動關系，故用現在分詞形式。由此可見，C選項正確。copperfollowingitclosely是以現在分詞following為中心的獨立主格結構。（獨立主格結構就是某一個非謂語動詞短語，或名詞性短語，或形容詞性短語，或介詞短語的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，而是自己另帶的一個邏輯主語。比如本句的主語是silver，但following的邏輯主語是copper。又如：Hestoodthere,bookinhand.中的介詞短語inhand的邏輯主語是book而不是句子的主語he，所以bookinhand為獨立主格結構。）句意：銀是最好的導體，銅與之非常接近。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項。

15.單選題

WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethat1mightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“1wantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.

Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepageofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.

Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuildupofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.

InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting-alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”-has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanticonsumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives.Therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap.Thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-1990sequivalentofdroppingout.

WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline-afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate-1980s-andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdown-shiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.

Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe1980sdownshiftinginthemid-1990sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife-growingyouownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone-asapersonalrecognitionofyoulimitations.

1.Thewriterquitherfull-timejobbecause（）.

2.“Alateralmove”inparagraph1means（）.

3.Thewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting（）.

4.“Jugglingone’slife”probablymean（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof（）.

問題1選項

A.full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend

B.shewascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob

C.shewasinspiredbythephilosophyof“havingitall”.

D.shewasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.

問題2選項

A.achangeofresponsibilitybutnotposition

B.advocatingthenotionofanti-consumerism

C.achangefromalowerpositiontoahigherone

D.achangefromahigherpositiontoalowerone

問題3選項

A.enableshertorealizeherdream

B.helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife

C.promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus

D.leadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine.

問題4選項

A.takinganon-materialisticlifestyle

B.tryingoutalifewithabitofeverything

C.livingalifewithextremestress

D.advocatingthenotionofanti-consumerism

問題5選項

A.theeconomicsituation

B.man’sadventurousspirit

C.thequickpaceofmodernlife

D.man’ssearchformythicalexperiences

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“1wantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.一次橫向的人事調動傷害了我的自尊，阻礙了我事業的發展，使我不得不拋棄了那份引人注目的工作，盡管表面上我還要像一個蒙受屈辱的政府部長的姿態，通過聲稱想花更多的時間來陪伴家人來掩蓋我的退出。”可知作者因為一次人事調動而被迫放棄工作。故B項正確。ACD三項均不是作者離職的原因。

2.詞義題。Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough…lateral表示橫向的，平級的。可知這次人事調動是橫向調整，并沒有說明是升級或降級。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。Curiously,sometwo-and-