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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)江師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Therearefewapplications()opportunitiesthanrobots.

問題1選項

A.likely

B.morelikely

C.mostlikely

D.muchlikely

【答案】B

【解析】句意:很少有電子應(yīng)用軟件比機器人更可能對未來就業(yè)機會造成恐慌。

考查固定搭配。belikelyto可能做…。這里加入了more,用了比較級,表示“更可能”。

2.單選題

Britishscientistsfindthatthenestinghabitsof20speciesofbirdswiththewarmingtrendoftheearth'satmosphere.

問題1選項

A.conflict

B.coincide

C.adapt

D.approve

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項conflictv.沖突,矛盾,斗爭;B選項coincidev.—致,符合,同時發(fā)生;C選項adaptv.適應(yīng)于;D選項approvev.批準,贊成,滿意。根據(jù)句意可知,英國科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)二十種鳥類的筑巢習慣與地球大氣的溫度上升趨勢一致。因此,B項符合題意。

3.單選題

Speech—theactofutteringsoundstoconveymeaningisakindofhumanaction.Likeanyotherconstantlyrepeatedaction,speakinghastobelearned,butonceitislearned,itbecomesagenerallyunconsciousandapparentlyautomaticprocess.

Asfaraswecandeterminehumanbeingsdonotneedtobeforcedtospeak;mostbabiesscorntopossessasortofinstinctivedrivetoproducespeechlikenoises.Howtospeakandwhattosayareanothermatteraltogether,Theseactionsarelearnedfromtheparticularsocietyintowhichthebabyisborn;sothat,likeallconductthatislearnedfromasociety—fromthepeoplearoundus—speechisapatternedactivity.

Themeanderingbabbleandchatterofayoungchildareeventuallychanneledbyimitationintoafeworderlygroovesthatrepresentthepatternacceptedasmeaningfulbythepeoplearoundhim.Similarly,achild'sindiscriminatepracticeofputtingthingsintohismouthbecomeslimitedtoputtingfoodintohismouthinacertainway.

Thesoundsthatachildcanmakearemorevariedandnumerousthanthesoundsthatanyparticularlanguageutilizes.However,achildbornintoasocietywithapatternoflanguageisencouragedtomakeasmallselectionofsoundsandtomakethesefewsoundsoverandoveruntilitisnaturalforhimtomakethesesoundsandnoothers.

1.Foranadulttheprocessofspeakingusuallyinvolves()

.

2.Theselectionsaysthatmostbabieshaveaninstinctivedriveto()

.

3.Conductthatislearnedfromasocietymaybecalled()

.

4.Themostimportantfactorinachild'slearningtospeakprobablyis().

5.Thesoundsthatachildisabletomakeare().

問題1選項

A.consciousselectionofsounds

B.imitationofthosearoundhim

C.adrivetomakenoises

D.unconsciousactions

問題2選項

A.expressideasinwords

B.makespeechliksnoises

C.Conveymeaning

D.imitatesoundsaroundthem

問題3選項

A.instinctivedrive

B.selection

C.automaticactivity

D.patternedactivity

問題4選項

A.repetition

B.selection

C.instinct

D.imitation

問題5選項

A.notasvariedasthoseusedinlanguage

B.morevariedandnumerousthanthoseinanylanguage

C.farfewerthanthoseneededtoformalanguage

D.completelydifferentfromthesoundsoflanguage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Likeanyother...unconsciousandapparentlyautomaticprocess.”就像任何其他不斷重復(fù)的動作一樣,說話是需要學(xué)習的,但是一旦學(xué)會了,它就會變成一個通常無意識的、明顯是自動的過程。所以,說話過程通常包含無意識行為。選項D正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第二段的第一句“mostbabiesscorntopossessasortofinstinctivedrivetoproducespeechlikenoises.”選項B符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“l(fā)ikeallconductthatislearnedfromasociety—fromthepeoplearoundus—speechisapatteredactivity.”選項D符合原文。

第4題:根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“However,achild...untilitisnaturalforhimtomakethesesoundsandnoothers.”然而,一個出生在一個有語言模式的社會的孩子被鼓勵對聲音做一個小小的選擇,并不斷地發(fā)出這幾個聲音,直到他自然地發(fā)出這些聲音,而不是其他聲音。注意關(guān)鍵詞“natural”自然的,也就是本能地發(fā)出這種聲音,選項C符合原文。

第5題:根據(jù)第四段的第一句“Thesoundsthatachildcanmakearemorevariedandnumerousthanthesoundsthatanyparticularlanguageutilizes.”孩子能發(fā)出的聲音比任何一種語言所使用的聲音都要豐富多樣。選項B符合原文。

4.單選題

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora“teach-in”honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfheartedand—anothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon’thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909.Thatyear,Lincoln’slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasuryCommunitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountyeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lecturesandmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfulnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenlong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI’mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto“reassess”thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict—nosurprise—wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-feelyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—byhisadmirers,remember—as“nonjudgmental,”“unmoralistic,”“comfortablewithambiguity.”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall!”

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic—approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.We’vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincoln,theemancipatorandtheracist,thestoicphilosopher,theChristian,theatheist—LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What’softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializersfromacenturyago—and,throughthem,Lincolnhimself—haveleftusthehintofwheretofindhim.TheLincolnMemorialisthemostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe’veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

26.Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebration,isinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause().

27.Accordingthepassagewhatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentformthisyear’s?

28.Intheauthor’sopinion,thecounter-conference().

29.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople().

30.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen

B.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909

C.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled

D.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued

問題2選項

A.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

問題3選項

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars

B.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions

D.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective

問題4選項

A.revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes

B.showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln

C.reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship

D.conformstotraditionalimages

問題5選項

A.Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatman’sachievements.

B.Lincoln’sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

C.EachgenerationhasitsowninterpretationofLincoln.

D.PeoplegettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】26、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“inadequateandevenhalfhearted”定位到本文第二段,可知本段是指今年的慶祝是不夠的,甚至有點三心二意。再根據(jù)第三段主要講述為什么今年的慶祝是不夠的,由第三段第一句話“Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909”(將今年的慶?;顒优c1909年的林肯誕生100周年進行比較),然后本段主要介紹了1909年的慶祝活動的盛大,所以可知今年的慶祝不夠是因為與1909年相比,是遠遠不夠的,因此B選項符合題意;A選項沒有原文依據(jù);C、D選項都是今年慶祝活動沒有,而1909年有的具體表現(xiàn),所以排除。因此B選項正確。

27、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由26題也可知今年與1909年的慶?;顒硬煌氖菓c祝的種類與規(guī)模,即本文的第三段介紹了有哪些不同,因此B選項符合題意。A選項“為紀念林肯而建造的建筑物”是屬于慶祝的規(guī)模與范疇的;C選項說法錯誤,即使是今天,人們也無法用語言描述出林肯的偉大;D選項沒有原文依據(jù)。因此B選項正確。

28、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“counter-conference”定位到第八段最后一句“Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—byhisadmirers,remember—as‘nonjudgmental,’‘unmoralistic,’‘comfortablewithambiguity’”(這位目睹了我們歷史上最野蠻的戰(zhàn)爭的人,被他的崇拜者描述為——請記住——“不偏不倚”“不講道德”“喜歡模棱兩可”)可知反會議上學(xué)者為林肯做的畫像,傳遞出關(guān)于林肯負面的內(nèi)容,即導(dǎo)致了對林肯類似的貶低的言論,所以B選項與其相對應(yīng)。A、C、D選項均說法錯誤,與B選項意義相反,所以排除。因此B選項正確。

29、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“imageofLincoln”可定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第一句話“ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage”,后面是一些作家對林肯的形象的制造,總之是很混亂的,包括幽默家、解放者等,所以林肯的形象揭示了當前對英雄的各種不同看法,因此A選項說法正確。B、C、D選項沒有原文依據(jù)。

30、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】總結(jié)歸納題。由題干定位到本文的最后一段。由最后一段最后一句話“HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus”(這就是林肯,他可以不斷地被更新,在他出生200年后,他仍然保留著更新我們的權(quán)力)可知人們對林肯的形象有不同的解釋與更新,但是盡管時間流逝,林肯的偉大仍然存在,最后一段主要強調(diào)林肯的偉大不會消失且一直在影響著人們。最后一段沒有提到紀念碑的內(nèi)容,A選項排除;C選項體現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段,題干問的是最后一段;D選項沒有原文依據(jù),所以排除。因此B選項正確。

5.翻譯題

Directions:Translatethefollowing5underlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.(1)Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.(2)Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesfortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymayco-operatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.

(3)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,(4)intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.(5)Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.

【答案】(1)在現(xiàn)代條件下,這需要各種集中控制的措施,因此需要諸如經(jīng)濟學(xué)家和運籌學(xué)專家等專業(yè)科學(xué)家的幫助。

(2)此外,顯而易見,一個國家的經(jīng)濟實力與其農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)的效率直接相關(guān),而這又取決于各種科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員的努力。

(3)由于大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展,世界各地的人們都有了新的需求,接觸到新的習俗和思想,由于上述原因,政府常常不得不引入進一步的創(chuàng)新。

(4)在早期實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中,其工業(yè)化進程以及隨之而來的各種意義深遠的社會形態(tài)變化持續(xù)了近一個世紀,而如今一個發(fā)展中國家可以在十年左右完成同樣的進程。

(5)由于人口激增或大規(guī)模人口遷移(現(xiàn)代交通工具使人口大規(guī)模遷移變得相對容易)引發(fā)的種種問題也會對社會造成新的壓力。

6.單選題

IfI______forajob,I______theadvertisementcolumnseverymorning.

問題1選項

A.waslooking...hadread

B.werelooking...couldread

C.looked…shouldhadread

D.werelooking...wouldread

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句子中的關(guān)鍵詞everymorning“每天早上”可知,本句考查的是對現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè),if從句中動詞用一般過去時,be動詞用were,主句謂語動詞為should/would/could+動詞原形,所以A、C兩項可以排除;根據(jù)語境可知,情態(tài)動詞選擇would最符合句意。句意:如果我在找工作,我會每天早上看廣告欄。因此,該題選擇D項正確。

7.單選題

Withitscommoninterestinlaw-breakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofcrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedthemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermysterywithitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.WiththeguiltofescapismfromRealLifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,who,sufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas______.

2.Thetextsuggeststhatintellectualswritedetectivestoriesbecause______.

3.Whatfeatureofthedetectivestoryissaidtodisqualifyitfromrespectfulconsiderationbyintellectualcritics?

4.Oneofthemostincrediblecharacteristicsoftheheroofathrilleris______.

5.Inwhatwayarethedetectivestoryandthrillerunlike?

問題1選項

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewayslothehistoricalnovel

D.anindependentdevelopmentofthenovel

問題2選項

A.thestoriesareofteninfactveryinstructive

B.theyenjoywritingthesestories

C.thecreationofthesestoriesdemandsconsiderableintelligence

D.detectivestoriesareanacceptedbranchofliterature

問題3選項

A.Themanyseemingimpossibleevents.

B.Thefactthattheguiltyarealwaysfoundoutandtheinnocentcleared.

C.Theexistenceofaneatclosely-knitstory.

D.Thelackofinterestingenuinecharacterrevelations.

問題4選項

A.hisexcitinglife

B.hisamazingtoughness

C.hisabilitytoescapefromdangeroussituations

D.thewayhedealswithhisenemies

問題5選項

A.Inintroducingviolence.

B.Inprovidingexcitementandsuspense.

C.Inappealingtotheintellectualcuriosityofthereader.

D.Inensuringthateverythingcomesrightintheend.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas______.1.犯罪小說被認為______。

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovelA.傳統(tǒng)小說的一種不是很體面的形式

B.notatruenovelatallB.根本不是一部真正的小說

C.relatedinsomewayslothehistoricalnovelC.某些方面與歷史小說是相通的

D.anindependentdevelopmentofthenovelD.小說的一個獨立發(fā)展

【答案】D

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“……犯罪小說可以合法地宣稱它是文學(xué)的一個獨立分支,或者至少是傳統(tǒng)小說的一個獨特的分支,盡管這個分支有點名聲不太好”可知,犯罪小說被認為是文學(xué)或者傳統(tǒng)小說的一個獨特分支,也就是說它是小說的一個獨立發(fā)展,因此D項“小說的一個獨立發(fā)展”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“傳統(tǒng)小說的一種不是很體面的形式”根據(jù)解題思路可知,犯罪小說只是傳統(tǒng)小說的一個獨特分支,而不是它的一種形式,該項屬于曲解原文;

B項“根本不是一部真正的小說”,根據(jù)解題思路可知犯罪小說是傳統(tǒng)小說的一個獨特的分支,犯罪小說是一種小說,該項屬于反向干擾;

C項“某些方面與歷史小說是相通的”沒有提到,屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Thetextsuggeststhatintellectualswritedetectivestoriesbecause______.2.文章認為知識分子寫偵探小說是因為______。

A.thestoriesareofteninfactveryinstructiveA.這些故事實際上往往很有教育意義

B.theyenjoywritingthesestoriesB.他們喜歡寫這些故事

C.thecreationofthesestoriesdemandsconsiderableintelligenceC.創(chuàng)作這些故事需要相當大的智慧

D.detectivestoriesareanacceptedbranchofliteratureD.偵探小說是公認的文學(xué)分支

【答案】B

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“它的創(chuàng)作往往是大學(xué)教師、文學(xué)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家、科學(xué)家甚至詩人消遣時創(chuàng)作出來的”可推測,知識分子寫偵探小說是因為他們喜歡寫這些故事。因此B選項“他們喜歡寫這些故事”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“這些故事實際上往往很有教育意義”、C項“創(chuàng)作這些故事需要相當大的智慧”和D項“偵探小說是公認的文學(xué)分支”在文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Whatfeatureofthedetectivestoryissaidtodisqualifyitfromrespectfulconsiderationbyintellectualcritics?3.偵探小說的什么特點使它不受知識分子評論家的尊重?

A.Themanyseemingimpossibleevents.A.許多看似不可能的事件。

B.Thefactthattheguiltyarealwaysfoundoutandtheinnocentcleared.B.有罪的人總能被發(fā)現(xiàn),清白的人總能洗脫罪名。

C.Theexistenceofaneatclosely-knitstory.C.存在著一個簡潔而緊密的故事。

D.Thelackofinterestingenuinecharacterrevelations.D.對真實性格的揭露缺乏興趣。

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第六句“精心設(shè)計的情節(jié),藐視現(xiàn)代的知識批評家和重要小說的創(chuàng)造者(despisedthemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels)……”可以看出,偵探小說不受知識分子評論家的尊重是因為它緊密的情節(jié)設(shè)置藐視了現(xiàn)代知識分子批評家和偉大小說的創(chuàng)作者,所以C項“存在著一個簡潔而緊密的故事”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“許多看似不可能的事件”、B項“有罪的人總能被發(fā)現(xiàn),清白的人總能洗脫罪名”屬于偵探小說里面的情節(jié),應(yīng)該是C項里的內(nèi)容,所以這兩項以偏概全;

D項“對真實性格的揭露缺乏興趣”沒有提到,無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

4.Oneofthemostincrediblecharacteristicsoftheheroofathrilleris______.4.驚悚小說主人公最令人難以置信的特點之一是______。

A.hisexcitinglifeA.他驚險刺激的生活

B.hisamazingtoughnessB.他驚人的韌性

C.hisabilitytoescapefromdangeroussituationsC.他逃離危險處境的能力

D.thewayhedealswithhisenemiesD.他對付敵人的方式

【答案】B

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thriller和hero定位到原文第三段,由原文第三段第二句“……遭受至少斷了兩根肋骨,眼睛被打黑一只,無數(shù)的瘀傷和宿醉的英雄,仍然可以追逐和壓制帶有武器的且擁有摔跤手體格的惡棍”可知,即使主人公經(jīng)歷了種種磨難,依然能戰(zhàn)勝帶有武器的惡棍。由此可知,B選項“他驚人的韌性”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“他驚險刺激的生活”沒有提到,無中生有;

C項“逃離危險處境的能力”和D項“他對付敵人的方式”都不屬于主人公最不可思議的特征,屬于張冠李戴。

5.【選項釋義】

5.Inwhatwayarethedetectivestoryandthrillerunlike?5.偵探小說和驚悚小說在哪些方面不同?

A.Inintroducingviolence.A.在介紹暴力方面。

B.Inprovidingexcitementandsuspense.B.在提供刺激和懸念方面。

C.Inappealingtotheintellectualcuriosityofthereader.C.在滿足讀者的求知欲方面。

D.Inensuringthateverythingcomesrightintheend.D.在確保結(jié)局一切順利方面。

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由第二段第五六句“故事的背景設(shè)置在更偏遠的環(huán)境,非洲叢林,澳大利亞叢林,古代中國或煤氣燈照亮的倫敦,吸引了我們對地理或歷史的興趣,大多數(shù)偵探小說作家都會盡職盡責地提供合理的真實背景。精心設(shè)計的情節(jié),藐視了現(xiàn)代的知識批評家和重要小說的創(chuàng)造者,在謀殺之謎中找到了避難所,它的線索是零星的,且顯然看起來是不可能的,所有這些在最后都有適當?shù)慕鉀Q方案和解釋?!笨芍瑐商叫≌f的發(fā)生場景是我們熟悉的,任務(wù)形象也和我們身邊的人一樣,故事發(fā)生的背景設(shè)置也盡可能合理真實,吸引我們對地理或者歷史的興趣,所有的內(nèi)容都有適當?shù)拇鸢负妥詈蟮慕忉?;而根?jù)最后一段第三四句“與偵探故事不同的是,他在一個幾乎無所不知的頭號罪犯的世界里危險地移動,這個世界充斥著無情的幫派、殘暴、對權(quán)力和金錢的貪婪,他的失敗幾乎是偶然的。在這部驚悚片中,我們或許錯過了那種安全感:在鎮(zhèn)定的調(diào)查員的帶領(lǐng)下,我們安全地走過了一堆轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的事情,走過了一條盲目的道路,最終聚集了一群嫌疑人,然后對所有困擾我們的事情進行了毫無疑問的解釋,正義和善良占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)。”可知,驚悚小說的主人公幾乎是無所不知,戰(zhàn)無不勝的,他可以通過一系列途徑,最終到達犯罪嫌疑人聚集的地方,正義和善良戰(zhàn)勝了一切,讀者所期望的一切都得到了滿足。綜上所述可以判斷,偵探小說和驚悚小說吸引讀者去閱讀的方式是不一樣的,所以C選項“在滿足讀者的求知欲方面”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“在介紹暴力方面”,偵探小說并沒有介紹暴力,所以無從比較,該項屬于無中生有;

B項“在提供刺激和懸念方面”中的“刺激”在偵探小說中沒有體現(xiàn),屬于曲解原文;

D項“在確保結(jié)局一切順利方面”由解題思路可知,偵探小說和驚悚小說在確保結(jié)局順利方面,都是使讀者所期望的一切都得到了滿足,所以該項屬于曲解原文。

8.單選題

Thereareseveral______betweentheoriginalestimatesofthecostandtheactualbills.

問題1選項

A.exaggerations

B.discrepancies

C.breakthroughs

D.compliances

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項exaggeration“夸張;夸大之詞;夸張的手法”;B選項discrepancy“不符;矛盾;相差”;C選項breakthrough“突破;突破性進展”;D選項compliance“順從,服從;符合;屈從;可塑性”。句意:費用的原始估計和實際賬單之間有幾處不一致。因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto()theproblem.

問題1選項

A.relate

B.tackle

C.file

D.attach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項relate“涉及”;B選項tackle“應(yīng)付,處理”;C選項file“提出”;D選項attach“附加”。句意:盡管許多專家同意越來越多的兒童超重,但對于解決這個問題的最佳方法仍存在爭論。選項B符合語境。

10.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat(

).

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave(

).

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill(

).

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

問題2選項

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

問題3選項

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

問題4選項

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

問題5選項

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.現(xiàn)在,一份解雇通知書、一個糟糕的診斷,或者配偶的消失,都可能在幾個月內(nèi)把一個穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級家庭變成一個新的貧困家庭。”由此可知C選項“他們更容易受家庭經(jīng)濟

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