書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東北電力大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheNo.1domestic___ofthegovernmentistocleanuptheenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commission

B.committee

C.committence

D.commitment

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)commission“委員會(huì)；傭金；服務(wù)費(fèi)；犯；委任；委任狀”；B選項(xiàng)committee“委員會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)committence“錯(cuò)誤單詞”；D選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證；委托；承擔(dān)義務(wù)；獻(xiàn)身；花費(fèi)金錢、時(shí)間、人力等”。句意：政府的首要國(guó)內(nèi)___是清理環(huán)境。本句表達(dá)“首要國(guó)內(nèi)承諾”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Galileoabstainedfromdiscussingtheforcethatcausesaccelerationwhenanobjectfallstowardstheearth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolvedfrom

B.protectedfrom

C.refrainedfrom

D.derivedfrom

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)evolvedfrom“進(jìn)化”；B選項(xiàng)protectedfrom“保護(hù)”；C選項(xiàng)refrainedfrom“避免”；D選項(xiàng)derivedfrom“衍生”。句意：伽利略沒有討論物體落向地球時(shí)引起加速度的力。劃線部分abstainedfrom是回避的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

_____makesmendifferentfromtheotheranimalsisthattheycanthinkandspeak.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.That

B.Thething

C.All

D.What

【答案】D

【解析】考查主語從句。題干中what從句是整個(gè)句子的主語，故后面的動(dòng)詞為is。B項(xiàng)all和C項(xiàng)thethings少了作主語的關(guān)系代詞（that），在定語從句中，做主語的關(guān)系代詞是不能省略的，只有作賓語的關(guān)系代詞能省略，所以B，C兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

4.單選題

ThewordeuthanasiaisofGreekoriginandliterallymeans“agooddeath."TheAmericanHeritageDictionarydefinesitas"theactofkillingapersonpainlesslyforreasonsofmercy."Suchkillingcanbedonethroughactivemeans,suchasadministeringalethalinjection,orbypassivemeans,suchaswithholdingmedicalcareorfoodandwater.

InrecentyearsintheUnitedStates,therehavebeennumerouscasesofactiveeuthanasiainthenews.Theyusuallyinvolvethedeliberatekillingofillorincapacitatedpersonsbyrelativesorfriendswhopleadthattheycannolongerbeartoseetheirlovedonessuffer.Althoughsuchkillingsareacrime,theperpetratorsareoftendealtwithlenientlybyourlegalsystem,andthemediausuallyportraysthemascompassionateheroeswhotakepersonalriskstosaveanotherfromunbearablesuffering.

Theseemingacceptanceofactiveformsofeuthanasiaisalarming,butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.

Whileitisillegaltokillsomeonedirectly,forexamplewithagunorknife,inmanycasesthelawhasputitsstampofapprovaloncausingdeathbyomittingneededcare.Further,manystateshave“l(fā)ivingwill"lawsdesignedtoprotectthosewhowithholdtreatment,andtherehavebeennumerouscourtrulingswhichhaveapprovedofpatientsbeingdeniedcareandevenstarvedanddehydratedtodeath.

Becausesuchdeathsoccurquietlywithintheconfinesofhospitalsandnursinghomes,theycanbekepthiddenfromthepublic.Mosteuthanasiavictimsareoldorveryill,sotheirdeathsmightbeattributedtoacauseotherthanthedenialofcarethatreallykilledthem.Further,itisoftenrelativesofthepatientwhorequestthatcarebewithheld.Inonecourtcase,thecourtheldthatdecisionstowithholdlife-sustainingcaremaybemadenotonlybyclosefamilymembersbutalsobyanumberofthirdparties,andthatsuchdecisionsneednotbereviewedbythejudicialsystemifthereisnodisagreementbetweendecisionmakersandmedicalstaff.Thecourtwentsofarastorulethatanursinghomemaynotrefusetoparticipateinthefatalwithdrawaloffoodandwaterfromanincompetentpatient!

"Extraordinary"or“heroic"treatmentneednotbeusedwhenthechanceforrecoveryispoorandmedicalinterventionwouldserveonlytoprolongthedyingprocess.Buttodenycustomaryandreasonablecareortodeliberatelystarveordehydratesomeonebecauseheorsheisveryoldorveryillshouldnotbepermitted.Mostofthecasescomingbeforethecourtsdonotinvolvewithholdingheroicmeasuresfromimminentlydyingpeople,butrathertheyseekapprovalfordenyingbasiccare,suchasadministrationoffoodandwater,topeoplewhoarenotelderlyorterminallyill,butwhoarepermanentlyincapacitated.Thesepeoplecouldbeexpectedtoliveindefinitely,thoughinanimpairedstate,iftheyweregivenfoodandwaterandminimaltreatment.

Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.Ifwebasetherighttolifeonqualityoflifestandards,thereisnologicalplacetodrawtheline.

Toprotectvulnerablepatients,wemustfostermorepositiveattitudestowardspeoplewithseriousandincapacitatingillnessesandconditions.Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.Wemustalsoenactpositivelegislationthatwillprotectvulnerablepeoplefromthosewhoconsidertheirlivesmeaninglessortoocostlytomaintainandwhowouldcausetheirdeathsbywithholdinglife-sustainingcaresuchasfoodandwater.

1.Thetoneoftheauthorcanbestbedescribedas（

）.

2.Inparagraph3,theauthorfindsstarvationanddehydrationinducedeuthanasiaistobe"moreinsidious"because

（

）.

3.Asusedinparagraph3,whatisthebestsynonymforinsidious?

4.Theauthormaintainsthatdeathbywithholdingcareis

（

）.

5.Asusedinparagraph7,whichisthebestdefinitionofabridged?

6.Themainideaofparagraph7isthat

（

）.

7.Inthefinalparagraphtheauthorwrites,"Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestill

ourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect."Themainpurposeofthisstatementisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleading

B.argumentative

C.compassionate

D.emphatic

E.mpathetic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.euthanasiaislegallyconsideredtobeacriminalact

B.thepublic'sattitudetowardeuthanasiaisbecomingmorepositive

C.itofteninvolvesthosewhocannotprotest

D.thepatienthasaskedtodiewithdignity

E.itsperpetratorsareviewedaskindlycaregivers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mischievous

B.treacherous

C.seductive

D.apparent

E.cumulative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.largelyconfinedtohospitals

B.largelyconfinedtotheterminallyill

C.oftenrequestedbyfamilymembers

D.approvedbylivingwills

E.difficulttoproveifprosecuted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.trimmed

B.curtailed

C.lengthened

D.extended

E.compressed

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.lawyerswillbeunabletoprosecuteordefendcaregivers

B.nocomprehensiverightorwrongdefinitionofeuthanasiawillexist

C.usingasubjectivestandardwillmakethedecisiontoendanindividual'slifearbitrary

D.noboundarywillexistbetweeneuthanasiaandcareomission

E.‘qualityoflife’willnolongerbeabletoberigidlydefined

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.proveapreviousargument

B.illustrateanexample

C.gainsayalaterstatement

D.objecttoalargeridea

E.justifyanearlierstatement

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.”盡管他們的疾病肆虐，但他們?nèi)匀皇俏覀兊耐?，值得我們的關(guān)心和尊重，可知作者的語氣是同情的，因此C選項(xiàng)“有同情心的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“懇求的”；B選項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)論的”；D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)的”；E選項(xiàng)“同感的”。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.”每年，在全國(guó)各地的醫(yī)院和療養(yǎng)院里，有越來越多的記錄在案的死亡案例是由于護(hù)理人員拒絕給予不能為自己說話的病人提供包括食物和水在內(nèi)的生命維持護(hù)理?？芍靼刚邽樽o(hù)理人員，因此A選項(xiàng)“它的作案者被視為仁慈的照顧者”符合題意。

3.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.”可知這些病人的不是自愿選擇安樂死的，而是由護(hù)理人員有意為之的。因此A選項(xiàng)“惡意的”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“騙人的”；C選項(xiàng)“誘惑的，引誘的”；D選項(xiàng)“表面的，可看得到的”E選項(xiàng)“累積的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段中“Extraordinary"or“heroic"treatmentneednotbeusedwhenthechanceforrecoveryispoorandmedicalinterventionwouldserveonlytoprolongthedyingprocess.Buttodenycustomaryandreasonablecareortodeliberatelystarveordehydratesomeonebecauseheorsheisveryoldorveryillshouldnotbepermitted.”當(dāng)恢復(fù)的可能性很小，且醫(yī)療干預(yù)只會(huì)延長(zhǎng)垂死的過程時(shí)，就不需要使用“特殊的”或“英勇的”的治療。但因他或她很老或病得嚴(yán)重而拒絕給予慣常、合理的照顧或故意使其饑餓或脫水卻不應(yīng)該被允許，可知B選項(xiàng)“很大程度上僅限于絕癥患者”與作者的主張相符。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第七段中“Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.”沒有人有權(quán)力去斷定另一個(gè)人的生命是否值得繼續(xù)，基本生存權(quán)不應(yīng)該被……因?yàn)橛腥苏J(rèn)為別人的生活質(zhì)量太低了?？芍癮bridge”與生命結(jié)束有關(guān)，因此B選項(xiàng)“被縮短”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“被修剪，被整理”；C選項(xiàng)“被加長(zhǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)“被延長(zhǎng)”；E選項(xiàng)“被壓縮”。

6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第七段中“Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.”可知每個(gè)人的基本生存權(quán)不能由別人認(rèn)為其生活質(zhì)量太低而被縮短，因此C選項(xiàng)“使用一個(gè)主觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將讓結(jié)束一個(gè)人的生命的決定變得武斷”符合題意”。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Theseemingacceptanceofactiveformsofeuthanasiaisalarming,butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.”人們對(duì)主動(dòng)形式的安樂死的贊同看起來令人驚訝，但我們面臨著來自被動(dòng)形式安樂死的更大、更隱蔽的威脅，和最后一段中“Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.”盡管他們的疾病肆虐，但他們?nèi)匀皇俏覀兊耐?，值得我們的關(guān)心和尊重?？芍髡叻磳?duì)這種被人們接受的觀點(diǎn)，因此D選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)一種廣泛的觀點(diǎn)”符合題意。

5.單選題

1.Gettingtoolittlesleepforseveralnightsinarowdisruptshundredsofgenesthatareessentialforgoodhealth,includingthoselinkedtostressandfightingdisease.Testsonpeoplewhosleptlessthansixhoursanightforaweekrevealedsubstantialchangesintheactivityofgenesthatgoverntheimmunesystem,metabolism,sleepandwakecycles,andthebody’sresponsetostress,suggestingthatpoorsleepcouldhaveabroadimpactonlong?termwellbeing.

2.Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,mayshedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.’’Thesurpriseforuswasthatarelativelymodestdifferenceinsleepdurationleadstothesekindsofchanges,"saidProfessorDijk,directoroftheSurreySleepResearchCentreatSurreyUniversity,wholedthestudy.“It’sanindicationthatsleepdisruptionorsleeprestrictionisdoingmorethanjustmakingpeopletired.”

3.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.InonesurveyofworkersinBritainmorethan5%claimedtosleepnomorethanfivehoursanight.AnothersurveypublishedintheUSin2010foundthatnearly30%ofpeopleclaimedtosleepnomorethansixhoursanight.

4.ProfessorDijk’steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years,toliveunderlaboratoryconditionsatthesleepcentrefor12days.Eachvolunteervisitedthecentreontwoseparateoccasions.Duringonevisit,theyspent10hoursanightinbedforaweek.Intheother,theywereallowedonlysixhoursinbedanight.Attheendofeachweek,theywerekeptawakeforadayandnight,oraround39to41hours.UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight,whilethoselimitedtosixhoursinbedeachnightgotonaverage5hoursand42minutesofsleep.

5.Thetimespentasleephadahugeeffectontheactivityofgenes,pickedupfrombloodtestsonthevolunteers,accordingtoareportintheUSjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Amongthesleep-deprived,theactivityof444geneswassuppressed,while267genesweremoreactivethaninthosewhosleptforalongertime.

6.Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,whiledisruptionofothergenes,suchasthosethatgovernthebody’sinflammatoryresponse,mighthaveanimpactonheartdisease.Additionalgenesthatwereaffectedhavebeenlinkedtostressandaging.Sleeplossalsohadadramaticeffectongenesthatgovernthebody'sbiologicalclock,suggestingthatpoorsleepmighttriggeraviciouscycleofworseningsleepdisruption.Thetestsshowedthatpeoplewhosleptfor8.5hoursanighthadaround1,855geneswhoseactivityroseandfellovera24-hourcycle.Butinthesleep-deprived,nearly400ofthesestoppedcyclingcompletely.Theremainderroseandfellinkeepingwiththebiologicalclock,butoveramuchsmallerrange."Thereisafeedbacklinkbetweenwhatyoudotoyoursleepandhowthataffectsyourcircadianclock.Thatwillbeveryimportantinfutureinvestigations,”saidDijk.

7.Theresearchersdidnotcheckhowlongittookforgenestoreturntotheirnormallevelsofactivityinthesleep-deprivedvolunteers,buttheyhopetodosoinlaterstudies.Thoughscoresofgenesweredisruptedinthesleep-deprived,thescientistscannotsaywhetherthosechangesareaharmlessshorttermresponsetopoorsleep,asignofthebodyadaptingtosleep-deprivation,orarepotentiallyharmfultohealth.

8.JamesHome,professorofpsychophysiologyatLoughboroughUniversity’sSleepResearchCentre,said:"Thepotentialperilsof’sleepdebt’intoday'ssocietyandtheneedforeighthoursofsleepanightareoftenoverplayedandcancauseundueworry.Althoughthisimportantstudyseemstosupportthisconcern,theparticipantshadtheirsleepsuddenlyrestrictedtoanunusuallylowlevel,whichmusthavebeensomewhatstressfulWe

mustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep.Besides,sleepcanadapttosomechange,andshouldalsobejudgedonitsquality,notsimplyonitstotalamount.”

1.BasedonwhatisreportedintextA,Prof.Dijkseemstohavechosenthevolunteersforhissleepexperiments（

）.

2.TheresearchdescribedintextA（

）.

3.Theuseoftheverbtoclaiminparagraph3indicatesthattheresearchers（

）.

4.WhenthesleepresearcherswhoseworkisthefocusoftextAneededtofindouthowmuchsleeptheirhumanexperimentalsubjectsweregetting,they（

）.

5.AccordingtotextA,DrDijk'sresearchindicatesthatobesity（

）.

6.Prof.Home’sremarks(paragraph8)（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.primarilyfromamonguniversityundergraduateswithagreatdealoffreetime.

B.fromanagegroupinwhichphysicalgrowthhadendedandmajorundetectedhealthproblemswereunlikelytobepresent.

C.fromarandomassortmentofBritishpeople.

D.fromamongthepeoplemostlikelytosufferfrominterruptedsleeporothersleepingproblems.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usefullyconfirmstheworkofearlierresearchersbutofferslittlethatisnew.

B.offersbiologicalclarificationofresearchdoneearlier.

C.contradictstheresultsofearlierresearch.

D.ispioneeringworkofakindneverdonebefore.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aresurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

B.havenoreasonnottobelievethatthesleepdataarecorrect.

C.thinkthatthereislittlereasontoacceptthesleepdata.

D.cannotbeabsolutelysurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.usedtechnicalmeanstoworkouthowmuchthevolunteershadreallyslept.

B.watchedthesleepingvolunteersinthelabtoseehowlongtheyslept.

C.estimatedthefiguresbyaveragingsleepdataarrivedatbyvariousmeans.

D.reliedonstatementsmadebythevolunteersusedintheexperiments.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.isthedirectresultofgettingtoolittlesleep.

B.maybethedirectresultofnotgettingenoughsleep.

C.mayresultfromorbeworsenedbyalterationsinthegenesofpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.

D.cannotbeshowntohaveanyreasonabledirectorindirectconnectionwithsleepingpatterns.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.cautionreadersnottoconcludetoomuchfromProf.Dijk’sfindings

B.emphasizetheimportanceforallhumanbeingsofgetting8hoursofsleepnightly

C.warnthatdangerousstressistheinevitableresultofgettingtoolittlesleep

D.underlinetheimportanceandvalueofProf.Dijk'sresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干意思“基于文章A中的陳述，教授Dijk為自己的睡眠實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇的自愿者似乎…”定位至第四段“ProfessorDijk'steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years...教授Dijk的團(tuán)隊(duì)要求身體都健康且年齡介于23至31歲的14位男人和12位女人……”,由此可知知B項(xiàng)“來自身體發(fā)育已停止且不太可能有主要的未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的健康問題的年齡群體”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中“Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,may

shedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.這些對(duì)超過700個(gè)基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺過少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的生物學(xué)機(jī)制?！奔暗谌沃小癙reviousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.先前的研究顯示，每晚睡眠少于5小時(shí)的人相比睡好覺的同齡人死于各種原因的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了15%?！钡膶?duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系知B項(xiàng)“為早些時(shí)候的研究提供了生物學(xué)上的闡明”正確。

3.詞義題。claim本意指“要求；聲稱”及它在第三段的主語分別是“英國(guó)工人”和“在美國(guó)接受調(diào)研的人”,由此推測(cè)claim這個(gè)詞的使用表明研究者對(duì)睡眠對(duì)聲稱的睡眠數(shù)據(jù)不能確定，由此知D項(xiàng)“不能完全確定這些睡眠數(shù)據(jù)是精確的”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight，...(通過使用腦電圖傳感器，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)每晚睡覺十個(gè)小時(shí)的人每晚大約睡覺8.5個(gè)小時(shí)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“用技術(shù)方式去算出志愿者們真正睡眠時(shí)間是多久”正確。

5.C細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段的第一句指出:這些對(duì)超過700個(gè)基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺過少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的生物學(xué)機(jī)制。第六段:Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,...控制新陳代謝的基因發(fā)生的變化可能會(huì)引發(fā)或加劇如糖尿病或肥胖等情況……,可知c項(xiàng)“可能被睡覺很少的人的基因變化引起或惡化”正確。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第八段:Wemustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep(我們必須小心避免去推廣這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，如不能將這些發(fā)現(xiàn)推廣到習(xí)慣六小時(shí)睡眠而對(duì)自己睡眠滿意人身上),可知A項(xiàng)“告誡讀者不要從教授Dijk的發(fā)現(xiàn)上推斷太多”正確。

6.單選題

Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtext,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeinwhichtheeyesstop—thedurationofthefixation—variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovarieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.

Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreading,numerousexerciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstance,insomeexercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsomecentralpoint,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.

1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsexcept（）.

2.Theauthormaybelievethatreading（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext

B.one’spurposeinreading

C.thelengthofagroupofwords

D.lightingandtiredness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation

B.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly

C.demandsandeeply-participatingmind

D.demandsmoremindthaneyes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.

B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeorcomprehendwords.

C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading.

D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime.

B.Manyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining.

C.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading.

D.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.neutral

C.pessimistic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段后半部分的內(nèi)容“眼睛停留的時(shí)間，也就是注視持續(xù)的時(shí)間因人而異。每個(gè)人的閱讀目的和對(duì)文本的熟悉程度也不同。此外，它會(huì)受到諸如光照和疲勞等因素的影響?！庇纱丝芍?，只有選項(xiàng)C不是影響識(shí)別時(shí)間的因素。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二、三句“所有這些練習(xí)都很巧妙，但是提高一個(gè)人看單詞的能力是一回事，提高他有效閱讀課文的能力又是另一回事。閱讀需要理解單詞之間的關(guān)系。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)A和B是人們錯(cuò)誤地強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀純粹的視覺方面，設(shè)計(jì)了許多練習(xí)來訓(xùn)練眼睛在一次注視時(shí)能看到更多的單詞，所以均不是作者的觀點(diǎn)；作者認(rèn)為閱讀需要理解單詞之間的關(guān)系，也就是需要大腦深入?yún)⑴c到閱讀中來，所以選項(xiàng)C正確；選項(xiàng)D將大腦和眼睛進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，顯然在原文沒有信息提及。

3.判斷推理題。題干問的是：作者在第二段提到“提高一個(gè)人看單詞的能力是一回事，提高他有效閱讀課文的能力又是另一回事”是想表達(dá)什么？原文最后一句提及“…especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.特別是任何訓(xùn)練一個(gè)人閱讀單個(gè)單詞和短語的方法似乎不太可能幫助他閱讀連續(xù)的文本。”也就是說，上述的閱讀練習(xí)對(duì)于提高有效閱讀并沒有什么太大的幫助，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一句“…especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.特別是任何訓(xùn)練一個(gè)人閱讀單個(gè)單詞和短語的方法似乎不太可能幫助他閱讀連續(xù)的文本?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)D與原文表述不符。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者主要是反對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀純粹的視覺方面，也就是只用眼睛看而不用大腦思考，所以作者的態(tài)度是批判的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.翻譯題

中國(guó)作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，面臨著發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和保護(hù)環(huán)境的雙重任務(wù)。然而，我國(guó)人口眾多，資源相對(duì)不足，經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模越來越大，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與資源和環(huán)境之間的矛盾日益突出。環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重，生態(tài)狀況惡化、資源耗費(fèi)巨大、回收率低而導(dǎo)致環(huán)境破壞等問題，已成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持可持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸。

從國(guó)情出發(fā)，中國(guó)在全面推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程中，已將環(huán)境保護(hù)視為一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策，將實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展視為一項(xiàng)重要戰(zhàn)略，同時(shí)在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)開展污染防治工作和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)活動(dòng)，環(huán)境惡化的狀況基本得到了控制。實(shí)踐證明，我們協(xié)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)兩者之間關(guān)系的做法是行之有效的。人類發(fā)展只有合理地利用自然界，與自然界保持和諧關(guān)系，才能維持和發(fā)展人類所創(chuàng)造的文明，才能與自然界共生共榮、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。中國(guó)作為國(guó)際社會(huì)的成員，在努力保護(hù)自己環(huán)境的同時(shí)，還積極參與國(guó)際環(huán)保事務(wù)，促進(jìn)國(guó)際環(huán)保合作，并認(rèn)真履行國(guó)際義務(wù)。所有這些都充分表明了中國(guó)政府和人民保護(hù)全球環(huán)境的誠(chéng)意和決心。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Asadevelopingcountry,Chinaisconfrontedwiththedualtaskofdevelopingitseconomyandprotectingitsenvironment.However,acountrywithalargepopulation,relativeinsufficiencyofnaturalresourcesandanexpandingeconomy,Chinasuffersanincreasinglysignificantdisparitybetweeneconomicdevelopmentandnaturalresourcesandtheenvironment.Theseriousenvironmentalproblemcausedbyseverepollution,deterioratingecologicalconditions,hugeconsumptionofresourcesandlowreclamationhasalreadybecomeabottleneckforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheChineseeconomy.

Proceedingfromitsactualconditions,Chinahas,intheprocessofpromotingitsoverallmodernizationprogram,madeenvironmentalprotectiononeofitsbasicstatepolicies,regardedtherealizationofsustainedeconomicdevelopmentasanimportantstrategyandmeanwhile,carriedoutnationwidecampaignsforpollutionpreventionandtreatmentaswellasenvironmentandecologyconservation,theconditionsofenvironmentaldegradationhavebeencontrolledfundamentally.Practiceshowsthatourpracticeofcoordinatingtherelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectioniseffective.Onlyifmanmakesreasonableuseofnatureandkeepsaharmoniousrelationshipwithitintheprocessofdevelopmentcanthecivilizationcreatedbyhimbemaintainedanddeveloped,canhesharesubsistenceandglorywithnatureanddevelopwithnatureinacoordinatingway.Asamemberoftheinternationalcommunity,China,whilemakinggreateffortstoprotectitsownenvironment,hastakenanactivepartininternationalenvironmentalaffairs,striventopromoteinternationalcooperationinthefieldofenvironmentalprotection,andearnestlyfulfilleditsinternationalobligations.AllthosehavegivenfullexpressiontothesincerityanddeterminationoftheChinesegovernmentandpeopletoprotecttheglobalenvironment.

8.單選題

Chinatodayishometo1.3billionpeople——nearlyonequarteroftheworld’spopulation.ThegrowthofChina'spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines.ThedeathrateinChinahasdecreased,andmorechildrensurvive.ThehighersurvivalrateinChinameansthatmorepeopleareenteringchildbearingage.ThispopulationgrowthwasthreateningtodestroyChina’schancestobecomearichercountry:justprovidingfoodandbasicnecessitiesforeveryonewouldconsumeallofitseconomicgains.

Totametheexplosivepopulationgrowth,theChinesegovernmentlaunchedadrasticpolicyofallowingonechildperfamily.Toenforcethispolicy,thegovernmenthasavarietyofincentivesforthosewhocomplyandpunishmentforthosewhodonot.Forexample,coupleswhohaveonlyonechildgetamonthlypayuntilthechildisfourteen,specialconsiderationforscarcehousing,freemedicalcare,andextrapensionbenefits.Thepressuretoconformispowerful.Coupleswhoignorethestate’sdirectivesuffersocialdisgraceandeconomicpenalties.

Thefamily-planningpolicy,institutedinChinain1979,hasbeenremarkablyeffective(thoughconsiderablymoresoincitiesthaninthecountryside).Birthstowomanofchildbearingagehavefallendramaticallytoabout2.5childrenforeverywoman.

Chinamayeventuallysucceedinbalancingitspopulationgrowth,butindoingso,itiscreatinganewproblem.TheironyisthatbecauseoftheverysuccessofChina’spopulationpolicy,theChinesepopulationisagingrapidly.In1982,5%ofthepopulationwasoverage64.In2010,about9%willbeover64andin2050,25%willbe.Atthefamilylevel,childrenwithoutbrothersorsisterswilleachhavetocarefortwoagingparents.Atthenationallevel,thegreatnumbersofagingpeoplewilltaxthesociety’sresources.Chinastaresthisproblemarapidlyagingpopulationwithoutalargeenoughfollowinggenerationtosupportit——withmanyofthedevelopednationsoftheworld.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Chinaisinapopulationdilemmainthesensethat（）.

2.Topunishthosewhoviolatethefamily