書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-拉薩師范高等專科學校考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ajobdescriptionshouldgivedetailsoftheperformance______aspecificjob.

問題1選項

A.thatisrequiredfor

B.thatrequired

C.thatrequires

D.requiringfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。根據句子結構和句意，先行詞performance在定語從句中是require的邏輯賓語，是被要求具備的，要用被動語態；C、B、D均為主動語態；本句句意是：工作描述應詳細說明具體工作所需的表現。因此選A。

2.單選題

Thedamagetomycarwas（）intheaccident,butIhavealingeringfeareventoday.

問題1選項

A.insufficient

B.ambiguous

C.negligible

D.ignorance

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事故中，我的車損傷并不嚴重，但我至今仍然心有余悸。

考查形容詞辨析。insufficient不足的，不夠的；ambiguous含糊的，不確定的；negligible無足輕重的，微不足道的；ignorance無知，愚昧。But表轉折,后面句意為:我至今仍然心有余悸。因此可知C符合句意。

3.單選題

Inducedabortion,thefocusofthisarticle,hasbecomeoneofthemostintenseandpolarizingethicalandphilosophicalissuesofthelate20thcentury.

問題1選項

A.conflicting

B.penetrating

C.enlightening

D.irritating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。polarizing表示“兩極分化的”；A項conflicting“沖突的，相矛盾的”，B項penetrating“滲透的，尖銳的，有洞察力的”，C項enlightening“使人領悟的，有啟發作用的”，D項irritating“刺激的，氣人的，使憤怒的”。句意：人工流產，這篇文章的焦點，已經成為20世紀后期最激烈和最兩極分化的倫理和哲學問題。根據句意可知只有A選項意思與polarizing相似。因此，該題選A選項正確。

4.單選題

Idaresayheisnotyourtruefriend,becauseatruefriend______differentlywhenyouwereintrouble.

問題1選項

A.acted

B.hadacted

C.wouldact

D.wouldhaveacted

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法結構。句子中when引導條件狀語從句，表示虛擬語氣。根據從句中的謂語動詞were可判斷這是一個與過去事實相反的假設，那么空格處應該用過去將來完成時，故D項符合結構。句意：我敢說他不是你真正的朋友，因為一個真正的朋友會在你遇到困難時采取不同的行動。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

5.單選題

Whatyouhavesaidisaninstanceof______andrevealsanunfamiliaritywiththerealitiesoflife.

問題1選項

A.pedantry

B.assertion

C.intimidation

D.aspiration

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項pedantry“迂腐，賣弄學問”，B項assertion“斷言，聲明，主張”，C項intimidation“恐嚇，威脅”，D項aspiration“渴望，抱負”。根據關鍵信息revealsanunfamiliaritywiththerealitiesoflife“表現出對現實生活的不了解”可知選擇A項符合句意。句意：你所說的是賣弄學問的例子，說明你不熟悉現實生活。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

6.單選題

The“EchoHouse”willdemonstratehowwecanlivewithhighlyefficientinsulation,solarheating,energyefficient（

）andorganicgardening.

問題1選項

A.applicators

B.applications

C.applicants

D.appliances

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:綠色環保屋顯示我們是如何使用高效絕緣體、太陽能供暖、高效能源裝置和有機園藝。

applicator涂藥器；敷帖器。application應用；申請；應用程序。applicant申請人。appliance器具,器械,裝置。

7.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

41.Howcanhistorymakemenwise?Historyoftenrepeatsitselfasfarce—preciselywhatmaysoonplayoutinWashington.ASWorldWarIIwasdrawingtoaclose.Expertsfromtheworld’sleadingcountriesgatheredatBrettonWoods,NewHampshire,tocreateaglobaleconomicorder.TheyestablishedtheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFundandcalledforanewbodytosuperviseglobalcommercethateventuallybecomeknownastheInternationalTradeOrganization.WhenitbecametimefortheUnitedStatesCongresstoapprovetheITO,PresidentHarryTruman,preoccupiedwithaplanfortheUnitedStateshealth-carereform,failedtolobbyvigorouslyfortheITO.Protectioniststorpedoedtheproposal,andtheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade,orGATT,theloosetradeorganizationthathasgovernedworldcommercesincethen,wascobbledtogetherasaninterimreplacement.NowitisfortheClintonAdministrationtoapprovetheWTO.Shouldhistoryrepeatitselfthatcouldallcometonaught.Thesupremepurposeofhistoryisabetterworld.

【答案】歷史怎么能使人明智呢？歷史常常以鬧劇的形式重演——而華盛頓可能很快就會上演這樣的一幕。當第二次世界大戰接近尾聲時。來自世界主要國家的專家齊聚新罕布什爾州的布雷頓森林，以建立一個全球經濟秩序。他們建立了世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織，并呼吁成立一個新的機構來監督全球貿易，這個機構最終被稱為國際貿易組織。當美國國會批準國際貿易組織的時候，哈里?杜魯門總統全神貫注于美國的醫療改革計劃，未能積極游說國際貿易組織。貿易保護主義者破壞了這一提議，關稅及貿易總協定（簡稱GATT）——自那以后管理世界貿易的松散貿易組織——被拼湊起來作為臨時替代品。現在是克林頓政府批準世界貿易組織（簡稱WTO）的時候了。如果歷史重演，一切都將化為烏有。歷史的最大的使命是使世界更加美好。

8.單選題

Thedoctorsdon’t（

）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.

問題1選項

A.monitor

B.manifest

C.articulate

D.anticipate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。monitor“監督，監控”；manifest“顯示，表明”；articulate“發音”；anticipate“預期，預計”。句意：醫生預計患者不會活更長。選項D符合題意。

9.問答題

Atthesametime,however,someoftheseapplicationsthreatento(A)unleashforces(B)whichwehavenocontrol.Inotherwords,thenewtechnologyMannowbelievesthatallowshimtodominatethiswidercosmoscouldwellbeaFrankensteinmonsterwaitingto(C)turnonitsmaster.Thisisanentirelynewsituationthatpromisestochangemanyoftheperceptions(D)governinglifeontheplanet.

【答案】B；“which”前添加“over”。

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：然而，與此同時，有些應用可能釋放出我們無法控制的力量。換句話說，人們現在所相信的能讓他們統治這個廣闊宇宙的新技術很可能會變成一個等待著攻擊其主人的科學怪人。這是一個全新的局面，有望改變地球上許多關于生命掌控的概念。句中“which”引導定語從句修飾先行詞“forces”，因為定語從句的完整表達為“wehavenocontrolovertheforces”，所以關系代詞“which”前需添加介詞“over”共同引導定語從句，介詞“over”和先行詞“force”存在介賓關系。

10.單選題

Yourattitudeshouldbethatofanemployeewho’stheretotalkaboutanewproject,ratherthanthemoreobsequiousattitudeofacandidatewho’shopingtogetanoffer.

問題1選項

A.aggressive

B.servile

C.humble

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的，有進取心的，有闖勁的”；B選項servile“奴隸的，奴性的，卑屈的”；C選項humble“謙遜的，簡陋的，（級別或地位）低下的，不大的”；D選項confident“自信的，確信的”。句意：你的態度應該是作為一名正在談論新項目的員工，而不是一名希望得到工作機會的求職者的奉承態度。Obsequious“諂媚的，奉承的，順從的”，B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Asisthecaseinmanycultures,thedegreetowhichaminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.Immigrantswhowereliketheearliersettlerswereaccepted.ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.

Thiswasparticularlytrueoftheimmigrantswhoarrivedbythemillionsduringthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.Mostofthemcamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope.TheyspokelanguagesotherthanEnglish,andlargenumbersofthemwereCatholicsorJews.

Americansatthetimewereveryfearfulofthisnewfloodofimmigrants.TheywereafraidthatthesepeopleweresoaccustomedtolivesofpovertyanddependencethattheywouldnotunderstandsuchbasicAmericanvaluesasfreedom,self-relianceandcompetition.Thereweresomanynewimmigrantsthattheymightevenchangethebasicvaluesofthenationinundesirableways.

AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.Theimmigrants,however,oftenfeltthattheirAmericanteachersdisapprovedofthetraditionsoftheirhomeland.Moreover,learningaboutAmericanvaluesgavethemlittlehelpinmeetingtheirmostimportantneedssuchasemployment,food,andaplacetolive.

Farmorehelpfultothenewimmigrantswerethe"politicalbosses"ofthelargercitiesofthenortheasternUnitedStates,wheremostoftheimmigrantsfirstarrived.Thosebossessawtoomanyofthepracticalneedsoftheimmigrantsandweremoreacceptingofthedifferenthomelandtraditions.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.

Inspiteofthis,manyscholarsbelievethatthepoliticalbossesperformedanimportantfunctioninthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.TheyhelpedtoassimilatelargenumbersofdisadvantagedwhiteimmigrantsintothelargerAmericanculture.ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.Asaresultofthesenewopportunitiesandnewrewards,immigrantscametoacceptmostofthevaluesofthelargerAmericancultureandwereacceptedbythegreatmajorityofAmericans.Forwhiteethnicgroups,therefore,itisgenerallytruethattheirfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture,thatis,"American"ismuchstrongerthantheirfeelingofbelongingtoaseparateethnicgroup—Irish,Italian,Polish,etc.

1.Aminoritygroup'sacceptancetothecountrywasdeterminedby（）.

2.Theimmigrants'flushinginwasconsideredathreattoAmericanvaluemainlybecause（）.

3."Citizenshipclasses"(Para.4)wereofferedbecauseAmericans（）.

4.Thepoliticalbosseshelpedthenewimmigrantsforthemainpurposeof（）.

5.Thelivingstandardsofthenewimmigrantswereimprovedinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesmainlybecause（）.

問題1選項

A.thedifferencetheyshowedfromthemajority

B.thetimewhentheyarrivedatthenewland

C.thebackgroundconditionstheycamefrom

D.thereligionsgrouptowhichtheybelonged

問題2選項

A.theimmigrantscamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope

B.theimmigrantshadbeenaccustomedtopovertyanddependence

C.theimmigrantshaddifferenthomelandtraditionsandotherparticularcharacteristics

D.theimmigrantsdidnotspeakEnglish

問題3選項

A.wantedtohelptheimmigrantstosolvetheirpracticalneeds

B.wouldnotacceptanygroupswithdifferenttraditions

C.wantedtheimmigrantstodealwiththethreattotheAmericanvalues

D.wantedtheimmigrantstolearnaboutandtokeeptheAmericanvalues

問題4選項

A.showingofftheirpoliticalpowersandadvantages

B.gettingsupportinelections

C.assimilatingtheminorityintothemajority

D.showingtheirgenerosity

問題5選項

A.theykeptthepoliticalbossesinpower

B.thepoliticalbossesgavethemalotofpracticalhelp

C.theyhadamuchstrongerfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture

D.therewasarapidgrowthinAmericaneconomyatthattime

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據第一段的第一句“...aminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.”少數群體因其不同于占主導地位的多數群體的特征的程度決定了該群體被接受的程度。選項A符合原文。

2.根據第一段的最后一句“ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.”大量具有明顯不同特征的移民往往被視為對美國基本價值觀和美國生活方式的威脅。選項C正確。

3.根據第四段的第一句“AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.”為移民提供公民課程是因為美國希望移民們了解并保持美國的價值觀。選項D符合原文。

4.根據第五段的最后一句“Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.”作為對他們幫助的回報，政治領袖們希望移民們在選舉中投票支持他們，從而使他們繼續掌權。所以選項B正確。

5.根據第六段的第三句“ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.”20世紀的移民生活水平提高主要原因還是美國經濟的快速發展，所以選項D正確。

12.單選題

MaryBarton,particularlyinitsearlychapters,isamovingresponsetothesufferingofthe

industrialworkerintheEnglandofthe1840’s.Whatismostimpressiveaboutthebookistheintenseandpainstakingeffortmadebytheauthor,ElizabethGaskell,toconveytheexperienceofeverydaylifeinworking-classhomes.Hermethodispartlydocumentaryinnature:thenovelincludessuchfeaturesasacarefullyannotatedreproductionofdialect,theexactdetailsoffoodpricesinanaccountofateaparty,anitemizeddescriptionofthefurnitureoftheBartons’livingroom,andatranscription(againannotatedoftheballad“TheOldhamWeaver.”Theinterestofthisrecordisconsiderable,eventhoughthemethodhasaslightlydistancingeffect.

Asamemberofthemiddleclass,Gaskellcouldhardlyhelpapproachingworking-classlifeasanoutsideobserverandareporter,andthereaderofthenovelisalwaysconsciousofthisfact.Butthereisgenuineimaginativere-creationinheraccountsofthewalkinGreenHeysFields,ofteaattheBartons’house,andofJohnBartonandhisfriend’sdiscoveryofthestarvingfamilyinthecellarinthechapter“PovertyandDeath.”Indeed,forasimilarlyconvincingre-creationofsuchfamiliesemotionsandresponses(whicharemorecrucialthanthematerialdetailsonwhichthemerereporterisapttoconcentrate),theEnglishnovelhadtowait60yearsfortheearlywritingofD.H.Lawrence.IfGaskellneverquiteconveysthesenseoffullparticipationthatwouldcompletelyauthenticatethisaspectofMaryBarton,shestillbringstothesescenesanintuitiverecognitionoffeelingsthathasitsownsufficientconviction.

Thechapter“OldAlice’sHistory”brilliantlydramatizesthesituationofthatearlygenerationofworkersbroughtfromthevillagesandthecountrysidetotheurbanindustrialcenters.TheaccountofJobLegh,theweaverandnaturalistwhoisdevotedtothestudyofbiology,vividlyembodiesonekindofresponsetoanurbanindustrialenvironment:anaffinityforlivingthingsthathardens,byitsverycontrastwithitsenvironment,intoakindofcrankiness.Theearlychapters-aboutfactoryworkerswalkingoutinspringintoGreenHeysFields;aboutAliceWilson,rememberinginhercellarthetwig-gatheringforbroomsinthenativevillagethatshewillneveragainsee;aboutJobLgh,intentonhisimpaledinsects-capturethecharacteristicresponsesofagenerationtothenewandcrushingexperienceofindustrialism.Theotherearlychapterseloquentlyportraythedevelopmentoftheinstinctivecooperationwitheachotherthatwasalreadybecominganimportanttraditionamongworkers.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardGaskell’suseofthemethodofdocumentaryrecordinMaryBarton?Accordingtothepassage,MaryBartonandtheearlynovelsofD.HLawrencesharewhichofthefollowing?

2.WhichofthefollowingismostcloselyanalogoustoJobLeghinMaryBarton,asthatcharacterisdescribedinthepassage?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromexamplesgiveninthelastparagraphofthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwaspartof“thenewandcrushingexperienceofindusfrialism”(lines33-34)formany4.membersoftheEnglishworkingclassinthenineteenthcentury?

5.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatMaryBartonmighthavebeenanevenbetternovelifGaskellhad（

）.

6.Whichofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedforthephrase‘"thisaspectofMaryBarton"inline20-21withoutchangingthemeaningofthepassageasawhole?

7.TheauthorofthepassagedescribesMaryBartonaseachofthefollowingEXCEPT

問題1選項

A.Uncriticalenthusiasm

B.Unresolvedambivalence

C.Qualifiedapproval

D.Resignedacceptance

問題2選項

A.Depictionofthefeelingsofworking-classfamilies.

B.Documentaryobjectivityaboutworking-classcircumstances.

C.Richlydetaileddescriptionofworking-classadjustmenttourbanlife.

D.Imaginativelystructuredplotsaboutworking-classcharacters.

問題3選項

A.Anentomologistwhocollectedbutterfliesasachild

B.Asmall-townattorneywhosehobbyisnaturephotography.

C.Ayoungmanwholeavershisfamily’sdairyfarmtostarthisownbusiness.

D.Acitydwellerwhoraisesexoticplantsontheroofofhisapartmentbuilding.

問題4選項

A.Extortionatefoodprices

B.Geographicaldisplacement

C.Hazardousworkingconditions

D.Alienationfromfellowworkers

問題5選項

A.concentratedontheemotionsofasinglecharacter

B.madenoattempttore-createexperiencesofwhichshehadnofirsthandknowledge.

C.madenoattempttoreproduceworking-classdialects.

D.managedtotranscendherpositionasanoutsider.

問題6選項

A.theportrayaloftheparticularfeelingsandresponsesofworking-classcharacters

B.theinfluenceofMaryBartononLawrence’searlywork

C.theplaceofMatyBartoninthedevelopmentoftheEnglishnovel

D.theextentofthepovertyandphysicalsufferingamongEngland’sindustrialworkersinthel840’s

問題7選項

A.insightful

B.lyrical

C.vivid

D.poignant

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

【解析】1.在文章第一段結尾themethodhasaslightlydistancingeffect:這種方法略有輕微的距離效應。由此可知，作者對Gaskell的寫作方式持輕微的批判態度，認為這種方式會拉遠讀者與書中人物的距離。所以C選項‘有條件的同意’正確。A選項‘不加批判的熱情’、B選項‘未解決的矛盾心理’和C選項‘’和D選項‘順從接受’排除。

2.根據文章第一段：...asimilarconvincingre-creationoffamilies'emotionandresponse,theEnglishnovel...writingofD.H.Lawrence.在創作家庭情感這情節上，有著令人信服的相似之處。由此可知，在描寫家庭情感上，Gaskell和Lawrence有相似之處。所以A選項‘描寫工人家庭的情感‘符合題意。

3.文章第二段，作者以JobLegh為例，講述對自然充滿熱愛的鄉下人離開鄉村后，對城市工業環境的適應。所以C選項‘一位年輕人離開家里的乳牛場，開始自己的事業‘符合題意。

4.最后一段，作者以affinityforlivingthings（對萬物生靈的親近感），walkingoutinspringintofield（春天漫步在田野間），twig-gathering（收集樹枝）等例子講述地理位置的置換，使鄉村人進城后仍對大自然念念不忘。所以B選項‘地理置換’正確。

5.根據文章第一段：Asamemberofthemiddleclass,Gaskellcouldhardlyhelpapproachingworking-classlifeasanoutsideobserverandareporter：作為中產階級的一員，蓋斯凱爾不可能走入工人階級的生活中，她只能是一個局外觀察者和一名記者。由此推斷D選項‘設法擺脫其局外人的立場’正確。

6.題目句子在文章中之前的句子：suchfamiliesemotionsandresponses：這表家庭情感與反應。題干句子在文章中之后的句子：tothesescenesanintuitiverecognitionoffeelings：直觀感受情感的場景。由此推斷thisaspectofMaryBarton是指對工人的情感描述。所以A選項‘描述工人階層人物的特殊情感與反應’符合題意。

7.整篇文章作者站在一個客觀的立場，論述小說創作的理念，寫作方式，也指出小說的作者受到階級的局限，對于工人階級的更為真實的情況不能完全批露。由此得出A選項‘有深刻見解的’、C‘生動的‘和D選項‘尖銳的，深刻的’符合原文，B選項‘抒情的’，不符合原文，符合題意。

13.單選題

Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,（）thespoiltones.

問題1選項

A.notcounting

B.nottocount

C.don’tcount

D.havingnotcounted

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。由于句子前后沒有連詞連接，因此該處填入的動詞要用非謂語形式。此處要選擇現在分詞形式做伴隨狀語，其否定形式是在前面加上not即可。句意：籃子里只有10個蘋果,沒算上壞掉的。因此，本題的正確選項是A選項。

14.單選題

Wecanseehowtheproductlifecycleworksbylookingattheintroductionofinstantcoffee.Whenitwasintroduced,mostpeopledidnotlikeitaswellas“regular”coffeeandittookseveralyearstogaingeneralacceptance(introductionstage).Atonepoint,though,instantcoffeegrewrapidlyinpopularityandmanybrandswereintroduced(stageofrapidgrowth).Afterawhile,peoplebecameattachedtoonebrandandsalesleveledoff(stageofmaturity).Sateswentintoaslightdeclinewhenfreeze-driedcoffeeswereintroduced(stageofdecline).

Theimportanceoftheproductlifecycletomarketersisthis:Differentstagesintheproductlifecyclecallfordifferentstrategies.Thegoalistoextendproductlifesothatsalesandprofitsdonotdecline.Onestrategyiscalledmarketmodification.Itmeansthatmarketingmanagerslookfornewusersandmarketsections.Didyouknow,forexample,thatthebackpacksthatsomanystudentscarrytodaywereoriginallydesignedforthemilitary?

Marketmodificationalsomeanssearchingforincreasedusageamongpresentcustomersorgoingforadifferentmarket,suchasseniorcitizens.Amarketermayre-positiontheproducttoappealtonewmarketsections.

Anotherproductextensionstrategyiscalledproductmodification.Itinvolveschangingproductquality,features,orstyletoattractnewusersormoreusagefrompresentusers.Americanautomanufacturersareusingqualityimprovementasonewaytorecaptureworldmarkets.Note,also,howautomanufacturersoncechangedstylesdramaticallyfromyeartoyeartokeepdemandfromfalling.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whenpeoplegrowfondofoneparticularbrandofaproduct,itssaleswill（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

3.Whydomarketersneedtoknowwhichofthefourstagesaproductisin?

4.Theauthormentionstheexampleof“backpacks”(Line4,Para2)toshowtheimportanceof（）.

5.Inordertorecovertheirshareoftheworldmarket,thefollowingmeasuresaretakenbyU.SautomakersEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項

A.decreasegradually

B.becomeunstable

C.improveenormously

D.remainatthesamelevel

問題2選項

A.Atthematuritystage,manybrandsareusuallyintroduced.

B.Newproductsareoftenmoreexpensivethanoldones.

C.Oldproductsareoftensuperiortonewones.

D.Anewproductisnoteasilyacceptedbythepublic.

問題3選項

A.Theyneedtoworkoutmarketingpolicies

B.Theywanttoincreaseitspopularity

C.Theyplantoimproveitsproductionprocess

D.Theydesiretospeedupitslifecycle.

問題4選項

A.increasingusageamongstudents

B.exploringnewmarketsections

C.pleasingtheyoungaswellastheold

D.servingbothmilitaryandcivilneeds

問題5選項

A.improvingproductquality

B.changingproductstyles

C.re-positioningtheirproducts

D.modifyingproductfeatures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據第一段倒數第二句“Afterawhile,peoplebecameattachedtoonebrandandsalesleveledoff(stageofmaturity).”一段時間后，人們對一個品牌產生了依戀，銷售趨于平穩(成熟期)。選項D符合原文。

2.推理判斷題。根據第一段的內容可知，選項A應該是stageofrapidgrowth，表述錯誤；選項B和C在文中沒有信息提及，無法推導；根據第二段第二句“Whenitwasintroduced,mostpeopledidnotlikeitaswellas“regular”coffeeandittookseveralyearstogaingeneralacceptance.”當它初次被引進時，大多數人并不像喜歡“普通”咖啡那樣喜歡它，并且花了幾年時間才獲得普遍接受。選項D符合原文。

3.細節事實題。根據第二段第一句“Theimportanceoftheproductlifecycletomarketersisthis:Differentstagesintheproductlifecyclecallfordifferentstrategies.”產品生命周期對營銷商的重要性在于:產品生命周期的不同階段需要不同的策略。選項A符合原文。

4.細節事實題。根據關鍵詞“backpacks”定位到第二段，分析原文可知，作者以雙肩包舉例是想說明“Onestrategyiscalledmarketmodification.Itmeansthatmarketingmanagerslookfornewusersandmarketsections.”其中一種策略叫做市場調整。這意味著營銷經理要尋找新的用戶和市場部門。選項B符合原文。

5.細節事實題。根據最后一段第二句“Itinvolveschangingproductquality,features,orstyletoattractnewusersormoreusagefrompresentusers.”它包括改變產品質量、特性或風格，以吸引新用戶或現有用戶的更多使用。只有選項C沒有提及。

15.單選題

Whatweneedtolearnishowtoputtheoryinto（）whenwebeginourfieldworkhere.

問題1選項

A.appearance

B.application

C.accomplish

D.achievement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項appearance“外觀，出現，露面”；B選項application“應用，運用”；C選項accomplish“完成，實現，達到”；D選項achievement“成就，完成”。句意：當我們開始野外工作時，我們需要學習的是如何將理論應用到實際中去。選項B符合語境。

16.單選題

To（

）theriskoftheft,installagoodalarmsystem.

問題1選項

A.decrease

B.minimize

C.limit

D.eliminate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項decrease“減少，降低”；B選項minimize“最小化”；C選項limit“限制”；D選項eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：為了消除被盜的風險，安裝一個好的報警系統。選項D符合句意。

17.單選題

Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyintowhichthemachineshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe“social,legal,andeconomicsubordination”ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof“thewholefemalesexintopublicindustry.”Observersthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization’seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen’slives.

Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriterandthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofemploymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarialwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinthe1880’screatedanewclassof“dead-end”jobs,thenceforthconsidered“women’swork.”Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomenthanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.

Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.Fundamentally,however,theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety.Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldconsiderwhichofthefollowingtobeanindicationofafundamentalalterationintheconditionsofwomen’swork?

48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmanyemployersbeforethetwentiethcenturyisNOTimpliedinthepassage?

49.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionoftheconcludingsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theeffectsofthemechanizationofwomen’sworkhavenotborneoutthefrequentlyheldassumptionthatnewtechnologyisinherentlyrevolutionary.

B.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmechanizationrevolutionizesasociety’straditionalvaluesandthecustomaryrolesofitsmembers.

C.Mechanizationhascausedthenatureofwomen’sworktochangesincetheIndustrialRevolution.

D.Themechanizationofwomen’swork,whileextremelyrevolutionaryinitseffects,hasnot,onthewhole,hadthedeleteriouseffectsthatsomecriticshadfeared.

問題2選項

A.Statisticsshowingthatthemajorityofwomennowoccupywhite-collarpositions.

B.Interviewswithmarriedmenindicatingthattheyarenowdoingsomehouseholdtasks.

C.Surveysofthelabormarketdocumentingtherecentcreationofanewclassofjobsinelectronicsinwhichwomenworkersoutnumbermenfourtoone.

D.Censusresultsshowingthatworkingwomen’swagesandsalariesare,ontheaverage,ashighasthoseofworkingmen.

問題3選項

A.Theydidemploywomeninfactories200yearsago.

B.Theytendedtoemploysingleratherthanmarriedwomen.

C.Theyhiredwomenonlywhenqualifiedmenwerenotavailabletofilltheopenpositions.

D.Theyhiredwomentodomostofthewhite-collarwork.

問題4選項

A.Itsumsupthegeneralpointsconcerningthemechanizationofworkmadeinthepassageasawhole.

B.Itdrawsaconclusionconcerningtheeffectsofthemechanizationofworkwhichgoesbeyondtheevidencep